{"id":2344,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2344"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:23:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:23:31","slug":"caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3g4r5k-f26e815de3fbce840391fa8e518e3a66\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3g4r5k-f26e815de3fbce840391fa8e518e3a66{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3g4r5k-f26e815de3fbce840391fa8e518e3a66 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3g4r5k-f26e815de3fbce840391fa8e518e3a66 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3g4r5k-f26e815de3fbce840391fa8e518e3a66 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3g5uu2-8365b9cbb980854e3c01bdc235d85407\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3g5uu2-8365b9cbb980854e3c01bdc235d85407 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3g5uu2-8365b9cbb980854e3c01bdc235d85407 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4522\u00a0Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The contract between the parties required [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [to obtain [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s written approval\/to give written notice to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] in order to be paid for changed or additional work that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] performed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] failed to comply with the contract\u2019s [written approval\/ notice] requirements, and that therefore [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is not entitled to payment for the changed or additional work that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] performed. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] was not required to comply with the contract\u2019s [written approval\/notice] requirement because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] gave up [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] right to insist on [written approval\/notice]. Giving up a contract right is called a \u201cwaiver.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To succeed on this waiver claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove [by clear and convincing evidence] that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] freely and knowingly gave up [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] right to require [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to follow the contract\u2019s [written approval\/notice] requirements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A waiver may be oral or written or may arise from conduct that shows [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] clearly gave up that right. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2010; Revised June 2011 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is a variation of\u00a0CACI No. 336,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Waiver<\/span>. Use of this instruction is almost certainly limited to private contract disputes. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">P&amp;D Consultants, Inc. v. City of Carlsbad<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 190 Cal.App.4th 1332, 1344 [119 Cal.Rptr.3d 253]\u00a0[public contract change-order requirements not subject to oral modification or modification by conduct]; cf.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weeshoff Constr. Co. v. Los Angeles County Flood Control Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 88 Cal.App.3d 579, 589 [152 Cal.Rptr. 19]\u00a0[public agency may waive written change order requirements].)<\/p>\n<p>When a contractor asserts a claim for compensation for changed or additional work (see\u00a0CACI No. 4520,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contractor\u2019s Claim for Changed or Extra Work<\/span>), the owner may assert that the contractor is not entitled to payment because it failed to obtain the owner\u2019s written approval or failed to give written notice before performing the changed or additional work. (See\u00a0CACI No. 4521,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Owner\u2019s Claim That Contract Procedures Regarding Change Orders Were Not Followed<\/span>.) The contractor is entitled to counter this defense by showing that the owner expressly or impliedly waived the contract\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\n<p>The general rule of contract law is that waiver must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ukiah v. Fones<\/span>\u00a0(1966) 64 Cal.2d 104, 107\u2013108 [48 Cal.Rptr. 865, 410 P.2d 369].) Some construction law cases, however, have not mentioned this requirement, though there was no discussion of the burden of proof. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Healy v. Brewster<\/span>\u00a0(1967) 251 Cal.App.2d 541, 552 [59 Cal.Rptr. 752];\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Howard J. White, Inc. v. Varian Associates<\/span>\u00a0(1960) 178 Cal.App.2d 348, 353\u2013355 [2 Cal.Rptr. 871].) If the clear-and-convincing-evidence requirement is included, also give\u00a0CACI No. 201,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Highly Probable\u2014Clear and Convincing Proof<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Modification of Contract.\u00a0Civil Code section 1698.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Enforceability of Change Orders.\u00a0Business and Professions Code section 7159.6\u00a0(applicable to \u201chome improvement contractors\u201d as defined in\u00a0Business and Professions Code section 7150.1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[W]aiver is the intentional relinquishment of a known right after knowledge of the facts.\u2019\u2009\u2026\u2009The burden \u2026 is on the party claiming a waiver of a right to prove it by clear and convincing evidence that does not leave the matter to speculation, and \u2018doubtful cases will be decided against a waiver.\u2019\u2009\u2026\u2009The waiver may be either express, based on the words of the waiving party, or implied, based on conduct indicating an intent to relinquish the right.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Waller v. Truck Ins. Exchange, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 11 Cal.4th 1, 31 [44 Cal.Rptr.2d 370, 900 P.2d 619], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is settled law that the parties may by their conduct waive the requirement of a written contract that no extra work shall be done except upon written order.