{"id":2004,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2004"},"modified":"2022-05-09T17:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T17:41:07","slug":"caci-3721-scope-of-employment-peace-officers-misuse-of-authority","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3721-scope-of-employment-peace-officers-misuse-of-authority\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3721 Scope of Employment\u2014Peace Officer\u2019s Misuse of Authority"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-gdqytg-4a665292c1fc59ca098b878974d3318e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-gdqytg-4a665292c1fc59ca098b878974d3318e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-gdqytg-4a665292c1fc59ca098b878974d3318e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-gdqytg-4a665292c1fc59ca098b878974d3318e .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-gdqytg-4a665292c1fc59ca098b878974d3318e av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3721 Scope of Employment\u2014Peace Officer\u2019s Misuse of Authority<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8mb61g-e0d82b1ca79d2e35648b4063c4d37ddc\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-8mb61g-e0d82b1ca79d2e35648b4063c4d37ddc .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-8mb61g-e0d82b1ca79d2e35648b4063c4d37ddc '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3721\u00a0Scope of Employment\u2014Peace Officer\u2019s Misuse of Authority<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was acting within the scope of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [employment\/authorization] when [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The conduct of a peace officer is within the scope of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] employment as a peace officer if all of the following are true:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(a)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The conduct occurs while the peace officer is on duty as a peace officer;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(b)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The conduct occurs while the peace officer is exercising [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] authority as a peace officer; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(c)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The conduct results from the use of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] authority as a peace officer. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e hold that when, as in this case, a police officer on duty misuses his official authority by raping a woman whom he has detained, the public entity that employs him can be held vicariously liable. This does not mean that, as a matter of law, the public employer is vicariously liable whenever an on-duty officer commits a sexual assault. Rather, this is a question of fact for the jury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M. v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 54 Cal.3d 202, 221 [285 Cal.Rptr. 99, 814 P.2d 1341].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe use of authority is incidental to the duties of a police officer. The County enjoys tremendous benefits from the public\u2019s respect for that authority. Therefore, it must suffer the consequences when the authority is abused.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">White v. County of Orange<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 166 Cal.App.3d 566, 572 [212 Cal.Rptr. 493].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is questionable whether the holding in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M.<\/span>\u00a0is still viable. Indeed, the Chief Justice of California has described it as an \u2018aberrant holding\u2019 that was \u2018wrongly decided\u2019 and should be \u2018overrule[d].\u2019 Nonetheless, it remains the rule of law unless a majority of the California Supreme Court decides otherwise.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">M.P. v. City of Sacramento<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 121, 124 [98 Cal.Rptr.3d 812], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe reject plaintiff\u2019s effort to apply\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M.<\/span>\u00a0to the facts of this case. For reasons that follow, we conclude the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M.<\/span>\u00a0holding that a public employer of a police officer may be vicariously liable for a sex crime committed by the officer against a person detained by the officer while on duty is, at best, limited to such acts by an on-duty police officer and does not extend to any other form of employment, including firefighting. Thus, as a matter of law, the alleged sexual assault by firefighters in this case was not conduct within in the scope of their employment and cannot support a finding that their employer \u2026 is vicariously liable for the harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">M.P., supra<\/span>, 177 Cal.App.4th at p. 124; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Z.V. v. County of Riverside<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 238 Cal.App.4th 889, 893\u2013902 [189 Cal.Rptr.3d 570]\u00a0[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M.<\/span>\u00a0not applicable to sexual assault by social worker on foster child].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAppellants argue they fall within\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M.<\/span>\u00a0because [employee]\u2019s misconduct arose from the abuse of his authority as a law enforcement officer. The County counters that [employee] was a correctional officer, not a law enforcement officer. However, whether [employee] is classified as a law enforcement officer or not is immaterial. The power or privilege that [employee] abused, i.e., his access to the correctional management computer system, is totally different from the unique and formidable power and authority police officers have over members of the public or people under their control. [Employee] had no authority or control over appellants. As courts have noted, \u2018\u2009\u201cpolice officers [exercise] the most awesome and dangerous power that a democratic state possesses with respect to its residents\u2014the power to use lawful force to arrest and detain them.\u201d\u2009\u2019 This is not the case with a correctional officer who processes paperwork and has access to a jail computer system. Rather in this context, the criminal conduct underlying appellants\u2019 action, namely the illegal act of writing the letters using the information gathered from the jail computer system for totally non-work-related purposes, must be considered unusual or startling.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Perry v. County of Fresno<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 215 Cal.App.4th 94, 103\u2013104 [155 Cal.Rptr.3d 219], internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Agency and Employment, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009180, 190, 191, 196, 201<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.03[3][f][ii]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 100A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer and Employee: Respondeat Superior<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009100A.26 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u20093:8 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-rkeus-f1143669c742c94c64b7cdfe61cfea4c hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6635mc-a5e4a4e0e8e95d2e0f637abe78994b56\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6635mc-a5e4a4e0e8e95d2e0f637abe78994b56 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6635mc-a5e4a4e0e8e95d2e0f637abe78994b56 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2004","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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