{"id":2299,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2299"},"modified":"2022-05-09T21:00:45","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T21:00:45","slug":"caci-4920-wrongful-foreclosure-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4920-wrongful-foreclosure-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4920 Wrongful Foreclosure\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3iqx7z-776b8719db75052034a6ac74502c9138\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3iqx7z-776b8719db75052034a6ac74502c9138{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3iqx7z-776b8719db75052034a6ac74502c9138 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3iqx7z-776b8719db75052034a6ac74502c9138 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3iqx7z-776b8719db75052034a6ac74502c9138 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4920 Wrongful Foreclosure\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3is4py-992cdd76d4b637af8b0aba7ab26ab11f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3is4py-992cdd76d4b637af8b0aba7ab26ab11f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3is4py-992cdd76d4b637af8b0aba7ab26ab11f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4920\u00a0Wrongful Foreclosure\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] wrongly foreclosed on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [home\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify other real property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. In order to establish a wrongful foreclosure, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] caused a foreclosure sale of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [home\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify other real property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] under a power of sale in a [mortgage\/deed of trust];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That this sale was wrongful because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify reason(s) supporting illegality, fraud, or willful oppression<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [tendered all amounts that were due under the loan secured by the [mortgage\/deed of trust], but [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] refused the tender]\/[was excused from tendering all amounts that were due under loan secured by the [mortgage\/deed of trust]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was not materially in breach of any other condition and had not failed to perform any other material requirement of the loan agreement that would otherwise justify the foreclosure;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s actions were a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Use this instruction for a claim for wrongful foreclosure.<\/p>\n<p>For element 3, use the optional language depending on the circumstances. If plaintiff claims that tender is excused, give\u00a0CACI No. 4921,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wrongful Foreclosure\u2014Tender Excused<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>There is a split in authority as to whether the plaintiff must prove element 4. (Compare\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Turner v. Seterus, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 27 Cal.App.5th 516, 525 [238 Cal.Rptr.3d 528]\u00a0[stating the elements of a wrongful foreclosure claim without element 4] with\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Majd v. Bank of America, N.A.<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 243 Cal.App.4th 1293, 1306\u20131307 [197 Cal.Rptr.3d 151]\u00a0[including element 4 as a basic element of a wrongful foreclosure claim].) If the defendant does not claim that the plaintiff is in material breach of some loan condition, however, omit element 4. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Curing Default.\u00a0Civil Code section 2924c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe elements of the tort of wrongful foreclosure are: \u2018\u2009\u201c(1) the trustee or mortgagee caused an illegal, fraudulent, or willfully oppressive sale of real property pursuant to a power of sale in a mortgage or deed of trust; (2) the party attacking the sale (usually but not always the trustor or mortgagor) was prejudiced or harmed; and (3) in cases where the trustor or mortgagor challenges the sale, the trustor or mortgagor tendered the amount of the secured indebtedness or was excused from tendering\u201d\u2009\u2019; and (4) \u2018\u2009\u201cno breach of condition or failure of performance existed on the mortgagor\u2019s or trustor\u2019s part which would have authorized the foreclosure or exercise of the power of sale.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Majd, supra,<\/span>\u00a0243 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1306\u20131307 [197 Cal.Rptr.3d 151].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The basic elements of a tort cause of action for wrongful foreclosure track the elements of an equitable cause of action to set aside a foreclosure sale. They are: \u201c(1) the trustee or mortgagee caused an illegal, fraudulent, or willfully oppressive sale of real property pursuant to a power of sale in a mortgage or deed of trust; (2) the party attacking the sale (usually but not always the trustor or mortgagor) was prejudiced or harmed; and (3) in cases where the trustor or mortgagor challenges the sale, the trustor or mortgagor tendered the amount of the secured indebtedness or was excused from tendering.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Daniels v. Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 246 Cal.App.4th 1150, 1184\u20131185 [201 Cal.Rptr.3d 390].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cJustifications for setting aside a trustee\u2019s sale from the reported cases, which satisfy the first element, include the trustee\u2019s or the beneficiary\u2019s failure to comply with the statutory procedural requirements for the notice or conduct of the sale. Other grounds include proof that (1) the trustee did not have the power to foreclose; (2) the trustor was not in default, no breach had occurred, or the lender had waived the breach; or (3) the deed of trust was void.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lona v. Citibank, N.A.<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 202 Cal.App.4th 89, 104\u2013105 [134 Cal.Rptr.3d 622], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWrongful foreclosure is a common law tort claim.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Turner, supra,<\/span>\u00a027 Cal.App.5th at p. 525.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] trustee or mortgagee may be liable to the trustor or mortgagor for damages sustained where there has been an illegal, fraudulent or wil[l]fully oppressive sale of property under a power of sale contained in a mortgage or deed of trust. [Citations.] This rule of liability is also applicable in California, we believe, upon the basic principle of tort liability declared in the Civil Code that every person is bound by law not to injure the person or property of another or infringe on any of his rights.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Miles v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 236 Cal.App.4th 394, 408 [186 Cal.Rptr.3d 625].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo successfully challenge a foreclosure sale based on a procedural irregularity, the plaintiff must show both that there was a failure to comply with the procedural requirements for the foreclosure sale and that the irregularity prejudiced the plaintiff.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Citrus El Dorado, LLC v. Chicago Title Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 32 Cal.App.5th 943, 950 [244 Cal.Rptr.3d 372].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[M]ere technical violations of the foreclosure process will not give rise to a tort claim; the foreclosure must have been entirely unauthorized on the facts of the case. This is a sound addition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Miles, supra,<\/span>\u00a0236 Cal.App.4th at p. 409.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[O]nly the entity currently entitled to enforce a debt may foreclose on the mortgage or deed of trust securing that debt\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019 \u2018It is no mere \u201cprocedural nicety,\u201d from a contractual point of view, to insist that only those with authority to foreclose on a borrower be permitted to do so.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sciarratta v. U.S. Bank National Assn<\/span>. (2016) 247 Cal.App.4th 552, 562 [202 Cal.Rptr.3d 219], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]here a mortgagee or trustee makes an unauthorized sale under a power of sale he and his principal are liable to the mortgagor for the value of the property at the time of the sale in excess of the mortgages and liens against said property.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Miles, supra,<\/span>\u00a0236 Cal.App.4th at p. 409.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[L]ost equity in the property \u2026 is a recoverable item of damages. It is not, however, the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">only<\/span>\u00a0recoverable item of damages. Wrongfully foreclosing on someone\u2019s home is likely to cause other sorts of damages, such as moving expenses, lost rental income (which plaintiff claims here), and damage to credit. It may also result in emotional distress (which plaintiff also claims here). As is the case in a wrongful eviction cause of action, \u2018\u2009\u201cThe recovery includes all consequential damages occasioned by the wrongful eviction (personal injury, including infliction of emotional distress, and property damage) \u2026 and, upon a proper showing\u2009\u2026\u2009, punitive damages.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Miles, supra,<\/span>\u00a0236 Cal.App.4th at p. 409.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCivil Code section 2924c\u00a0thus limits the beneficiary\u2019s contractual power of sale by giving the trustor a right to cure a default and reinstate the loan within the stated time, even if the beneficiary does not voluntarily agree. \u2018\u2009\u201cThe law does not require plaintiff to tender the purchase price to a trustee who has no right to sell the property at all.