{"id":2286,"date":"2021-10-25T03:58:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2286"},"modified":"2022-05-09T21:26:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T21:26:13","slug":"caci-5012-introduction-to-special-verdict-form","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-5012-introduction-to-special-verdict-form\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 5012 Introduction to Special Verdict Form"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3jhy0a-7b5ce0afcd115f393e3ed9ccb8e4f2f1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3jhy0a-7b5ce0afcd115f393e3ed9ccb8e4f2f1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3jhy0a-7b5ce0afcd115f393e3ed9ccb8e4f2f1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3jhy0a-7b5ce0afcd115f393e3ed9ccb8e4f2f1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3jhy0a-7b5ce0afcd115f393e3ed9ccb8e4f2f1 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 5012 Introduction to Special Verdict Form<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3jj1nv-44d9a3fd39a4b2e74ff000350f606b79\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3jj1nv-44d9a3fd39a4b2e74ff000350f606b79 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3jj1nv-44d9a3fd39a4b2e74ff000350f606b79 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">5012\u00a0Introduction to Special Verdict Form<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">I will give you [a] verdict form[s] with questions you must answer. I have already instructed you on the law that you are to use in answering these questions. You must follow my instructions and the form[s] carefully. You must consider each question separately. Although you may discuss the evidence and the issues to be decided in any order, you must answer the questions on the verdict form[s] in the order they appear. After you answer a question, the form tells you what to do next.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">At least 9 of you must agree on an answer before you can move on to the next question. However, the same 9 or more people do not have to agree on each answer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">All 12 of you must deliberate on and answer each question regardless of how you voted on any earlier question. Unless the verdict form tells all 12 jurors to stop and answer no further questions, every juror must deliberate and vote on all of the remaining questions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">When you have finished filling out the form[s], your presiding juror must write the date and sign it at the bottom [of the last page] and then notify the [bailiff\/clerk\/court attendant] that you are ready to present your verdict in the courtroom. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised April 2004, October 2008, December 2009, December 2014, May 2019 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction should be given if a special verdict form is used. The second and third paragraphs will have to be modified in a case under the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act. (See\u00a0CACI No. 4012,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Concluding Instruction<\/span>\u00a0(for LPS Act).) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">General and Special Verdict Forms.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 624.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Special Verdicts; Requirements for Award of Punitive Damages.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 625.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The verdict of a jury is either general or special. A general verdict is that by which they pronounce generally upon all or any of the issues, either in favor of the plaintiff or defendant; a special verdict is that by which the jury find the facts only, leaving the judgment to the Court. The special verdict must present the conclusions of fact as established by the evidence, and not the evidence to prove them; and those conclusions of fact must be so presented as that nothing shall remain to the Court but to draw from them conclusions of law.\u2019 (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009624.)\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">J.P. v. Carlsbad Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 232 Cal.App.4th 323, 338 [181 Cal.Rptr.3d 286].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA special verdict is \u2018fatally defective\u2019 if it does not allow the jury to resolve every controverted issue.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trejo v. Johnson &amp; Johnson<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 13 Cal.App.5th 110, 136 [220 Cal.Rptr.3d 127].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is true that, in at least some respects, a special verdict\u2014if carefully drawn and astutely employed\u2014may improve the quality of the factfinding process. It can focus the jury\u2019s attention on the relevant questions, incorporating the pertinent legal principles, and guiding the jury away from irrelevant or improper considerations. It can also expose defects in the jury\u2019s deliberations when they occur, providing an opportunity for the court to seek correction through further deliberations.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ryan v. Crown Castle NG Networks, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 6 Cal.App.5th 775, 795 [211 Cal.Rptr.3d 743].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018This procedure presents certain problems: \u201c\u2009\u2018The requirement that the jury must resolve every controverted issue is one of the recognized pitfalls of special verdicts. \u201c[T]he possibility of a defective or incomplete special verdict, or possibly no verdict at all, is much greater than with a general verdict that is tested by special findings \u2026\u2009.\u201d [Citation.]\u2019 [Citation.]\u201d\u2009\u2019 \u2018A special verdict is \u201cfatally defective\u201d if it does not allow the jury to resolve every controverted issue.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">J.P., supra<\/span>, 232 Cal.App.4th at p. 338, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAll litigation is ultimately a matter of striking a reasonable compromise among competing interests, particularly the interest in resolving cases fairly and that of utilizing public and private resources economically. A special verdict is unlikely to serve either of these objectives unless it is drawn with considerable care.