{"id":2296,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2296"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:58:56","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:58:56","slug":"caci-4901-prescriptive-easement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4901-prescriptive-easement\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4901 Prescriptive Easement"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3imc9s-84367013003d3686a4ce7d4ab14fe6af\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3imc9s-84367013003d3686a4ce7d4ab14fe6af{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3imc9s-84367013003d3686a4ce7d4ab14fe6af .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3imc9s-84367013003d3686a4ce7d4ab14fe6af 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3iniyp-9ffd99d2709420f9345cbb2b5c3bf16c\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3iniyp-9ffd99d2709420f9345cbb2b5c3bf16c .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3iniyp-9ffd99d2709420f9345cbb2b5c3bf16c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4901\u00a0Prescriptive Easement<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is entitled to a nonexclusive use of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s property for the purpose of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe use, e.g., reaching the access road<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. This right is called a prescriptive easement. In order to establish a prescriptive easement, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that for a period of five years all of the following were true:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has been using [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s property for the purpose of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., reaching the access road<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s use of the property was continuous and uninterrupted;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s use of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s property was open and easily observable, or was under circumstances that would give reasonable notice to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not have [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s permission to use the land. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New November 2019 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Use this instruction for a claim that the plaintiff has obtained a prescriptive easement to use the defendant\u2019s property. A claimant for a prescriptive easement is entitled to a jury trial. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Arciero Ranches v. Meza<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 17 Cal.App.4th 114, 124 [21 Cal.Rptr.2d 127].)<\/p>\n<p>If the case involves periods of prescriptive use by successive users (i.e., \u201ctacking\u201d), modify each element to account for the prior use by others. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Windsor Pacific LLC v. Samwood Co., Inc<\/span>. (2013) 213 Cal.App.4th 263, 270 [152 Cal.Rptr.3d 518], disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mountain Air Enterprises, LLC v. Sundowner Towers, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 3 Cal.5th 744, 756 fn. 3 [220 Cal.Rptr.3d 650, 398 P.3d 556].)<\/p>\n<p>There is a split of authority over the standard of proof for a prescriptive easement. (Compare\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vieira Enterprises, Inc. v. McCoy<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 8 Cal.App.5th 1057, 1074 [214 Cal.Rptr.3d 193]\u00a0[preponderance of evidence] with\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Grant v. Ratliff<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 1304, 1310 [79 Cal.Rptr.3d 902]\u00a0[clear and convincing evidence].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The elements necessary to establish a prescriptive easement are well settled. The party claiming such an easement must show use of the property which has been open, notorious, continuous and adverse for an uninterrupted period of five years. [Citations.] Whether the elements of prescription are established is a question of fact for the trial court [citation], and the findings of the court will not be disturbed where there is substantial evidence to support them.\u2019 \u2018[A]n essential element necessary to the establishment of a prescriptive easement is visible, open and notorious use sufficient to impart actual or constructive notice of the use to the owner of the servient tenement. [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McLear-Gary v. Scott<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 25 Cal.App.5th 145, 159 [235 Cal.Rptr.3d 443], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPeriods of prescriptive use by successive owners of the dominant estate can be \u2018tacked\u2019 together if the first three elements are satisfied.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Windsor Pacific LLC, supra<\/span>, 213 Cal.App.4th at p. 270.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[The] burden of proof as to each and all of the requisite elements to create a prescriptive easement is upon the one asserting the claim. [Citations.] [Para. ] \u2026 [The] existence or nonexistence of each of the requisite elements to create a prescriptive easement is a question of fact for the court or jury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Twin Peaks Land Co. v. Briggs<\/span>\u00a0(1982) 130 Cal.App.3d 587, 593 [181 Cal.Rptr. 25].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] party seeking to establish a prescriptive easement has the burden of proof by clear and convincing evidence. The higher standard of proof demonstrates there is no policy favoring the establishment of prescriptive easements.