{"id":2348,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2348"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:07:28","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:07:28","slug":"caci-4400-misappropriation-of-trade-secrets-introduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4400-misappropriation-of-trade-secrets-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4400 Misappropriation of Trade Secrets\u2014Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3f11vz-422d4d754430fb3a9876923af95267f8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3f11vz-422d4d754430fb3a9876923af95267f8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3f11vz-422d4d754430fb3a9876923af95267f8 .av-special-heading-tag 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3f27if-74c7a84f205c37d95d79de33adcbf5f8\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3f27if-74c7a84f205c37d95d79de33adcbf5f8 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3f27if-74c7a84f205c37d95d79de33adcbf5f8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4400\u00a0Misappropriation of Trade Secrets\u2014Introduction<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] [is\/was] the [owner\/licensee] of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert general description of alleged trade secret[s]<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [this\/these] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">select short term to describe, e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [is\/are] [a] trade secret[s] and that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] misappropriated [it\/them]. \u201cMisappropriation\u201d means the improper [acquisition\/use\/ [or] disclosure] of the trade secret[s].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] also claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s misappropriation caused [[him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] harm\/ [or] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to be unjustly enriched].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] denies [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert denial of any of the above claims<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] also claims [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert affirmative defenses<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2007; Revised December 2010 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is designed to introduce the jury to the issues involved in a case involving the misappropriation of trade secrets under the California Uniform Trade Secrets Act. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093426.1 et seq.) It should be read before the instructions on the substantive law.<\/p>\n<p>In the first sentence, provide only a general description of the alleged trade secrets. Then in the second sentence, select a short term to identify the items, such as \u201cinformation,\u201d \u201ccustomer lists,\u201d or \u201ccomputer code.\u201d The items that are alleged to be trade secrets will be described with more specificity in\u00a0CACI No. 4401,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Misappropriation of Trade Secrets\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Select the appropriate term, \u201cowner\u201d or \u201clicensee,\u201d to indicate the plaintiff\u2019s interest in the alleged trade secrets. No reported California state court decision has addressed whether a licensee has a sufficient interest to assert a claim of trade secret misappropriation. These instructions take no position on this issue. The court should make a determination whether the plaintiff has the right as a matter of substantive law to maintain a cause of action for misappropriation of trade secrets if that issue is disputed.<\/p>\n<p>Civil Code section 3426.1(b)(1)\u00a0defines \u201cmisappropriation\u201d as improper \u201c[a]cquisition\u201d of a trade secret, and subsection (b)(2) defines it as improper \u201c[d]isclosure or use\u201d of a trade secret. In some cases, the mere acquisition of a trade secret, as distinguished from a related disclosure or use, will not result in damages and will only be relevant to injunctive relief. Because generally the jury should be instructed only on matters relevant to damage claims, do not select \u201cacquiring\u201d in the second paragraph unless there is evidence that the acquisition resulted in damages, other than damages from related disclosure or use.<\/p>\n<p>To avoid confusion, instruct the jury only on the particular theory of misappropriation applicable under the facts of the case. For example, the jury should not be instructed on misappropriation through \u201cuse\u201d if the plaintiff does not assert that the defendant improperly used the trade secrets. Nor should the jury be instructed on a particular type of \u201cuse\u201d if that type of \u201cuse\u201d is not asserted and supported by the evidence.<\/p>\n<p>In the third paragraph, select the nature of the recovery sought, either damages for harm to the plaintiff or for the defendant\u2019s unjust enrichment, or both.<\/p>\n<p>Include the last paragraph if the defendant asserts any affirmative defenses. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Uniform Trade Secrets Act: Definitions.\u00a0Civil Code section 3426.1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e agree with the federal cases applying California law, which hold that section 3426.7, subdivision (b), preempts common law claims that are \u2018based on the same nucleus of facts as the misappropriation of trade secrets claim for relief.