\u201d\u2009\u2019 To adequately plead a cause of action for wrongful foreclosure, all plaintiffs had to allege was that they met their statutory obligation by timely tendering the amount required by\u00a0Civil Code section 2924c\u00a0to stop the foreclosure sale, but [defendant] refused that tender and thus allowed the foreclosure sale to go forward when [defendant] should have accepted their tender and canceled the sale. Plaintiffs did so. If [defendant] had accepted the tender, which [defendant\u2019s employee] stated was sufficient to cure the default, a rescission of the foreclosure sale and reinstatement of the loan was\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">mandatory,<\/span>\u00a0and the subsequent sale was without legal basis and void\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Turner, supra,<\/span>\u00a027 Cal.App.5th at pp. 530\u2013531, original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[A] tender is an\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">offer<\/span>\u00a0of performance\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019 Subdivision (a)(1) of\u00a0Civil Code section 2924c\u00a0provides in pertinent part that \u2018[w]henever all or a portion of the principal sum of any obligation secured by deed of trust \u2026 has \u2026 been declared due by reason of default in payment of interest or of any installment of principal\u2009\u2026\u2009, the trustor \u2026 may pay to the beneficiary \u2026 the entire amount due, at the time payment is tendered \u2026 other than the portion of principal as would not then be due had no default occurred, and thereby cure the default theretofore existing, and thereupon, all proceedings theretofore had or instituted shall be dismissed or discontinued and the obligation and deed of trust \u2026 shall be reinstated and shall be and remain in force and effect\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019 Here, for purposes of\u00a0Civil Code section 2924c, [plaintiff] effectively tendered payment of the amount then due when he told [an agent of defendant] that he would like to pay off the entire amount of the default. Actual submission of a payment was not required.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Turner, supra,<\/span>\u00a027 Cal.App.5th pp. 531\u2013532.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA tender is an unconditional offer to perform an order to extinguish an obligation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Crossroads Investors, L.P. v. Federal National Mortgage Association<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 13 Cal.App.5th 757, 783 [222 Cal.Rptr.3d 1].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe third element\u2014tender\u2014requires the trustor to make \u2018an offer to pay the full amount of the debt for which the property was security.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ram v. OneWest Bank, FSB<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 234 Cal.App.4th 1, 11 [183 Cal.Rptr.3d 638].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018A full tender must be\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">made<\/span>\u00a0to set aside a foreclosure sale, based on equitable principles.\u2019 Courts, however, have not required tender when the lender has not yet foreclosed and has allegedly violated laws related to avoiding the necessity for a foreclosure.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pfeifer v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 1250, 1280 [150 Cal.Rptr.3d 673], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pfeifer<\/span>[,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra,<\/span>\u00a0211 Cal.App.4th 1250] and the other tender cases are inapplicable here because [plaintiff] has not sued to set aside or prevent a foreclosure sale. In the sixth cause of action, he sought to quiet title to the property, which he cannot do without paying the outstanding indebtedness.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lueras v. BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 221 Cal.App.4th 49, 87 [163 Cal.Rptr.3d 804].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cHere, neither the deed of trust nor the governing statutes expressly create a duty on the part of [defendant] to verify that the beneficiary received a valid assignment of the loan or to verify the authority of the person who signed the substitution of trustee. [Plaintiff] has not cited, and we have not discovered, any authority holding a trustee liable for wrongful foreclosure or any other cause of action based on similar purported failures to investigate. To the contrary, the trustee generally \u2018has no duty to take any action except on the express instructions of the parties or as expressly provided in the deed of trust and the applicable statutes.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Citrus El Dorado, LLC, supra,<\/span>\u00a032 Cal.App.5th at pp. 948\u2013949.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>4 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Secured Transactions in Real Property, \u00a7\u2009153 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>5\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 123,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nonjudicial Foreclosure<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009123.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>48\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 555,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trust Deeds and Real Property Mortgages<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009555.54\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 230,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trust Deeds and Real Property Mortgages<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009230.72\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-86k9bf-83c5d934f076127944f7f2fd9ed3d72b hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5mjprv-8203a3899906c530090111d1964c3050\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5mjprv-8203a3899906c530090111d1964c3050 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5mjprv-8203a3899906c530090111d1964c3050 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2299","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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