{"id":2322,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:27","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2322"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:35:42","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:35:42","slug":"caci-4550-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-patent-construction-defect-code-civ-proc-%c2%a7-337-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4550-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-patent-construction-defect-code-civ-proc-%c2%a7-337-1\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4550 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Patent Construction Defect (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3gwmbe-7db1f0f47e99376e785c3daa6fe19028\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3gwmbe-7db1f0f47e99376e785c3daa6fe19028{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3gwmbe-7db1f0f47e99376e785c3daa6fe19028 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3gwmbe-7db1f0f47e99376e785c3daa6fe19028 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3gwmbe-7db1f0f47e99376e785c3daa6fe19028 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4550 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Patent Construction Defect (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.1)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3gxqxd-7a4f30bb16641f7f989f9af3b84f5a1d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3gxqxd-7a4f30bb16641f7f989f9af3b84f5a1d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3gxqxd-7a4f30bb16641f7f989f9af3b84f5a1d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4550\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Patent Construction Defect (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.1)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] harm was caused by a defect in the [design\/specifications\/surveying\/planning\/supervision\/ [or] observation] of [a construction project\/a survey of real property\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify project, e.g., the roof replacement<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]]. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] contends that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s lawsuit was not filed within the time set by law. To succeed on this defense, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove both of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That an average person during the course of a reasonable inspection would have discovered the defect; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the date on which the [construction project\/survey of real property\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify project, e.g., roof replacement<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] was substantially complete was more than four years before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert date<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], the date on which this action was filed. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2011; Revised November 2018 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the defendant asserts the running of the statute of limitations in\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 337.1\u00a0as a defense. This section provides a four-year limitation period from the date of substantial completion for harm caused by a patent construction defect. Do not give this instruction if the claim is for injuries to persons or property based on tort principles occurring in the fourth year after substantial completion. (See\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.1(b).)<\/p>\n<p>For discussion of substantial completion, see the Directions for Use to\u00a0CACI No. 4532,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay<\/span>. See also\u00a0CACI No. 4524,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contractor\u2019s Claim for Compensation Due Under Contract\u2014Substantial Performance<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Code of Civil Procedure section 337.1\u00a0does not apply to construction defect claims within the Right to Repair Act (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009895 et seq.). (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009941(d).) The act applies to all claims for property damage or economic loss except for breach of contract, fraud, personal injury, or violation of a statute. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009943(a); see\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McMillin Albany LLC v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 4 Cal.5th 241, 249 [227 Cal.Rptr.3d 191, 408 P.3d 797]; see also\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009941\u00a0[statute of limitations under Right to Repair Act].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Statute of Limitations for Patent Defects.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 337.1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe statute of limitations in section 337.1 exists to \u2018provide a final point of termination, to protect some groups from extended liability.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Delon Hampton &amp; Associates, Chartered v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 250, 254 [173 Cal.Rptr.3d 407].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] patent defect is one that can be discovered by the kind of inspection made in the exercise of ordinary care and prudence. In contrast, a latent defect is hidden, and would not be discovered by a reasonably careful inspection.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">The Luckman Partnership, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 184 Cal.App.4th 30, 35 [108 Cal.Rptr.3d 606].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe test to determine whether a construction defect is patent is an objective test that asks \u2018whether the average consumer, during the course of a reasonable inspection, would discover the defect. The test assumes that an inspection takes place.\u2019 This test generally presents a question of fact, unless the defect is obvious in the context of common experience; then a determination of patent defect may be made as a matter of law (including on summary judgment).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Creekridge Townhome Owners Assn., Inc. v. C. Scott Whitten, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 251, 256 [99 Cal.Rptr.3d 258], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he [Right to Repair Act] leaves the common law undisturbed in some areas, expressly preserving actions for breach of contract, fraud, and personal injury. In other areas, however, the Legislature\u2019s intent to reshape the rules governing construction defect actions is patent. Where common law principles had foreclosed recovery for defects in the absence of property damage or personal injury the Act supplies a new statutory cause of action for purely economic loss. And, of direct relevance here, even in some areas where the common law had supplied a remedy for construction defects resulting in property damage but not personal injury, the text and legislative history reflect a clear and unequivocal intent to supplant common law negligence and strict product liability actions with a statutory claim under the Act.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McMillin Albany LLC, supra,\u00a0<\/span>4 Cal.5th at p. 249, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091303<\/div>\n<div>4 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Actions, \u00a7\u2009484<\/div>\n<div>12\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 441,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Consumer\u2019s Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009441.08\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 104,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Building Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009104.54,\u00a0104.267\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>19\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 190,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Products Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009190.248\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-r9hky-503ad138d2a265618999ee2f7778d8cd hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6g569u-987d55f4c0aee0a306d64b82460c8e21\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6g569u-987d55f4c0aee0a306d64b82460c8e21 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6g569u-987d55f4c0aee0a306d64b82460c8e21 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2322","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 4550 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Patent Construction Defect (Code Civ. 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