{"id":2323,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:27","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2323"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:36:19","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:36:19","slug":"caci-4551-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-latent-construction-defect-code-civ-proc-%c2%a7-337-15","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4551-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-latent-construction-defect-code-civ-proc-%c2%a7-337-15\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4551 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Latent Construction Defect (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.15)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3gy4ez-570f3b4ed0367c71e550ffa31a8b8089\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3gy4ez-570f3b4ed0367c71e550ffa31a8b8089{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3gy4ez-570f3b4ed0367c71e550ffa31a8b8089 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3gy4ez-570f3b4ed0367c71e550ffa31a8b8089 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3gy4ez-570f3b4ed0367c71e550ffa31a8b8089 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4551 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Latent Construction Defect (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.15)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3gz8cu-289d80829e81c7e0fceb410ad5e18d3a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3gz8cu-289d80829e81c7e0fceb410ad5e18d3a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3gz8cu-289d80829e81c7e0fceb410ad5e18d3a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4551\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Latent Construction Defect (Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.15)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] contends that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s lawsuit was not filed within the time set by law. To succeed on this defense, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that the date on which the [construction project\/survey of real property\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify project, e.g., roof replacement<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] was substantially complete was more than 10 years before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert date<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], the date on which this action was filed. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2011; Revised November 2018 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the defendant asserts the running of the statute of limitations in\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 337.15\u00a0as a defense. This section provides a 10-year outside limitation period for harm caused by a latent construction defect regardless of delayed discovery.<\/p>\n<p>The jury may also be instructed on the limitations periods for the particular theories of recovery alleged. (See, e.g.,\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u00a7\u2009338\u00a0[three years for injury to real property], 337 [four years for breach of written contract].) However, for latent defects, delayed discovery (see\u00a0CACI No. 455,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Statute of Limitations\u2014Delayed Discovery<\/span>) generally defeats that otherwise applicable statute.<\/p>\n<p>The most likely question of fact for the jury is the date of substantial completion. The statute provides four possible events, the earliest of which may constitute substantial completion of an improvement. (See\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.15(g).) The latest date is one year from cessation of all work on the improvement. However, substantial completion of an improvement may occur before any of these dates. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nelson v. Gorian &amp; Assocs.<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 61 Cal.App.4th 93, 97 [71 Cal.Rptr.2d 345].) The statute of limitations may start to run at a later date against the developer if the development includes many improvements. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id.<\/span>\u00a0at p. 99; cf.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Schwetz v. Minnerly<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 296, 298 [269 Cal.Rptr. 417]\u00a0[\u201cdeveloper\u201d can be an \u201cimprover\u201d and a \u201cdevelopment\u201d is a \u201cwork of improvement\u201d for purposes of subsection (g)].) For further discussion of substantial completion, see the Directions for Use to\u00a0CACI No. 4532,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay<\/span>. See also\u00a0CACI No. 4524,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contractor\u2019s Claim for Compensation Due Under Contract\u2014Substantial Performance<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Code of Civil Procedure section 337.15\u00a0does not apply to construction defect claims within the Right to Repair Act (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009895 et seq.). (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009941(d).) The act applies to all claims for property damage or economic loss except for breach of contract, fraud, personal injury, or violation of a statute. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009943(a); see\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McMillin Albany LLC v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 4 Cal.5th 241, 249 [227 Cal.Rptr.3d 191, 408 P.3d 797]; see also\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u2009941\u00a0[statute of limitations under Right to Repair Act].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Statute of Limitations: Latent Defects.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 337.15.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe purpose of section 337.15 has been stated as \u2018to protect developers of real estate against liability extending indefinitely into the future.\u2019\u2009\u2026\u2009[We have] noted that \u2018[a] contractor is in the business of constructing improvements and must devote his capital to that end; the need to provide reserves against an uncertain liability extending indefinitely into the future could seriously impinge upon the conduct of his enterprise.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Martinez v. Traubner<\/span>\u00a0(1982) 32 Cal.3d 755, 760 [187 Cal.Rptr. 251, 653 P.2d 1046], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA \u2018latent\u2019 construction defect is one that is \u2018not apparent by reasonable inspection.\u2019 As to a latent defect that is alleged in the context of the challenged causes of action here\u2014negligence, breach of warranty, and breach of contract\u2014three statutes of limitations are in play: sections 338, 337 and 337.15. \u2018The interplay between these [three] statutes sets up a two-step process: (1) actions for a latent defect must be filed within three years (\u00a7\u2009338 [injury to real property]) or four years (\u00a7\u2009337 [breach of written contract]) of discovery, but (2) in any event must be filed within ten years (\u00a7\u2009337.15) of substantial completion.\u2019\u2009\u201d(<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Creekridge Townhome Owners Assn., Inc. v. C. Scott Whitten, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 251, 257\u2013258 [99 Cal.Rptr.3d 258], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe test to determine whether a construction defect is patent is an objective test that asks \u2018whether the average consumer, during the course of a reasonable inspection, would discover the defect. The test assumes that an inspection takes place.\u2019 This test generally presents a question of fact, unless the defect is obvious in the context of common experience; then a determination of patent defect may be made as a matter of law (including on summary judgment).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Creekridge Townhome Owners Assn., Inc.