{"id":2295,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2295"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:58:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:58:23","slug":"caci-4900-adverse-possession","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4900-adverse-possession\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4900 Adverse Possession"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3iktif-298047ca20f2495cbda41c8ba3ecac2d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3iktif-298047ca20f2495cbda41c8ba3ecac2d{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3iktif-298047ca20f2495cbda41c8ba3ecac2d .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3iktif-298047ca20f2495cbda41c8ba3ecac2d 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3im0lb-cb5a7c52a2d2d69ae943660c598d3d14\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3im0lb-cb5a7c52a2d2d69ae943660c598d3d14 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3im0lb-cb5a7c52a2d2d69ae943660c598d3d14 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4900\u00a0Adverse Possession<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is the owner of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">briefly describe property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] because [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has obtained title to the property by adverse possession. In order to establish adverse possession, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that for a period of five years, all of the following were true:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] exclusively possessed the property;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s possession was continuous and uninterrupted;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s possession of the property was open and easily observable, or was under circumstances that would give reasonable notice to [name of defendant];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not recognize, expressly or by implication, that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had any ownership rights in the land;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claimed the property as [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] own under [either] [color of title\/ [or] a claim of right]; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] timely paid all of the taxes assessed on the property during the five-year period. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New November 2019 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Use this instruction for a claim that the plaintiff has obtained title of property by adverse possession. A claimant for a prescriptive easement is entitled to a jury trial. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Arciero Ranches v. Meza<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 17 Cal.App.4th 114, 124 [21 Cal.Rptr.2d 127]; see\u00a0CACI No. 4901,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Prescriptive Easement<\/span>.) Presumably the same right would apply to a claim for adverse possession. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kendrick v. Klein<\/span>\u00a0(1944) 65 Cal.App.2d 491, 496 [150 P.2d 955]\u00a0[whether occupancy amounted to adverse possession is question of fact].)<\/p>\n<p>By statute, the taxes must have been paid by \u201cthe party or persons, their predecessors and grantors.\u201d (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009325(b).) Revise element 6 if the taxes were paid by someone other than the plaintiff. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Adverse Possession.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 325.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Color of Title: Occupancy Under Written Instrument or Judgment.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 322.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Occupancy Under Claim of Right.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 324.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere is a difference between a prescriptive use of land culminating in an easement (i.e., an incorporeal interest) and adverse possession which creates a change in title or ownership (i.e., a corporeal interest); the former deals with the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">use<\/span>\u00a0of land, the other with\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">possession<\/span>; although the elements of each are similar, the requirements of proof are materially different.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hansen v. Sandridge Partners, L.P<\/span>. (2018) 22 Cal.App.5th 1020, 1032 [232 Cal.Rptr.3d 247], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn an action to quiet title based on adverse possession the burden is upon the claimant to prove every necessary element: (1) Possession must be by actual occupation under such circumstances as to constitute reasonable notice to the owner. (2) It must be hostile to the owner\u2019s title. (3) The holder must claim the property as his own, under either color of title or claim of right. (4) Possession must be continuous and uninterrupted for five years. (5) The holder must pay all the taxes levied and assessed upon the property during the period.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Dimmick v. Dimmick<\/span>\u00a0(1962) 58 Cal.2d 417, 421 [24 Cal.Rptr. 856, 374 P.2d 824].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo establish adverse possession, the claimant must prove: (1) possession under claim of right or color of title; (2) actual, open, and notorious occupation of the premises constituting reasonable notice to the true owner; (3) possession which is adverse and hostile to the true owner; (4) continuous possession for at least five years; and (5) payment of all taxes assessed against the property during the five-year period.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hansen, supra<\/span>, 22 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1032\u20131033.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The elements necessary to establish title by adverse possession are tax payment and open and notorious use or possession that is continuous and uninterrupted, hostile to the true owner and under a claim of title,\u2019 for five years. [Citation.]\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McLear-Gary v. Scott<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 25 Cal.App.5th 145, 152 [235 Cal.Rptr.3d 443].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cClaim of right does not require a belief or claim that the use is legally justified. It simply means that the property was used without permission of the owner of the land. As the American Law of Property states in the context of adverse possession: \u2018In most of the cases asserting [the requirement of a claim of right], it means no more than that possession must be hostile, which in turn means only that the owner has not expressly consented to it by lease or license or has not been led into acquiescing in it by the denial of adverse claim on the part of the possessor.\u2019 One text proposes that because the phrase \u2018\u2009\u201cclaim of right\u201d\u2009\u2019 has caused so much trouble by suggesting the need for an intent or state of mind, it would be better if the phrase and the notions it has spawned were forgotten.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Felgenhauer v. Soni<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 121 Cal.App.4th 445, 450 [17 Cal.Rptr.3d 135], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBecause of the taxes element, it is more difficult to establish adverse possession than a prescriptive easement. The reason for the difference in relative difficulty is that a successful adverse possession claimant obtains ownership of the land (i.e., an estate), while a successful prescriptive easement claimant merely obtains the right to\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">use<\/span>\u00a0the land in a particular way (i.e., an easement).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hansen, supra<\/span>, 22 Cal.App.5th at p. 1033, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The requirement of \u201chostility\u201d \u2026 means, not that the parties must have a dispute as to the title during the period of possession, but that the claimant\u2019s possession must be adverse to the record owner, \u201cunaccompanied by any recognition, express or inferable from the circumstances of the right in the latter.\u201d \u2026 \u201cTitle by adverse possession may be acquired through [sic] the possession or use commenced under mistake.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kunza v. Gaskell<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 91 Cal.App.3d 201, 210\u2013211 [154 Cal.Rptr. 101].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAdverse possession under [Code of Civil Procedure] section 322\u00a0is based on what is commonly referred to as color of title. In order to establish a title under this section it is necessary to show that the claimant or \u2018those under whom he claims, entered into possession of the property under claim of title, exclusive of other right, founding such claim upon a written instrument, as being a conveyance of the property in question, or upon the decree or judgment of a competent court, and that there has been a continued occupation and possession of the property included in such instrument, decree, or judgment, or of some part of the property \u2026 for five years \u2026\u2009.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sorensen v. Costa<\/span>\u00a0(1948) 32 Cal.2d 453, 458 [196 P.2d 900].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe requirements of possession are more stringent where the possessor acts under mere claim of right than when he occupies under color of title. In the former case, the land is deemed to have been possessed and occupied only where it has (a) been protected by a substantial inclosure, or (b) usually cultivated or improved.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brown v. Berman<\/span>\u00a0(1962) 203 Cal.App.2d 327, 329 [21 Cal.Rptr. 401], internal citations omitted; see\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009325.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is settled too that the burden of proving all of the essential elements of adverse possession rests upon the person relying thereon and it cannot be made out by inference but only by clear and positive proof.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mosk v. Summerland Spiritualist Asso<\/span>. (1964) 225 Cal.App.2d 376, 382 [37 Cal.Rptr. 366].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>12 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Real Property, \u00a7\u2009223 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 360,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Adverse Possession<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009360.20\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Adverse Possession<\/span>, \u00a7\u200913.12\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Adverse Possession<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200913.10,\u00a013.20\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6 Miller &amp; Starr California Real Estate 4th (2015) \u00a7\u200918:1 et seq. (Ch. 18,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Real Property<\/span>) (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Smith-Chavez, et al., California Civil Practice, Real Property Litigation \u00a7\u200913:1 et seq. 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