\u2009\u2026 [\u00b6\u00b6] \u2018Waiver may be shown by conduct, and it may be the result of an act which, according to its natural import, is so inconsistent with the intent to enforce the right in question as to induce a reasonable belief that such right has been relinquished.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Howard J. White, Inc.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 178 Cal.App.2d at pp. 353\u2013355.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere the terms of a written contract require that extra work be approved in writing, such provision may be altered or waived by an executed oral modification of the contract.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Healy<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 251 Cal.App.2d at p. 552, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Defendant] places reliance on the provision of the subcontract which provides that any work involving extra compensation shall not be proceeded with unless written authority is given by [defendant]. But under\u00a0section 1698 of the Civil Code, an executed oral agreement may alter an agreement in writing, even though, as here, the original contract provides that extra work must be approved in writing. The oral request for and approval of extra work by [defendant] was, when fully performed, an oral modification of the written June 8th subcontract.\u2009\u2026 [\u00b6] Whether a written contract has been modified by an executed oral agreement is a question of fact, and the finding, in the instant case, is supported by substantial evidence.\u2009\u2026 [\u00b6] Defendant cannot be heard to say that a written order was not first obtained as required under the subcontract. [Defendant] by its acts and conduct waived and is estopped to rely upon the subcontract provision requiring its prior written approval before proceeding with work involving extra compensation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">MacIsaac &amp; Menke Co. v. Cardox Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1961) 193 Cal.App.2d 661, 669\u2013670 [14 Cal.Rptr. 523], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe written contract provided that the defendant should not be charged for \u2018extras\u2019 unless ordered in writing. Upon this basis defendant contends that recovery for the \u2018extras\u2019 furnished by plaintiff is barred. The provision in a building contract that an owner may be charged only for \u2018extras\u2019 which are ordered in writing may be waived or modified by an executed oral agreement. As a consequence, recovery by the contractor for the reasonable value of \u2018extras\u2019 has been upheld where they have been furnished at the request of the owner, became a part of the construction work generally described in the building contract, and are accepted by him, even though the request therefor was oral and the building contract provided that he should be chargeable only for such \u2018extras\u2019 as were requested in writing.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">1st\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Olympic Corp. v. Hawryluk<\/span>\u00a0(1960) 185 Cal.App.2d 832, 841 [8 Cal.Rptr. 728], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cDefendants concede that the labor for which payment is sought was actually performed and that the backfill was supplied. They accept the finding that the charges were reasonable, and the record discloses that the benefits of the labor and material have accrued to the premises. Defendants rest their contentions on the provision of the contract requiring written change orders. The parties may, by their conduct, waive such a provision with the result that the subcontractor does extra work without a written order. If the circumstances indicate that the parties intended to waive the provision, the subcontractor will be protected.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Frank T. Hickey, Inc. v. Los Angeles Jewish Community Council<\/span>\u00a0(1954) 128 Cal.App.2d 676, 682\u2013683 [276 P.2d 52], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe record shows that extras were ordered and approved by [cross-defendant] in the amount of $8,097.50. Under the law this amounted to a modification of the written contract. [Cross-defendant] places great reliance on the provision of the contract which provides that alterations must be in writing, and points out here that he only approved one alteration in writing. But under\u00a0section 1698 of the Civil Code, an executed oral agreement may alter an agreement in writing, even though, as here, the original contract provides that all changes must be approved in writing. This is so because the executed oral agreement may alter or modify that provision of the contract as well as other portions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Miller v. Brown<\/span>\u00a0(1955) 136 Cal.App.2d 763, 775 [289 P.2d 572], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe evidence showed that the extra work on the building was done with the knowledge and consent of defendant and his agent, and that they waived the written stipulation that a separate written estimate of extra work should be submitted, by orally agreeing to and countenancing the work without written estimates. Had it not been for defendant\u2019s consent thus given, the work would not have been thus done. He will not now be permitted to repudiate work done in the manner that he consented to, on any ground that it was not done in accordance with a previous written agreement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wyman v. Hooker<\/span>\u00a0(1905) 2 Cal.App. 36, 41 [83 P. 79].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnlike private contracts, public contracts requiring written change orders cannot be modified orally or through the parties\u2019 conduct. Thus, even if [plaintiff]\u2019s evidence pertaining to the oral authorizations of a city employee for extra work is fully credited, [plaintiff] cannot prevail.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">P&amp;D Consultants, Inc.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 190 Cal.App.4th at p. 1335.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia courts generally have upheld the necessity of compliance with contractual provisions regarding written \u2018change orders.