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 177 Cal.App.4th at p. 256, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOur reading of the express words of section 337.15, our giving consideration to its legislative history, and harmonizing that section in the context of the statutory framework as a whole, leads us to conclude that section 337.15 does not limit the time within which direct actions for personal injury damages or wrongful death may be brought against the persons specified in the statute.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Martinez<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 32 Cal.3d at p. 759.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe 10-year period commences to run in respect to a person who has contributed towards \u2018an improvement\u2019 when such improvement has been substantially completed irrespective of whether or not the improvement is part of a development.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liptak v. Diane Apartments, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1980) 109 Cal.App.3d 762, 772 [167 Cal.Rptr. 440].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn 1981, the Legislature codified the holding in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liptak<\/span>\u00a0by adding subdivision (g) to section 337.15. \u2018The Senate Committee on Judiciary and the Senate Republican Caucus digests for the bill that became\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 337.15, subdivision (g)\u00a0state in pertinent part: \u201c\u2009\u2018In [<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liptak<\/span>], the [C]ourt of [A]ppeal held that with respect to a developer, the ten-year limitation period does not commence until the development is substantially completed. [\u00b6] With respect to a person who has contributed to an improvement on the developed property, the court held that the period commences when that particular improvement has been substantially completed, regardless of the completion time of the development itself. [\u00b6] AB 605 would codify the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liptak<\/span>\u00a0holding on these issues.\u2019\u2009\u201d [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nelson<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 61 Cal.App.4th at pp. 96\u201397, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTurning to the plain meaning of the statute as well as the legislative intent of enactment of section 337.15, subdivision (g), it is clear the intent was to define what event triggered the 10-year period and not what label is used to define the person who performed the work of improvement. The particular development or work of improvement can be one \u2018improvement\u2019 such as grading. It can also be a \u2018particular development,\u2019 i.e., a completed structure or dwelling. When the work of improvement meets one of the four criteria of section 337.15, subdivision (g), the \u2018improver\u2019\u2014whether an architect, engineer, subcontractor, contractor, or developer\u2014is entitled to raise the provisions of section 337.15, subdivision (g), as a bar to an action which seeks damages for latent defects after the 10-year period has passed.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Schwetz<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 220 Cal.App.3d at p. 308.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAppellants claim that the 10-year period is calculated pursuant to section 337.15, subdivision (g)(1)\u2013(4), which describes four events: (1) a final inspection, (2) the notice of completion, (3) use or occupancy of the property, or (4) termination or cessation of work for one year. Subdivision (g), however, states that the 10-year period \u2018<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">shall commence upon substantial completion of the improvement<\/span>, but not later than\u2019 the occurrence of any one of the four events described in subdivision (g)(1) through (g)(4).\u2009\u2026 [\u00b6] The trial court correctly ruled that the notice of completion date (\u00a7\u2009337.15, subd. (g)(2)) did not control if the improvement was substantially completed at an earlier date.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nelson<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 61 Cal.App.4th at p. 97, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018As used in section 337.15 \u201can improvement\u201d is in the singular and refers separately to each of the individual changes or additions to real property that qualifies as an \u201cimprovement\u201d irrespective of whether the change or addition is grading and filling, putting in curbs and streets, laying storm drains or of other nature.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nelson<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 61 Cal.App.4th at p. 97.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe purpose of section 337.15 and its definition of the \u2018substantial completion\u2019 that begins the running of the 10-year period make clear that the statute\u2019s protection applies to claims for damage due to defects in how an improvement was designed and constructed, not to claims based on how the improvement was used\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">after<\/span>\u00a0its construction is complete and independent of the manner in which it was designed and constructed.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Estuary Owners Assn. v. Shell Oil Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 13 Cal.App.5th 899, 915 [221 Cal.Rptr.3d 190], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he [Right to Repair Act] leaves the common law undisturbed in some areas, expressly preserving actions for breach of contract, fraud, and personal injury. In other areas, however, the Legislature\u2019s intent to reshape the rules governing construction defect actions is patent. Where common law principles had foreclosed recovery for defects in the absence of property damage or personal injury the Act supplies a new statutory cause of action for purely economic loss. And, of direct relevance here, even in some areas where the common law had supplied a remedy for construction defects resulting in property damage but not personal injury, the text and legislative history reflect a clear and unequivocal intent to supplant common law negligence and strict product liability actions with a statutory claim under the Act.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McMillin Albany LLC, supra,\u00a0<\/span>4 Cal.5th at p. 249, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>4 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Actions, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009488, 608\u2013616<\/div>\n<div>12 California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 441,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Consumer\u2019s Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009441.08A (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 104,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Building Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009104.25[4],\u00a0104.267\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>14\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 143,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Limitation of Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009143.49\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7cnfwj-de90bd560b0430bd02c8e8a52f706a6c hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6cvpvn-27635946bb4a46f72b1b516cb11ca97d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6cvpvn-27635946bb4a46f72b1b516cb11ca97d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6cvpvn-27635946bb4a46f72b1b516cb11ca97d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2323","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 4551 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Latent Construction Defect (Code Civ. 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