{"id":2316,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:42","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2316"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:57:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:57:36","slug":"caci-4801-implied-certification-of-compliance-with-all-contractual-provisions-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4801-implied-certification-of-compliance-with-all-contractual-provisions-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4801 Implied Certification of Compliance With All Contractual Provisions\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3ii58s-a5146b7dac1e1300a07b146354e0c266\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3ii58s-a5146b7dac1e1300a07b146354e0c266{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3ii58s-a5146b7dac1e1300a07b146354e0c266 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3ii58s-a5146b7dac1e1300a07b146354e0c266 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3ii58s-a5146b7dac1e1300a07b146354e0c266 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4801 Implied Certification of Compliance With All Contractual Provisions\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3ijbxe-2688bff264f958d2d48748ea1460576c\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3ijbxe-2688bff264f958d2d48748ea1460576c .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3ijbxe-2688bff264f958d2d48748ea1460576c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4801\u00a0Implied Certification of Compliance With All Contractual Provisions\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Under the California False Claims Act, when [a\/an] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify defendant\u2019s status, e.g., vendor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] submits a claim to a public entity for payment on a contract, [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] impliedly certifies that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] has complied with all of the requirements of the contract, not just those relevant to the claim presented. [[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is an individual who brings this action on behalf of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of public entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of public entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is a public entity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] presented a false claim to [it\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of public entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] for payment or approval by falsely certifying by implication that it had complied with the requirements of the contract. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had not complied with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify contractual terms alleged to have been breached<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] when it presented a claim for payment to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of public entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That when [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] submitted its claims for payment, [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] knowingly failed to disclose that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] had not complied with all of the terms of the contract; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s failure to comply with all the terms of the contract was material to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of public entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s decision to make the requested payment to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\u201cKnowingly\u201d means that with respect to the claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">had actual knowledge that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] had failed to disclose [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] noncompliance; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">acted in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of whether [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] had failed to disclose [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] noncompliance; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">acted in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of whether [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] had failed to disclose [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] noncompliance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Proof of specific intent to defraud is not required.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A failure to comply with all the terms of the contract is \u201cmaterial\u201d if it had a natural tendency to influence, or was capable of influencing, the payment or receipt of [money\/property\/services] on the claim. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New May 2018 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Under the California False Claims Act, a vendor impliedly certifies compliance with its express contractual requirements when it bills a public agency for providing goods or services. A False Claims Act action may be based on allegations that the implied certification was false and had a natural tendency to influence the public agency\u2019s decision to pay for the goods or services. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist. ex rel. Contreras v. Laidlaw Transit, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 438, 441 [106 Cal.Rptr.3d 84].)<\/p>\n<p>The vendor must have made the claim knowing that it had failed to disclose noncompliance with all of the terms of the contract. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist. ex rel. Contreras<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 182 Cal.App.4th at pp. 452\u2013453\u00a0[contractor must have the requisite knowledge, rendering the failure to disclose the contractual noncompliance fraudulent]; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Rothschild v. Tyco Internat. (US), Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 83 Cal.App.4th 488, 494\u2013495 [99 Cal.Rptr.2d 721].) While the breach must be material as defined, it does not have to involve the particular contractual provision on which payment is sought. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist. ex rel. Contreras<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 182 Cal.App.4th at pp. 442\u2013444\u00a0[bus company provided school district with student transportation, but did so with buses that did not meet the contractually and legally required safety requirements].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnder the CFCA, a vendor impliedly certifies compliance with its express contractual requirements when it bills a public agency for providing goods or services. Allegations that the implied certification was false and had a natural tendency to influence the public agency\u2019s decision to pay for the goods or services are sufficient to survive a demurrer.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist. ex rel. Contreras<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 182 Cal.App.4th at p. 441.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Defendant] initially argues its claims for payment were not false, because there was no literally false information on the face of the invoices, which identify the routes driven and the charges arising from each route. However, [defendant] ultimately concedes that a section 12651, subdivision (a)(1) false claim need not contain an expressly false statement to be actionable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ex rel.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contreras<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 182 Cal.App.4th at p. 448.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]n alleged falsity satisfies the materiality requirement where it has the \u2018\u2009\u201c\u2009\u2018natural tendency to influence agency action or is capable of influencing agency action.\u2019\u2009\u201d [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ex rel.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contreras<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 182 Cal.App.4th at p. 454.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPlaintiffs further allege that [defendant]\u2019s invoices impliedly certified compliance with the material terms of the Contract, that the terms violated were material, and that the District was unaware of the falsity of [defendant]\u2019s implied certification, resulting in a loss of District funds. Plaintiffs\u2019 allegations are adequate to survive a demurrer. Under the case law discussed above, [defendant]\u2019s implied certification that it had satisfactorily performed its material obligations under the Contract, including provisions designed to protect the health and safety of the student population, had a \u2018\u2009\u201c\u2009\u2018natural tendency\u2019\u2009\u201d\u2009\u2019 to cause the District to make payments it would not have made had it been aware of [defendant]\u2019s noncompliance.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ex rel.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contreras<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 182 Cal.App.4th at p. 455, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOur conclusion that the allegations in the Complaint are sufficient to withstand a demurrer does not mean that every breach of a contract term that is in some sense \u2018material\u2019 necessarily satisfies the materiality requirement for a CFCA claim. That is, a false implied certification relating to a \u2018material\u2019 contract term may not always be \u2018material\u2019 to the government\u2019s decision to pay a contractor. Materiality is a mixed question of law and fact, and a showing in a motion for summary judgment or at trial that the alleged breach would not have affected the payment decision will defeat a CFCA claim.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Francisco Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ex rel.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contreras<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 182 Cal.App.4th at p. 456, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe False Claims Act is not \u2018an all-purpose antifraud statute,\u2019 or a vehicle for punishing garden-variety breaches of contract or regulatory violations. A misrepresentation cannot be deemed material merely because the Government designates compliance with a particular statutory, regulatory, or contractual requirement as a condition of payment. Nor is it sufficient for a finding of materiality that the Government would have the option to decline to pay if it knew of the defendant\u2019s noncompliance. Materiality, in addition, cannot be found where noncompliance is minor or insubstantial.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Universal Health Servs. v. United States ex rel. Escobar<\/span>\u00a0(2016) ___ U.S. ___ [136 S.Ct. 1989, 2003, 195 L.Ed.2d 348]\u00a0[construing similar Federal False Claims Act].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhat matters is not the label the Government attaches to a requirement, but whether the defendant knowingly violated a requirement that the defendant knows is material to the Government\u2019s payment decision.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Universal Health Servs. v. United States<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ex rel.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Escobar<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, ___ U.S. at p. ___ [136 S.Ct. at p. 1994] [construing similar Federal False Claims Act].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u2009884<\/div>\n<div>40\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 468,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Entities and Officers: False Claims Actions,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009468.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-t0pt8-3c275fc0235f562e50b527397ece649a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-iof18-2f7e7dad2c51949499d8a0e1d80c1776\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-iof18-2f7e7dad2c51949499d8a0e1d80c1776 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-iof18-2f7e7dad2c51949499d8a0e1d80c1776 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2316","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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