{"id":2002,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2002"},"modified":"2022-05-09T17:36:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T17:36:49","slug":"caci-3709-ostensible-agent","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3709-ostensible-agent\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3709 Ostensible Agent"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fz7k82-fc4a7008f5dfecffe55bf4f7533a828e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-fz7k82-fc4a7008f5dfecffe55bf4f7533a828e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-fz7k82-fc4a7008f5dfecffe55bf4f7533a828e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-fz7k82-fc4a7008f5dfecffe55bf4f7533a828e 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-95pwcy-e6da8ff8a797ae0fe371c9880aa5e649\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-95pwcy-e6da8ff8a797ae0fe371c9880aa5e649 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-95pwcy-e6da8ff8a797ae0fe371c9880aa5e649 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3709\u00a0Ostensible Agent<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is responsible for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct because [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s apparent [employee\/agent]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intentionally or carelessly created the impression that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [employee\/agent];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] reasonably believed that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [employee\/agent]; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] reasonably relied on [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] belief. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised November 2019 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction with\u00a0CACI No. 3701,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Liability Asserted Against Principal\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, if the plaintiff is relying on the doctrine of ostensible agency to establish the principal-agent relationship in\u00a0CACI No. 3701.<\/p>\n<p>A somewhat different instruction is required to hold a hospital responsible for the acts of a physician under ostensible agency when the physician is actually an employee of a different entity. In that context, it has been said that the only relevant factual issue is whether the patient had reason to know that the physician was not an agent of the hospital. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Markow v. Rosner<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 3 Cal.App.5th 1027 [208 Cal.Rptr.3d 363]; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mejia v. Community Hospital of San Bernardino<\/span>\u00a0(2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 1448, 1454 [122 Cal.Rptr.2d 233].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Agency Is Actual or Ostensible.\u00a0Civil Code section 2298.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOstensible Agency\u201d Defined.\u00a0Civil Code section 2300.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOstensible Authority\u201d Defined.\u00a0Civil Code section 2317.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">When Principal is Bound by Ostensible Agent.\u00a0Civil Code section 2334.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[O]stensible authority arises as a result of conduct of the principal which causes the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">third party<\/span>\u00a0reasonably to believe that the agent possesses the authority to act on the principal\u2019s behalf.\u2019\u2009\u2018Ostensible authority may be established by proof that the principal approved prior similar acts of the agent.\u2019\u2009\u2018\u2009\u201c[W]here the principal knows that the agent holds himself out as clothed with certain authority, and remains silent, such conduct on the part of the principal may give rise to liability.\u2009\u2026\u201d \u2026\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Chicago Title Ins. Co. v. AMZ Ins. Services, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 188 Cal.App.4th 401, 426\u2013427 [115 Cal.Rptr.3d 707], original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether an agent has ostensible authority is a question of fact and such authority may be implied from circumstances.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pierson v. Helmerich &amp; Payne Internat. Drilling Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 4 Cal.App.5th 608, 635 [209 Cal.Rptr.3d 222].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018It is elementary that there are three requirements necessary before recovery may be had against a principal for the act of an ostensible agent. The person dealing with the agent must do so with belief in the agent\u2019s authority and this belief must be a reasonable one; such belief must be generated by some act or neglect of the principal sought to be charged; and the third person in relying on the agent\u2019s apparent authority must not be guilty of negligence.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Associated Creditors\u2019 Agency v. Davis<\/span>\u00a0(1975) 13 Cal.3d 374, 399 [118 Cal.Rptr. 772, 530 P.2d 1084], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOstensible agency cannot be established by the representations or conduct of the purported agent; the statements or acts of the principal must be such as to cause the belief the agency exists.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">American Way Cellular, Inc. v. Travelers Property Casualty Co. of America<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1040, 1053 [157 Cal.Rptr.3d 385].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLiability of the principal for the acts of an ostensible agent rests on the doctrine of \u2018estoppel,\u2019 the essential elements of which are representations made by the principal, justifiable reliance by a third party, and a change of position from such reliance resulting in injury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Preis v. American Indemnity Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 752, 761 [269 Cal.Rptr. 617], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBut the adequacy of the notice is only one of the many fact questions that arise under ostensible agency. The jury must also determine whether the patient entrusted herself to the hospital, whether the hospital selected the doctor, and whether the patient reasonably believed the doctor was an agent of the hospital.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Whitlow v. Rideout Memorial Hospital<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 237 Cal.App.4th 631, 641 [188 Cal.Rptr.3d 246].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is well established in California that a hospital may be liable for the negligence of physicians on the staff, unless the hospital has clearly notified the patient that the treating physicians are not hospital employees and there is no reason to believe the patient was unable to understand or act on the information. This rule is founded on the theory of ostensible agency.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wicks v. Antelope Valley Healthcare Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2020) 49 Cal.App.5th 866, 882 [263 Cal.Rptr.3d 397].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]lthough a hospital may not control, direct or supervise physicians on its staff, a hospital may be liable for their negligence on an ostensible agency theory, unless (1) the hospital gave the patient actual notice that the treating physicians are not hospital employees, and (2) there is no reason to believe the patient was unable to understand or act on the information, or (3) the patient was treated by his or her personal physician and knew or should have known the true relationship between the hospital and physician.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wicks, supra,<\/span>\u00a049 Cal.App.5th at p. 884.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Agency and Employment, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009154\u2013159<\/div>\n<div>Haning et al., California Practice Guide: Personal Injury, Ch. 2(II)-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20092:676, 2:677 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.04[6]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>37\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 427,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Principal and Agent<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009427.11,\u00a0427.22\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>18\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 182,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Principal and Agent<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009182.04,\u00a0182.120\u00a0et seq. (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u20093:29 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7h7tv6-d259a6f8fcad75ca2215b4252a85b60e hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5y6azm-7a4fb219061ed99e1796c078e9e601dc\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5y6azm-7a4fb219061ed99e1796c078e9e601dc .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5y6azm-7a4fb219061ed99e1796c078e9e601dc '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2002","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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