{"id":1997,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1997"},"modified":"2022-05-09T17:33:43","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T17:33:43","slug":"caci-3705-existence-of-agency-relationship-disputed","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3705-existence-of-agency-relationship-disputed\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3705 Existence of \u201cAgency\u201d Relationship Disputed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-gaust9-7ca8fefc85d1f0d12be6c4275b0859ff\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-gaust9-7ca8fefc85d1f0d12be6c4275b0859ff{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-gaust9-7ca8fefc85d1f0d12be6c4275b0859ff .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-gaust9-7ca8fefc85d1f0d12be6c4275b0859ff .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-gaust9-7ca8fefc85d1f0d12be6c4275b0859ff av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3705 Existence of <span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>Agency<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span> Relationship Disputed<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" 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itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-90k2jh-f3587994a62ea26e16a2c0cacfcf4c34\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-90k2jh-f3587994a62ea26e16a2c0cacfcf4c34 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-90k2jh-f3587994a62ea26e16a2c0cacfcf4c34 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3705\u00a0Existence of \u201cAgency\u201d Relationship Disputed<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s agent and that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is therefore responsible for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] gave [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] authority to act on [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] behalf, then [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s agent. This authority may be shown by words or may be implied by the parties\u2019 conduct. This authority cannot be shown by the words of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] alone. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised November 2017 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction should be used when the factual setting involves a relationship other than employment, such as homeowner-real estate agent or franchisor-franchisee. For an instruction for use for employment, give\u00a0CACI No. 3704,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Existence of \u201cEmployee\u201d Status Disputed<\/span>. The secondary factors (a) through (j) in\u00a0CACI No. 3704\u00a0may be given with this instruction also. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Secci v. United Independent Taxi Drivers, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 8 Cal.App.5th 846, 855 [214 Cal.Rptr.3d 379].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAgent\u201d Defined.\u00a0Civil Code section 2295.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] principal who personally engages in no misconduct may be vicariously liable for the tortious act committed by an agent within the course and scope of the agency. [Citation.] Agency is the relationship which results from the manifestation of consent by one person to another that the other shall act on his behalf and subject to his control, and consent by the other so to act\u2009\u2026\u2009. [Citation.] While the existence of an agency relationship is \u2018typically a question of fact, when \u2018\u2009\u201cthe evidence is susceptible of but a single inference,\u201d\u2009\u2019 summary judgment may be appropriate.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Barenborg v. Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 33 Cal.App.5th 70, 85 [244 Cal.Rptr.3d 680], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018\u2009\u201cThe existence of an agency is a factual question within the province of the trier of fact whose determination may not be disturbed on appeal if supported by substantial evidence. [Citation.]\u201d [Citation.] Inferences drawn from conflicting evidence by the trier of fact are generally upheld. [Citation.]\u2019 \u2018Only when the essential facts are not in conflict will an agency determination be made as a matter of law. [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Secci, supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at p. 854.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">The burden of proving the existence of an agency rests on the one affirming its existence. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burbank v. National Casualty Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1941) 43 Cal.App.2d 773, 781 [111 P.2d 740].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">One who performs a mere favor for another without being subject to any legal duty of service and without assenting to right of control is not an agent, because the agency relationship rests upon mutual consent. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hanks v. Carter &amp; Higgins of Cal., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1967) 250 Cal.App.2d 156, 161 [58 Cal.Rptr. 190].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">An agency must rest upon an agreement. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">D\u2019Acquisto v. Evola<\/span>\u00a0(1949) 90 Cal.App.2d 210, 213 [202 P.2d 596].) \u201cAgency may be implied from the circumstances and conduct of the parties.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Michelson v. Hamada<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 1566, 1579 [36 Cal.Rptr.2d 343], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether a person performing work for another is an agent or an independent contractor depends primarily upon whether the one for whom the work is done has the legal right to control the activities of the alleged agent.\u2009\u2026 It is not essential that the right of control be exercised or that there be actual supervision of the work of the agent. The existence of the right of control and supervision establishes the existence of an agency relationship.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Malloy v. Fong<\/span>\u00a0(1951) 37 Cal.2d 356, 370 [232 P.2d 241], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFor an agency relationship to exist, the asserted principal must have a sufficient right to control the relevant aspect of the purported agent\u2019s day-to-day operations.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Barenborg, supra<\/span>, 33 Cal.App.5th at p. 85.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">When the principal controls only the results of the work and not the means by which it is accomplished, an independent contractor relationship is established. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">White v. Uniroyal, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 155 Cal.App.3d 1, 25 [202 Cal.Rptr. 141], overruled on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Soule v. GM Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 8 Cal.4th 548 [34 Cal.Rptr.2d 607, 882 P.2d 298].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[W]hether an agency relationship has been created or exists is determined by the relation of the parties as they in fact exist by agreement or acts [citation], and the primary right of control is particularly persuasive. [Citations.] Other factors may be considered to determine if an independent contractor is acting as an agent, including: whether the \u201cprincipal\u201d and \u201cagent\u201d are engaged in distinct occupations; the skill required to perform the \u201cagent\u2019s\u201d work; whether the \u201cprincipal\u201d or \u201cagent\u201d supplies the workplace and tools; the length of time for completion; whether the work is part of the \u2018principal\u2019s\u201d regular business; and whether the parties intended to create an agent\/principal relationship. [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Secci, supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at p. 855.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]here is substantial overlap in the factors for determining whether one is an employee or an agent.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jackson v. AEG Live, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 233 Cal.App.4th 1156, 1184 [183 Cal.Rptr.3d 394].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAgency and independent contractorship are not\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">necessarily<\/span>\u00a0mutually exclusive legal categories as independent contractor and servant or employee are. In other words, an agent may also be an independent contractor. One who contracts to act on behalf of another and subject to the other\u2019s control, except with respect to his physical conduct, is both an agent and an independent contractor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jackson, supra<\/span>, 233 Cal.App.4th at p. 1184, original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Defendant] argues that when public regulations require a company to exert control over its independent contractors, evidence of that government-mandated control cannot support a finding of vicarious liability based on agency. This argument conflicts with the policy behind the regulated hirer exception, which emphasizes that the effectiveness of public regulations \u2018would be impaired if the carrier could circumvent them by having the regulated operations conducted by an independent contractor.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Secci, supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at pp. 860\u2013861.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Agency and Employment, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009101\u2013105<\/div>\n<div>Greenwald et al., California Practice Guide: Real Property Transactions, Ch. 2-C\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Broker\u2019s Relationship and Obligations to Principal and Third Parties<\/span>, \u00b6\u20092:120 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Haning et al., California Practice Guide: Personal Injury, Ch. 2(II)-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20092:600, 2:611 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.04\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 30,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employers\u2019 Tort Liability to Third Parties for Conduct of Employees<\/span>, \u00a7\u200930.04\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>21\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 248,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer\u2019s Liability for Employee\u2019s Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009248.51\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>37\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 427,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Principal and Agent<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009427.12 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>18\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 182,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Principal and Agent<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009182.30 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u00a7\u20093:26\u20133:27 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7sqzul-e627d1dfad81c063560bad69879d17bf hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5fgnfx-c727d5c29326fc15e9cf0593a3643d30\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5fgnfx-c727d5c29326fc15e9cf0593a3643d30 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5fgnfx-c727d5c29326fc15e9cf0593a3643d30 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1997","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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