{"id":2001,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2001"},"modified":"2022-05-09T17:36:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T17:36:13","slug":"caci-3708-peculiar-risk-doctrine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3708-peculiar-risk-doctrine\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3708 Peculiar-Risk Doctrine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fyp4n5-fcef3b622e80c80d02837209f60c8cd6\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-fyp4n5-fcef3b622e80c80d02837209f60c8cd6{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-fyp4n5-fcef3b622e80c80d02837209f60c8cd6 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-fyp4n5-fcef3b622e80c80d02837209f60c8cd6 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8xg6rl-44aa941d188b4cd67353888e9768b9e2\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-8xg6rl-44aa941d188b4cd67353888e9768b9e2 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-8xg6rl-44aa941d188b4cd67353888e9768b9e2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3708\u00a0Peculiar-Risk Doctrine<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that even if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of independent contractor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was not an employee, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is responsible for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of independent contractor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct because the work involved a special risk of harm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A special risk of harm is a recognizable danger that arises out of the nature of the work or the place where it is done and requires specific safety measures appropriate to the danger. A special risk of harm may also arise out of a planned but unsafe method of doing the work. A special risk of harm does not include a risk that is unusual, abnormal, or not related to the normal or expected risks associated with the work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove each of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the work was likely to involve a special risk of harm to others;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew or should have known that the work was likely to involve this risk;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of independent contractor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] failed to use reasonable care to take specific safety measures appropriate to the danger to avoid this risk; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of independent contractor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s failure was a cause of harm to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[In deciding whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] should have known the risk, you should consider [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] knowledge and experience in the field of work to be done.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe doctrine of peculiar risk is an exception to the common law rule that a hirer was not liable for the torts of an independent contractor. Under this doctrine, \u2018a person who hires an independent contractor to perform work that is inherently dangerous can be held liable for tort damages when the contractor\u2019s negligent performance of the work causes injuries to others. By imposing such liability without fault on the person who hires the independent contractor, the doctrine seeks to ensure that injuries caused by inherently dangerous work will be compensated, that the person for whose benefit the contracted work is done bears responsibility for any risks of injury to others, and that adequate safeguards are taken to prevent such injuries.\u2019 This doctrine of peculiar risk thus represents a limitation on the common law rule and a corresponding expansion of hirer vicarious liability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vargas v. FMI, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 233 Cal.App.4th 638, 646\u2013647 [182 Cal.Rptr.3d 803], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">In determining the applicability of the doctrine of peculiar risk, a critical inquiry \u201cis whether the work for which the contractor was hired involves a risk that is \u2018peculiar to the work to be done,\u2019 arising either from the nature or the location of the work and \u2018\u2009\u201cagainst which a reasonable person would recognize the necessity of taking special precautions.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privette v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 5 Cal.4th 689, 695 [21 Cal.Rptr.2d 72, 854 P.2d 721], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe courts created this exception in the late 19th century to ensure that innocent third parties injured by inherently dangerous work performed by an independent contractor for the benefit of the hiring person could sue not only the contractor, but also the hiring person, so that in the event of the contractor\u2019s insolvency, the injured person would still have a source of recovery.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Toland v. Sunland Housing Group, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 18 Cal.4th 253, 258 [74 Cal.Rptr.2d 878, 955 P.2d 504].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe analysis of the applicability of the peculiar risk doctrine to a particular fact situation can be broken down into two elements: (1) whether the work is likely to create a peculiar risk of harm unless special precautions are taken; and (2) whether the employer should have recognized that the work was likely to create such a risk.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jimenez v. Pacific Western Construction Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 185 Cal.App.3d 102, 110 [229 Cal.Rptr. 575].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether the particular work which the independent contractor has been hired to perform is likely to create a peculiar risk of harm to others unless special precautions are taken is ordinarily a question of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Castro v. State of California<\/span>\u00a0(1981) 114 Cal.App.3d 503, 511 [170 Cal.Rptr. 734], internal citations omitted; but see\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jimenez<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 185 Cal.App.3d at pp. 109\u2013111\u00a0[proper in this case for trial court to find peculiar risk as a matter of law].