{"id":2338,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2338"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:19:18","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:19:18","slug":"caci-4501-owners-liability-for-failing-to-disclose-important-information-regarding-a-construction-project-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4501-owners-liability-for-failing-to-disclose-important-information-regarding-a-construction-project-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4501 Owner\u2019s Liability for Failing to Disclose Important Information Regarding a Construction Project\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3fuhhr-03a0d35a0108a8d3b75a88a35642b885\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3fuhhr-03a0d35a0108a8d3b75a88a35642b885{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3fuhhr-03a0d35a0108a8d3b75a88a35642b885 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3fuhhr-03a0d35a0108a8d3b75a88a35642b885 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3fuhhr-03a0d35a0108a8d3b75a88a35642b885 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4501 Owner\u2019s Liability for Failing to Disclose Important Information Regarding a Construction Project\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3fvpjn-4946d5196038dab79c08be864523d98f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3fvpjn-4946d5196038dab79c08be864523d98f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3fvpjn-4946d5196038dab79c08be864523d98f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4501\u00a0Owner\u2019s Liability for Failing to Disclose Important Information Regarding a Construction Project\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that<\/span>\u00a0[<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it<\/span>]\u00a0<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">was harmed because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] failed to disclose important information regarding [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify information that defendant failed to disclose or concealed, e.g., tidal conditions at the project site<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] submitted [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] bid or agreed to perform without information regarding [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., tidal conditions<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] that materially affected performance costs;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had this information, and was aware that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not know it and had no reason to obtain it;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] failed to provide this information;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the contract plans and specifications or other information furnished by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] misled [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] or did not put [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] on notice to investigate further;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed because of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s failure to disclose the information.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] does not have to prove that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intended to conceal the information. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2010; Revised June 2011 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if a contractor claims that the owner had important information regarding the project that it failed to disclose, and as a result, the contractor incurred greater costs than anticipated. Also give\u00a0CACI No. 303,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Breach of Contract\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, for other contested elements of a breach-of-contract claim.<\/p>\n<p>With regard to undisclosed information, there is liability only if the failure to disclose materially affected the cost of performance and actually and justifiably misled the contractor in bidding on the contract. It is not necessary to show a fraudulent intent to conceal. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Los Angeles Unified School Dist. v. Great American Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 49 Cal.4th 739, 745 [112 Cal.Rptr.3d 230, 234 P.3d 490].)<\/p>\n<p>This instruction applies principally to public owners awarding fixed price construction contracts to contractors required to submit bids based on information provided by the public owner.\u00a0Government Code section 818.8\u00a0relieves public owners from tort liability for concealment and similar tortious conduct. However, public owners remain liable in contract. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Warner Constr. Corp. v. L.A.<\/span>\u00a0(1970) 2 Cal.3d 285, 294 [85 Cal.Rptr. 444, 466 P.2d 996].) Private owners remain liable in tort for concealment of important facts. (See\u00a0CACI No. 1901,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Concealment<\/span>.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] contractor need not prove an affirmative fraudulent intent to conceal. Rather \u2026 a public entity may be required to provide extra compensation if it knew, but failed to disclose, material facts that would affect the contractor\u2019s bid or performance. Because public entities do not insure contractors against their own negligence, relief for nondisclosure is appropriate only when (1) the contractor submitted its bid or undertook to perform without material information that affected performance costs; (2) the public entity was in possession of the information and was aware the contractor had no knowledge of, nor any reason to obtain, such information; (3) any contract specifications or other information furnished by the public entity to the contractor misled the contractor or did not put it on notice to inquire; and (4) the public entity failed to provide the relevant information.