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ryan, supra,<\/span>\u00a06 Cal.App.5th at p. 796.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]hat the jury instruction \u2026 defined [the element] did not obviate the necessity of including that required element in the special verdict. \u2018A jury instruction alone does not constitute a finding. Nor does the fact that the evidence might support such a finding constitute a finding.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trejo, supra,<\/span>\u00a013 Cal.App.5th at p. 138.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen a jury is composed of 12 persons, it is sufficient if\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">any<\/span>\u00a0nine jurors arrive at each special verdict, regardless of the jurors\u2019 votes on other special verdict questions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keener v. Jeld-Wen, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 46 Cal.4th 247, 255 [92 Cal.Rptr.3d 862, 206 P.3d 403], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAppellate courts differ concerning the use of special verdicts. In one case the court said, \u2018we should utilize opportunities to force counsel into requesting special verdicts.\u2019 In contrast, a more recent decision included the negative view: \u2018Toward this end we advise that special findings be requested of juries only when there is a compelling need to do so. Absent strong reason to the contrary their use should be discouraged.\u2019 Obviously, it is easier to tell after the fact, rather than before, whether the special verdict is helpful in disclosing the jury conclusions leading to the end result.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">All-West Design, Inc. v. Boozer<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 183 Cal.App.3d 1212, 1221 [228 Cal.Rptr. 736], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e begin with the requirement that at least nine of twelve jurors agree that each element of a cause of action has been proved by a preponderance of the evidence. The elements of a cause of action constitute the essential or ultimate facts in a civil case comparable to the elements of a single, discrete criminal offense in a criminal case. Analogizing a civil \u2018cause of action\u2019 to a single, discrete criminal offense, and applying the criminal law jury agreement principles to civil law, we conclude that jurors need not agree from among a number of alternative acts which act is proved, so long as the jurors agree that each element of the cause of action is proved.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Stoner v. Williams<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 46 Cal.App.4th 986, 1002 [54 Cal.Rptr.2d 243, footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn civil cases in which there exist multiple causes of action for which multiple or alternative acts could support elements of more than one cause of action, possible jury confusion could result as to whether a specific cause of action is proved. In those cases, \u2026 we presume that jury instructions may be appropriate to inform the jury that it must agree on specific elements of each specific cause of action. Yet, this still does not require that the jurors agree on exactly how each particular element of a particular cause of action is proved.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Stoner, supra,<\/span>\u00a046 Cal.App.4th at p. 1002.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] juror who dissented from a special verdict finding negligence should not be disqualified from fully participating in the jury\u2019s further deliberations, including the determination of proximate cause. The jury is to determine all questions submitted to it, and when the jury is composed of twelve persons, each should participate as to each verdict submitted to it. To hold that a juror may be disqualified by a special verdict on negligence from participation in the next special verdict would deny the parties of \u2018the right to a jury of 12 persons deliberating on all issues.\u2019 Permitting any nine jurors to arrive at each special verdict best serves the purpose of less-than-unanimous verdicts, overcoming minor disagreements and avoiding costly mistrials. Once nine jurors have found a party negligent, dissenting jurors can accept the finding and participate in determining proximate cause just as they may participate in apportioning liability, and we may not assume that the dissenting jurors will violate their oaths to deliberate honestly and conscientiously on the proximate cause issue.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Resch v. Volkswagen of America, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 36 Cal.3d 676, 682 [205 Cal.Rptr. 827, 685 P.2d 1178], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>7 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Trial, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009342\u2013346<\/div>\n<div>4\u00a0California Trial Guide, Unit 91,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jury Deliberations and Rendition of Verdict<\/span>, \u00a7\u200991.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>27\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 318,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Judgments<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009318.49\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>28\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 326A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jury Verdicts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009326A.11 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Trial and Post-Trial Civil Procedure, Ch. 18,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jury Verdicts<\/span>, 18.11 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>California Judges Benchbook: Civil Proceedings\u2014Trial \u00a7\u200914.14 (Cal CJER 2019)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-780ose-a1b2a908082ce9f2a06b9966392cac65 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6cw5a6-016da42f4aceb8f1c33ed6b33e7e19ab\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6cw5a6-016da42f4aceb8f1c33ed6b33e7e19ab .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6cw5a6-016da42f4aceb8f1c33ed6b33e7e19ab '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2286","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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