{"id":2325,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:27","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2325"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:37:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:37:37","slug":"caci-4552-affirmative-defense-work-completed-and-accepted-patent-defect","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4552-affirmative-defense-work-completed-and-accepted-patent-defect\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4552 Affirmative Defense\u2014Work Completed and Accepted\u2014Patent Defect"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3gzl92-bc9616b45bef4a59a58caf4c2e375f65\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3gzl92-bc9616b45bef4a59a58caf4c2e375f65{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3gzl92-bc9616b45bef4a59a58caf4c2e375f65 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3gzl92-bc9616b45bef4a59a58caf4c2e375f65 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3gzl92-bc9616b45bef4a59a58caf4c2e375f65 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4552 Affirmative Defense\u2014Work Completed and Accepted\u2014Patent Defect<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3h0qqs-61ba52d6e2a312e53520e1f8be388b8d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3h0qqs-61ba52d6e2a312e53520e1f8be388b8d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3h0qqs-61ba52d6e2a312e53520e1f8be388b8d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4552\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Work Completed and Accepted\u2014Patent Defect<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] harm was caused by a defect in the [design\/specifications\/surveying\/planning\/supervision\/ [or] observation] of [a construction project\/a survey of real property\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify project, e.g., the roof replacement<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]]. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] contends that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] is not responsible for the defect because the project was completed and the work was accepted by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of owner<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To succeed on this defense, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] completed all of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] work on the project;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of owner<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] accepted [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s work; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That an average person during the course of a reasonable inspection would have discovered the defect. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2013 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction to present the affirmative defense of \u201ccompleted and accepted.\u201d Under this defense a party under contract for a construction project is not liable in negligence for injury caused by a patent construction defect once the project has been completed and the owner has accepted the project. See also\u00a0CACI No. 4550,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Patent Construction Defect<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The defense applies if the work on the project component that caused the injury has been completed and accepted, even if the contractor continues to work on other components of the project. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jones v. P.S. Development Co., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 166 Cal.App.4th 707, 717 [82 Cal.Rptr.3d 882], disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reid v. Google, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 50 Cal.4th 512, 113 Cal.Rptr.3d 327, 235 P.3d 988].) Modify element 1 if necessary to reflect this situation. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[W]hen a contractor completes work that is accepted by the owner, the contractor is not liable to third parties injured as a result of the condition of the work, even if the contractor was negligent in performing the contract, unless the defect in the work was latent or concealed. [Citation.] The rationale for this doctrine is that an owner has a duty to inspect the work and ascertain its safety, and thus the owner\u2019s acceptance of the work shifts liability for its safety to the owner, provided that a reasonable inspection would disclose the defect. [Citation.]\u2019 Stated another way, \u2018when the owner has accepted a structure from the contractor, the owner\u2019s failure to attempt to remedy an obviously dangerous defect is an intervening cause for which the contractor is not liable.\u2019 The doctrine applies to patent defects, but not latent defects. \u2018If an owner, fulfilling the duty of inspection, cannot discover the defect, then the owner cannot effectively represent to the world that the construction is sufficient; he lacks adequate information to do so.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Neiman v. Leo A. Daly Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 962, 969 [148 Cal.Rptr.3d 818], footnote and internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Parties for whom work contracted for is undertaken, must see to it before acceptance, that the work, as to strength and durability, and all other particulars necessary to the safety of the property and persons of third parties, is subjected to proper tests, and that it is sufficient. By acceptance and subsequent use, the owners assume to the world the responsibility of its sufficiency, and to third parties, the liability of the contractors has ceased, and their own commenced.\u2019 In other words, having a duty to inspect the work and ascertain its safety before accepting it, the owner\u2019s acceptance represents it to be safe and the owner becomes liable for its safety.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sanchez v. Swinerton &amp; Walberg Co.\u00a0<\/span>(1996) 47 Cal.App.4th 1461, 1466 [55 Cal.Rptr.2d 415], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe fact the project did not comply with the plans and specifications or [defendant] may not have fulfilled all of its duties to [owner] under the agreement, does not mean the project was not completed.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Neiman, supra,\u00a0<\/span>210 Cal.App.4th at p. 970.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs there is no evidence that respondents retained control over the machine [that caused injury], we conclude that they are not liable for [plaintiff]\u2019s injuries.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jones, supra,<\/span>\u00a0166 Cal.App.4th at p. 718.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] patent defect is one that can be discovered by the kind of inspection made in the exercise of ordinary care and prudence. In contrast, a latent defect is hidden, and would not be discovered by a reasonably careful inspection.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">The Luckman Partnership, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 184 Cal.App.4th 30, 35 [108 Cal.Rptr.3d 606].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe test to determine whether a construction defect is patent is an objective test that asks \u2018whether the average consumer, during the course of a reasonable inspection, would discover the defect. The test assumes that an inspection takes place.\u2019 This test generally presents a question of fact, unless the defect is obvious in the context of common experience; then a determination of patent defect may be made as a matter of law (including on summary judgment).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Creekridge Townhome Owners Assn., Inc. v. C. Scott Whitten, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 251, 256 [99 Cal.Rptr.3d 258], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u2009227<\/div>\n<div>3 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Actions, \u00a7\u2009606<\/div>\n<div>12\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 441,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Consumers\u2019 Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009441.01\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 104,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Building Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009104.41\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>17\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 178,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009178.94\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-84oqs5-f25a4f7ac2c68f72df2acc8cd7d28f23 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ndbad-040312f78af0774b4093ec38836d2ce3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ndbad-040312f78af0774b4093ec38836d2ce3 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ndbad-040312f78af0774b4093ec38836d2ce3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2325","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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