\u2019\u2009\u2026\u2009However, California decisions have also established that particular circumstances may provide waivers of written \u2018change order\u2019 requirements. If the parties, by their conduct, clearly assent to a change or addition to the contractor\u2019s required performance, a written \u2018change order\u2019 requirement may be waived.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weeshoff Constr. Co.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 88 Cal.App.3d at p. 589, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn addition to being factually inapposite, the continuing viability of\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weeshoff<\/span>\u00a0is questionable. In pronouncing that \u2018California decisions have also established that particular circumstances may provide waivers of written \u201cchange order\u201d requirements,\u2019 and \u2018[i]f the parties, by their conduct, clearly assent to a change or addition to the contractor\u2019s required performance, a written \u201cchange order\u201d requirement may be waived,\u2019 the court cited cases involving private parties, not public agencies\u2009\u2026\u2009. Since its publication 28 years ago, no case has cited\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weeshoff<\/span>\u00a0for this point. This is understandable as it is contrary to the great weight of authority, cited above, to the contrary.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Katsura v. City of San Buenaventura<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 104, 111 [65 Cal.Rptr.3d 762], internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u20091000<\/div>\n<div>1 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 5,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Private Contracts: Disputes and Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u20095.44\u20135.47<\/div>\n<div>2 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 9,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Handling Disputes During Construction<\/span>, \u00a7\u20099.69<\/div>\n<div>1 Stein, Construction Law, Ch. 3,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Construction and Design Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u20093.02 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 104,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Building Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009104.15\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>5 California Points and Authorities, Ch. 50,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200950.522 et seq. (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 30D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Construction Contracts and Subcontracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200930D.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Miller &amp; Starr, California Real Estate 4th, \u00a7\u00a7\u200927:61, 27:65\u201327:66 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Acret, California Construction Law Manual (6th ed.) \u00a7\u00a7\u20091:40\u20131:47 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Acret, California Construction Law Manual (6th ed.) \u00a7\u20097:71 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Bruner &amp; O\u2019Connor on Construction Law, \u00a7\u00a7\u20094:39\u20134:40 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Kamine, Public Works Construction Manual (BNI Publications, Inc. 1996) Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Extra Work and the Changes Clause<\/span>, pp. 103\u2013106<\/div>\n<div>Kamine, Public Works Construction Manual (BNI Publications, Inc. 1996) Ch. 16,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Written Extra Work Order Gotcha<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7xc1h4-36cf2f9aa44026312b47a40ae0d08cbf hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-60bh14-6dcbd354677f834f4058c86aa8717dbe\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-60bh14-6dcbd354677f834f4058c86aa8717dbe .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-60bh14-6dcbd354677f834f4058c86aa8717dbe '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2344","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-09T20:23:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\\\/\",\"name\":\"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-25T03:57:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-09T20:23:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/home\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/\",\"name\":\"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\",\"description\":\"California Civil Jury Instructions CACI site\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CrowdSource Lawyers\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/CrowdSource-Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/CrowdSource-Logo.png\",\"width\":453,\"height\":208,\"caption\":\"CrowdSource Lawyers\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","og_url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/","og_site_name":"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","article_modified_time":"2022-05-09T20:23:31+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/","name":"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-25T03:57:11+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-09T20:23:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4522-waiver-of-written-approval-or-notice-requirements-for-changed-or-additional-work\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"CACI 4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#website","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/","name":"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","description":"California Civil Jury Instructions CACI site","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#organization","name":"CrowdSource Lawyers","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/09\/CrowdSource-Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/09\/CrowdSource-Logo.png","width":453,"height":208,"caption":"CrowdSource Lawyers"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2344"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4789,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2344\/revisions\/4789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}