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Los Angeles Unified School Dist.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 49 Cal.4th at p. 745.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe circumstances affecting recovery may include, but are not limited to, positive warranties or disclaimers made by either party, the information provided by the plans and specifications and related documents, the difficulty of detecting the condition in question, any time constraints the public entity imposed on proposed bidders, and any unwarranted assumptions made by the contractor. The public entity may not be held liable for failing to disclose information a reasonable contractor in like circumstances would or should have discovered on its own, but may be found liable when the totality of the circumstances is such that the public entity knows, or has reason to know, a responsible contractor acting diligently would be unlikely to discover the condition that materially increased the cost of performance.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Los Angeles Unified School Dist.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 49 Cal.4th at p. 754.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[E]stablished law provides public entities substantial protection against careless bidding practices by contractors and forecloses the possibility that a public entity will be held liable when a contractor\u2019s own lack of diligence prevented it from fully appreciating the costs of performance. This being so, protection against careless bidding practices does not require that we allow contractors damaged by a public entity\u2019s misleading nondisclosure to recover only on a showing the public entity harbored a fraudulent intent.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Los Angeles Unified School Dist.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 49 Cal.4th at p. 752.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNondisclosure is actionable \u2026 only if the information at issue materially affects the cost of performance\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Los Angeles Unified School Dist.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 49 Cal.4th at p. 753.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn transactions which do not involve fiduciary or confidential relations, a cause of action for non-disclosure of material facts may arise in at least three instances: (1) the defendant makes representations but does not disclose facts which materially qualify the facts disclosed, or which render his disclosure likely to mislead; (2) the facts are known or accessible only to defendant, and defendant knows they are not known to or reasonably discoverable by the plaintiff; (3) the defendant actively conceals discovery from the plaintiff.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Warner Constr. Corp.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 2 Cal.3d at p. 294, footnotes omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBut this does not mean \u2026 that City could be liable simply by failing to supply complete plans and specifications. It does mean that careless failure to disclose information may form the basis for an implied warranty claim if the defendant possesses superior knowledge inaccessible to the contractor or where that which was disclosed is likely to mislead in the absence of the undisclosed information\u2009\u2026\u2009. Thus,\u2009\u2026 the general rule [is] that silence alone is not actionable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Thompson Pacific Construction, Inc. v. City of Sunnyvale<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 525, 552 [66 Cal.Rptr.3d 175], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt would be inequitable to permit defendant to enforce the literal terms of the contract which called for the excavation of \u2018all materials\u2019 necessary to complete the job when plaintiffs were induced by defendant\u2019s misrepresentation to submit a bid which was much lower than was warranted by the true facts. If instead of stating in the specifications that [contractor] would excavate to rough grade, defendant had stated the true facts of which it had knowledge\u2014that [contractor] was obligated by contract to excavate no lower than five feet above grade\u2014the present situation would not have arisen. Having failed to impart this knowledge to plaintiffs and having willfully or carelessly misrepresented the true situation, defendant is obligated to plaintiffs for the additional work occasioned.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gogo v. Los Angeles County Flood Control Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1941) 45 Cal.App.2d 334, 341\u2013342 [114 P.2d 65].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is the general rule that by failing to impart its knowledge of difficulties to be encountered in a project, the owner will be liable for misrepresentation if the contractor is unable to perform according to the contract provisions. [\u00b6] In a factually similar case, the contractor encountered \u2018unusual quantities of quicksand and extensive subsoil water conditions which had not been shown on the plans or specifications \u2026 information as to which, although known to it, had been withheld by the city.\u2019 An award of damages was affirmed because \u2026 \u2018[t]he withholding by the city of its knowledge \u2026 resulting in excessive cost of construction, forms actionable basis for plaintiff\u2019s claim for damages.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Salinas v. Souza &amp; McCue Constr. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1967) 66 Cal.2d 217, 222\u2013223 [57 Cal.Rptr. 337, 424 P.2d 921], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cHere, the city argues that provisions in the contract specifications requiring that the bidders \u2018examine carefully the site of the work,\u2019 and stating that it is \u2018mutually agreed that the submission of a proposal shall be considered prima facie evidence that the bidder has made such examination,\u2019 prevents a holding that the city is liable for the consequences of its fraudulent representation. However, even if the language had specifically directed the bidders to examine\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">subsoil<\/span>\u00a0conditions, which it did not, it is clear that such general provisions cannot excuse a governmental agency for its active concealment of conditions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Salinas<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 66 Cal.2d at p. 223, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA fraudulent concealment often composes the basis for an action in tort, but tort actions for misrepresentation against public agencies are barred by\u00a0Government Code section 818.8. Plaintiff retains, however, a cause of action in contract. \u2018It is the general rule that by failing to impart its knowledge of difficulties to be encountered in a project, the owner will be liable for misrepresentation if the contractor is unable to perform according to the contract provisions.\u2019 As explained in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Souza &amp; McCue Construction Co. v. Superior Court<\/span>,\u2009\u2026\u2009: \u2018This rule is mainly based on the theory that the furnishing of misleading plans and specifications by the public body constitutes a breach of an implied warranty of their correctness. The fact that a breach is fraudulent does not make the rule inapplicable.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Warner Constr. Corp.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 2 Cal.3d at pp. 293\u2013294, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnder general principles of contract and tort law, a party who conceals or fails to disclose material information to another is liable for fraud. In the public construction contract context, however, the conduct of a public agency which would otherwise amount to a tortuous [sic] misrepresentation is treated as a breach of contract. The underlying theory is that providing misleading plans and specifications constitutes a breach of the implied warranty of correctness. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Howard Contracting, Inc. v. G. A. MacDonald Construction Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 71 Cal.App.4th 38, 55 [83 Cal.Rptr.2d 590].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen there is no misrepresentation of factual matters within the state\u2019s knowledge or withholding of material information, and when both parties have equal access to information as to the nature of the tests which resulted in the state\u2019s findings, the contractor may not claim in the face of a pertinent disclaimer that the presentation of the information, or a reasonable summary thereof, amounts to a warranty of the conditions that will actually be found.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wunderlich v. State<\/span>\u00a0(1967) 65 Cal.2d 777, 786\u2013787 [56 Cal.Rptr. 473, 423 P.2d 545].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThus, [contractor]\u2019s entitlement to recover for extra work performed in connection with the fire alarm contract does not turn upon the issuance of written change orders. Because the extra work on the fire alarm contract was necessitated by incorrect plans and specifications furnished by the District, under settled law [contractor] was entitled to recover for said work.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">G. Voskanian Construction, Inc. v. Alhambra Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 204 Cal.App.4th 981, 992 [139 Cal.Rptr.3d 286].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u20091035<\/div>\n<div>1 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 6,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Contracts: Disputes and Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u20096.73\u20136.76<\/div>\n<div>5 Stein, Construction Law, Ch. 18,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Warranties<\/span>, \u00b6\u200918.02 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>12\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 440,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Construction Contract Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009440.15\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 104,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Building Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009104.24\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>42\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 481,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Works<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009481.311\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Miller &amp; Starr, California Real Estate 4th, \u00a7\u00a7\u200927:63\u201327:64 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Acret, California Construction Law Manual (6th ed.) \u00a7\u20097:12 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Bruner &amp; O\u2019Connor on Construction Law, \u00a7\u20099:92 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Gibbs &amp; Hunt, California Construction Law (Aspen Pub. 16th ed. 1999) Ch. 4,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Breach of Contract by Owner<\/span>, \u00a7\u20094.06<\/div>\n<div>Kamine, Public Works Construction Manual (BNI Publications, Inc. 1996) Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Extra Work and the Changes Clause<\/span>, pp. 99\u2013100<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7e0qlu-8c50133c1888a8e92595dbbfd209b88d hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-58x3rm-adf9f8b609433b24e5b90912c9fd28cb\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-58x3rm-adf9f8b609433b24e5b90912c9fd28cb .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-58x3rm-adf9f8b609433b24e5b90912c9fd28cb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2338","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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