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he hiring person\u2019s liability is cast in the form of the hiring person\u2019s breach of a duty to see to it that special precautions are taken to prevent injuries to others; in that sense, the liability is \u2018direct.\u2019 Yet, peculiar risk liability is not a traditional theory of direct liability for the risks created by one\u2019s own conduct: Liability \u2026 is in essence \u2018vicarious\u2019 or \u2018derivative\u2019 in the sense that it derives from the \u2018act or omission\u2019 of the hired contractor, because it is the hired contractor who has caused the injury by failing to use reasonable care in performing the work\u2009\u2026\u2009. \u2018The conclusion that peculiar risk is a form of vicarious liability is unaffected by the characterization of the doctrine as \u201cdirect\u201d liability in situations when the person hiring an independent contractor \u2018fails to provide in the contract that the contractor shall take [special] precautions.\u2019\u2009\u201d(<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Toland, supra,<\/span>\u00a018 Cal.4th at p. 265.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA peculiar risk may arise out of a contemplated and unsafe method of work adopted by the independent contractor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mackey v. Campbell Construction Co<\/span>. (1980) 101 Cal.App.3d 774, 785\u2013786 [162 Cal.Rptr. 64].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe term \u2018peculiar risk\u2019 means neither a risk that is abnormal to the type of work done, nor a risk that is abnormally great; it simply means \u2018a special, recognizable danger arising out of the work itself.\u2019 For that reason, as this court has pointed out, the term \u2018special risk\u2019 is probably a more accurate description than \u2018peculiar risk,\u2019 which is the terminology used in the Restatement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privette, supra<\/span>, 5 Cal.4th at p. 695, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEven when work performed by an independent contractor poses a special or peculiar risk of harm, \u2026 the person who hired the contractor will not be liable for injury to others if the injury results from the contractor\u2019s \u2018collateral\u2019 or \u2018casual\u2019 negligence.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privette, supra,<\/span>\u00a05 Cal.4th at p. 696.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Casual\u2019 or \u2018collateral\u2019 negligence has sometimes been described as negligence in the operative detail of the work, as distinguished from the general plan or method to be followed. Although this distinction can frequently be made, since negligence in the operative details will often not be within the contemplation of the employer when the contract is made, the distinction is not essentially one between operative detail and general method. \u2018It is rather one of negligence which is unusual or abnormal, or foreign to the normal or contemplated risks of doing the work, as distinguished from negligence which creates only the normal or contemplated risk.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Aceves v. Regal Pale Brewing Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 24 Cal.3d 502, 510 [156 Cal.Rptr. 41, 595 P.2d 619], overruled on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privette, supra<\/span>, 5 Cal.4th at p. 702, fn. 4.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he question is whether appellant\u2019s alleged injuries resulted from negligence which was unusual or abnormal, creating a new risk not inherent in the work itself or in the ordinary or prescribed way of doing it, and not reasonably foreseeable by respondent; or whether the injuries were caused by normal negligence which precipitated a contemplated special risk of harm which was itself \u2018peculiar to the work to be done, and arising out of its character, or out of the place where it is to be done, against which a reasonable man would recognize the necessity of taking special precautions.\u2019 This question, like the broader issue of whether there was a peculiar risk inherent in the work being performed, is a question of fact to be resolved by the trier of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Caudel v. East Bay Municipal Utility Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 165 Cal.App.3d 1, 9 [211 Cal.Rptr. 222].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he dispositive issue for purposes of applying the peculiar risk doctrine to the present case is whether there was a direct relationship between the accident and the \u2018particular work performed\u2019 by [contractor]. In other words, if the \u2018character\u2019 of the work contributed to the accident, the peculiar risk doctrine applies. If the accident resulted from \u2018ordinary\u2019 use of the vehicle, the peculiar risk doctrine does not apply, notwithstanding the vehicle\u2019s size and weight.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bowman v. Wyatt<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 186 Cal.App.4th 286, 309 [111 Cal.Rptr.3d 787], internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091394\u20131396<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.05[3][b]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 30,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employers\u2019 Tort Liability to Third Parties for Conduct of Employees<\/span>, \u00a7\u200930.10[2][b]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>21\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 248,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer\u2019s Liability for Employee\u2019s Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009248.22,\u00a0248.32[3]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 100A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer and Employee: Respondeat Superior<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009100A.41 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u20093:22 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7lg09d-4daf56d3c8804c2f1153439d605bdeca hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5xwnrl-aa8a250bec52a86084b4fa43d8178539\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5xwnrl-aa8a250bec52a86084b4fa43d8178539 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5xwnrl-aa8a250bec52a86084b4fa43d8178539 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2001","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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