{"id":2342,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2342"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:22:56","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:22:56","slug":"caci-4521-owners-claim-that-contract-procedures-regarding-change-orders-were-not-followed","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4521-owners-claim-that-contract-procedures-regarding-change-orders-were-not-followed\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4521 Owner\u2019s Claim That Contract Procedures Regarding Change Orders Were Not Followed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3g38l3-60d54d117d98a599839a307107eec330\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3g38l3-60d54d117d98a599839a307107eec330{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3g38l3-60d54d117d98a599839a307107eec330 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3g38l3-60d54d117d98a599839a307107eec330 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3g38l3-60d54d117d98a599839a307107eec330 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4521 Owner\u2019s Claim That Contract Procedures Regarding Change Orders Were Not Followed<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span 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itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3g4d1i-d18a7f7af9f8e997917cacbae768e692\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3g4d1i-d18a7f7af9f8e997917cacbae768e692 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3g4d1i-d18a7f7af9f8e997917cacbae768e692 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4521\u00a0Owner\u2019s Claim That Contract Procedures Regarding Change Orders Were Not Followed<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The contract between the parties provided for certain procedures that had to be followed if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] wanted to be paid for changed or additional work that was not required by the contract. These procedures are called \u201cchange-order requirements.\u201d [The change-order requirements of the contract provide as follows: [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] seeks additional compensation beyond that provided for in the contract for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify, e.g., fill and grading<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify, e.g., the soil conditions at the project site were not as represented<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] failed to comply with the contract\u2019s change-order requirements, and that therefore [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] is not entitled to payment for the changed or additional work that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] performed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To obtain additional compensation, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] [followed\/was excused from having to follow] the change-order requirements. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2010 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction should be given if the owner claims that the contract required the contractor to request a change order for any claimed changed or additional work before performing the work as a condition precedent to being permitted to assert a claim for additional compensation. It is an adaptation of\u00a0CACI No. 321,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Existence of Condition Precedent Disputed<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No. 322,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Occurrence of Agreed Condition Precedent<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The owner\u2019s claim for strict compliance with the contract\u2019s change-order procedures is potentially subject to several recognized defenses, including waiver (see\u00a0CACI No. 4522,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work<\/span>), estoppel, and oral modification (see\u00a0CACI No. 313,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Modification<\/span>;\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091698;\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Girard v. Ball<\/span>\u00a0(1981) 125 Cal.App.3d 772, 785 [178 Cal.Rptr. 406].) If one of these defenses is asserted, select \u201cwas excused from having to follow\u201d in the last paragraph and give the appropriate instruction on the excuse from performance that is at issue. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Modification of Contract.\u00a0Civil Code section 1698.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia courts generally have upheld the necessity of compliance with contractual provisions regarding written \u2018change orders\u2019.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weeshoff Constr. Co. v. Los Angeles County Flood Control Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 88 Cal.App.3d 579, 589 [152 Cal.Rptr. 19].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is frequently provided that change orders for extra work must be in writing.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">In the absence of a waiver or modification<\/span>, no recovery can be had for alterations or extra work performed without compliance with such a provision.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">G. Voskanian Construction, Inc. v. Alhambra Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 204 Cal.App.4th 981, 987 [139 Cal.Rptr.3d 286], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCompliance with contractual provisions for written orders is indispensible in order to recover for alleged extra work.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Acoustics, Inc. v. Trepte Construction<\/span>\u00a0(1971) 14 Cal.App.3d 887, 912 [92 Cal.Rptr. 723].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is elementary a plaintiff suing for breach of contract must prove it has performed all conditions on its part or that it was excused from performance. Similarly, where defendant\u2019s duty to perform under the contract is conditioned on the happening of some event, the plaintiff must prove the event transpired.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Consolidated World Investments, Inc. v. Lido Preferred Ltd.<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 9 Cal.App.4th 373, 380 [11 Cal.Rptr.2d 524], internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u2009155<\/div>\n<div>1 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 5,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Private Contracts: Disputes and Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u20095.44<\/div>\n<div>1 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 6,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Contracts: Disputes and Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u20096.65, 6.67<\/div>\n<div>2 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 9,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Handling Disputes During Construction<\/span>, \u00a7\u20099.68<\/div>\n<div>1 Stein, Construction Law, Ch. 3,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Construction and Design Contracts<\/span>, \u00b6\u2009\u20093.05 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 104,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Building Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009104.15\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>5 California Points and Authorities, Ch. 50,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200950.40 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 30D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Construction Contracts and Subcontracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200930D.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Contract Litigation, Ch.15,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Attacking or Defending Existence of Contract\u2014Failure to Comply With Applicable Formalities<\/span>, 15.25<\/div>\n<div>Miller &amp; Starr, California Real Estate 4th, \u00a7\u00a7\u200927:61, 27:65 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Acret, California Construction Law Manual (6th ed.) \u00a7\u20097:34 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Bruner &amp; O\u2019Connor on Construction Law, \u00a7\u00a7\u20094:35\u20134:47 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Kamine, Public Works Construction Manual (BNI Publications, Inc. 1996) Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Extra Work and the Changes Clause<\/span>, pp. 100\u2013103<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7yzmja-e575258928434ca275d2f213465fff92 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5suhdy-dd8f071e42d21225ed485d79f288a6b4\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5suhdy-dd8f071e42d21225ed485d79f288a6b4 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5suhdy-dd8f071e42d21225ed485d79f288a6b4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2342","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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