\u2019 Depending on the particular facts pleaded, the statute can operate to preempt the specific common claims asserted here: breach of confidence, interference with contract, and unfair competition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">K.C. Multimedia, Inc. v. Bank of America Technology &amp; Operations, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 939, 958\u2013959 [90 Cal.Rptr.3d 247], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018\u2009\u201cTrade secret law promotes the sharing of knowledge, and the efficient operation of industry; it permits the individual inventor to reap the rewards of his labor by contracting with a company large enough to develop and exploit it.\u201d [Citation.]\u2019 \u2018Trade secret law also helps maintain \u201cstandards of commercial ethics \u2026\u2009.\u201d [Citation.] \u2026 By sanctioning the acquisition, use, and disclosure of another\u2019s valuable, proprietary information by improper means, trade secret law minimizes \u201cthe inevitable cost to the basic decency of society when one \u2026 steals from another.\u201d [Citation.] In doing so, it recognizes that \u201c\u2009\u2018good faith and honest, fair dealing, is the very life and spirit of the commercial world.\u2019\u2009\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Altavion, Inc. v. Konica Minolta Systems Laboratory, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 226 Cal.App.4th 26, 42 [171 Cal.Rptr.3d 714], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e find no support for [a current-ownership] rule in the text of the CUTSA, cases applying it, or legislative history. Nor do we find any evidence of such a rule in patent or copyright law, which defendants have cited by analogy. Defendants have offered no persuasive argument from policy for our adoption of such a rule.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jasmine Networks, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 180 Cal.App.4th 980, 986 [103 Cal.Rptr.3d 426].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he only California authority [defendant] cited for the asserted requirement [that a trade-secrets plaintiff must own the trade secret when the action is filed] was the official California pattern jury instructions\u2014whose \u2018first element,\u2019 [defendant] asserted, \u2018requires the plaintiff to be either the owner or the licensee of the trade secret. See\u00a0CACI Nos. 4400,\u00a04401.\u2019 [Defendant] did not quote the cited instructions\u2014for good reason. The most that can be said in favor of its reading is that the broader and less specific of the two instructions uses the present tense to refer to the requirement of ownership. That instruction, whose avowed purpose is \u2018to introduce the jury to the issues involved\u2019 in a trade secrets case (Directions for Use for\u00a0CACI No. 4400), describes the plaintiff as claiming that he \u2018is\u2019 the owner\/licensee of the trade secrets underlying the suit. (CACI No. 4400.) The second instruction, which enumerates the actual\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">elements<\/span>\u00a0of the plaintiff\u2019s cause of action, dispels whatever weak whiff of relevance this use of the present tense might have. It requires the plaintiff to prove that he \u2018own<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ed<\/span>\u2019 or \u2018was a licensee of\u2019 the trade secrets at issue. (CACI No. 4401, italics added.) Given only these instructions to go on, one would suppose that past ownership\u2014i.e., ownership at the time of the alleged misappropriation\u2014is sufficient to establish this element.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jasmine Networks, Inc.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 180 Cal.App.4th at p. 997, original italics.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>13 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Equity, \u00a7\u200983<\/div>\n<div>Gaab &amp; Reese, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial\u2014Claims &amp; Defenses, Ch. 10(II)-A \u00b6\u200910:250 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0Milgrim on Trade Secrets, Ch. 1,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Definitional Aspects<\/span>, \u00a7\u20091.01\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.50 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>49\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 565,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unfair Competition<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009565.103\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 Zamore, Business Torts, Ch. 17,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trade Secrets<\/span>, \u00a7\u200917.05 et seq. (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Edelson &amp; Kay, eds., Trade Secret Litigation and Protection in California (State Bar of California 2009) Chs. 1, 2, 6, 12<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7gxz70-223fa24206a8954cc1feefd657899feb hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-60zwnw-df96d09660ad7686d58dc56fb8345363\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-60zwnw-df96d09660ad7686d58dc56fb8345363 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-60zwnw-df96d09660ad7686d58dc56fb8345363 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2348","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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