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Grant, supra<\/span>, 164 Cal.App.4th at p. 1310, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Plaintiff] correctly contends that the burden of proof of a prescriptive easement or prescriptive termination of an easement is not clear and convincing evidence \u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vieira Enterprises, Inc., supra<\/span>, 8 Cal.App.5th at p. 1064.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether the use is hostile or is merely a matter of neighborly accommodation, however, is a question of fact to be determined in light of the surrounding circumstances and the relationship between the parties.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Warsaw v. Chicago Metallic Ceilings, Inc<\/span>. (1984) 35 Cal.3d 564, 572 [199 Cal.Rptr. 773, 676 P.2d 584].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The term \u201cadverse\u201d in this context is essentially synonymous with \u201chostile\u201d and \u201c\u2009\u2018under claim of right.\u2019\u2009\u201d [Citations.] A claimant need not believe that his or her use is legally justified or expressly claim a right of use for the use to be adverse. [Citations.] Instead, a claimant\u2019s use is adverse to the owner if the use is made without any express or implied recognition of the owner\u2019s property rights. [Citations.] In other words, a claimant\u2019s use is adverse to the owner if it is wrongful and in defiance of the owner\u2019s property rights. [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McBride v. Smith<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 18 Cal.App.5th 1160, 1181 [227 Cal.Rptr.3d 390].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cClaim of right does not require a belief or claim that the use is legally justified. It simply means that the property was used without permission of the owner of the land. As the American Law of Property states in the context of adverse possession: \u2018In most of the cases asserting [the requirement of a claim of right], it means no more than that possession must be hostile, which in turn means only that the owner has not expressly consented to it by lease or license or has not been led into acquiescing in it by the denial of adverse claim on the part of the possessor.\u2019 One text proposes that because the phrase \u2018\u2009\u201cclaim of right\u201d\u2009\u2019 has caused so much trouble by suggesting the need for an intent or state of mind, it would be better if the phrase and the notions it has spawned were forgotten.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Felgenhauer v. Soni<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 121 Cal.App.4th 445, 450 [17 Cal.Rptr.3d 135], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPrescription cannot be gained if the use is permissive.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ranch at the Falls LLC v. O\u2019Neal<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 38 Cal.App.5th 155, 182 [250 Cal.Rptr.3d 585], citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUse with the owner\u2019s permission, however, is not adverse to the owner. [Citations.] To be adverse to the owner a claimant\u2019s use must give rise to a cause of action by the owner against the claimant. [Citations.] This ensures that a prescriptive easement can arise only if the owner had an opportunity to protect his or her rights by taking legal action to prevent the wrongful use, yet failed to do so. [Citations.]\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McBride, supra<\/span>, 18 Cal.App.5th at p. 1181.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPrescriptive rights \u2018are limited to the uses which were made of the easements during the prescriptive period. [Citations.] Therefore, no different or greater use can be made of the easements without defendants\u2019 consent.\u2019 While the law permits increases in the scope of use of an easement where \u2018the change is one of degree, not kind\u2019, \u2018an actual change in the physical objects passing over the road\u2019 constitutes a \u2018substantial change in the nature of the use and a consequent increase of burden upon the servient estate \u2026 more than a change in the degree of use.\u2019 \u2018\u2009\u201cIn ascertaining whether a particular use is permissible under an easement appurtenant created by prescription there must be considered \u2026 the needs which result from a normal evolution in the use of the dominant tenement and the extent to which the satisfaction of those needs increases the burden on the servient tenement.\u201d\u2009\u2019 \u2018[T]he question of whether there has been an unreasonable use of an easement is one of fact \u2026\u2009.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McLear-Gary, supra<\/span>, 25 Cal.App.5th at p. 160, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>12 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Real Property, \u00a7\u2009415 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 343,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Easements<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009343.15\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Adverse Possession<\/span>, \u00a7\u200913.13\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>20\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 240,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Easements<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009240.16\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>22\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 225,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009225.180\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-754iso-4c1bd142258f15bb18a4f19aaf9413b5 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5bucbc-666ef0ed88f497b920cbb69201bf0846\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5bucbc-666ef0ed88f497b920cbb69201bf0846 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5bucbc-666ef0ed88f497b920cbb69201bf0846 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2296","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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