{"id":235,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:21","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=235"},"modified":"2022-05-02T18:07:29","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T18:07:29","slug":"caci-216-exercise-of-right-not-to-incriminate-oneself-evid-code-%c2%a7-913","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-216-exercise-of-right-not-to-incriminate-oneself-evid-code-%c2%a7-913\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 216 Exercise of Right Not to Incriminate Oneself (Evid. Code, \u00a7\u2009913)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku4zcs2s-508a9e9e57f84212dfd22a33ecb10dc4\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku4zcs2s-508a9e9e57f84212dfd22a33ecb10dc4{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku4zcs2s-508a9e9e57f84212dfd22a33ecb10dc4 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku4zcs2s-508a9e9e57f84212dfd22a33ecb10dc4 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku4zcs2s-508a9e9e57f84212dfd22a33ecb10dc4 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 216 Exercise of Right Not to Incriminate Oneself (Evid. Code, \u00a7\u2009913)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku4zfmek-6c3690253cac6ea74800da37afa51dfd\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku4zfmek-6c3690253cac6ea74800da37afa51dfd .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku4zfmek-6c3690253cac6ea74800da37afa51dfd '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">216\u00a0Exercise of Right Not to Incriminate Oneself (Evid. Code, \u00a7\u2009913)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of party\/witness<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has an absolute constitutional right not to give testimony that might tend to incriminate [himself\/herself\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. Do not consider, for any reason at all, the fact that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of party\/witness<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] invoked the right not to testify. Do not discuss that fact during your deliberations or let it influence your decision in any way. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2012 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The privilege against self-incrimination may be asserted in a civil proceeding. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kastigar v. United States<\/span>\u00a0(1972) 406 U.S. 441, 444 [92 S.Ct. 1653, 32 L.Ed.2d 212];\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People v. Merfeld<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 57 Cal.App.4th 1440, 1443 [67 Cal.Rptr.2d 759].) Under California law, neither the court nor counsel may comment on the fact that a witness has claimed a privilege, and the trier of fact may not draw any inference from the refusal to testify as to the credibility of the witness or as to any matter at issue in the proceeding. (Evid. Code, \u00a7\u2009913(a); see\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People v. Doolin<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 45 Cal.4th 390, 441\u2013442 [87 Cal.Rptr.3d 209, 198 P.3d 11].)<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the issue of a witness\u2019s invocation of the\u00a0Fifth Amendment\u00a0right not to self-incriminate is raised outside the presence of the jury, and the jury is not informed of the matter. This instruction is intended for use if the circumstances presented in a case result in the issue being raised in the presence of the jury and a party adversely affected requests a jury instruction. (See\u00a0Evid. Code, \u00a7\u2009913(b).) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">No Presumption From Exercise of\u00a0Fifth Amendment\u00a0Privilege.\u00a0Evidence Code section 913.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Privilege to Refuse to Disclose Incriminating Information.\u00a0Evidence Code section 940.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n any proceeding, civil or criminal, a witness has the right to decline to answer questions which may tend to incriminate him in criminal activity.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cramer v. Tyars<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 23 Cal.3d 131, 137 [151 Cal.Rptr. 653, 588 P.2d 793], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA defendant may not bring a civil action to a halt simply by invoking the privilege against self-incrimination.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Oiye v. Fox<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 1036, 1055 [151 Cal.Rptr.3d 65].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he privilege may not be asserted by merely declaring that an answer will incriminate; it must be \u2018evident from the implications of the question, in the setting in which it is asked, that a responsive answer to the question or an explanation of why it cannot be answered might be dangerous because injurious disclosure could result.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Troy v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 186 Cal.App.3d 1006, 1010\u20131011 [231 Cal.Rptr. 108], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution\u00a0includes a provision that \u2018[no] person \u2026 shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019 Although the specific reference is to criminal cases, the\u00a0Fifth Amendment\u00a0protection \u2018has been broadly extended to a point where now it is available even to a person appearing only as a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">witness<\/span>\u00a0in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">any<\/span>\u00a0kind of proceeding where testimony can be compelled.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brown v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 180 Cal.App.3d 701, 708 [226 Cal.Rptr. 10], citation and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere is no question that the privilege against self-incrimination may be asserted by civil defendants who face possible criminal prosecution based on the same facts as the civil action. \u2018All matters which are privileged against disclosure upon the trial under the law of this state are privileged against disclosure through any discovery procedure.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brown, supra,<\/span>\u00a0180 Cal.App.3d at p. 708, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia law, then, makes no distinction between civil and criminal litigation concerning adverse inferences from a witness\u2019s invocation of the privilege against self-incrimination; under\u00a0Evidence Code section 913, juries are forbidden to make such inferences in both types of cases. No purpose is served, therefore, in either type of trial by forcing a witness to exercise the privilege on the stand in the jury\u2019s presence, for \u2026 the court would then be \u2018required, on request, to instruct the jury not to draw the very inference [the party calling the witness] sought to present to the jury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People v. Holloway<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 33 Cal. 4th 96, 131 [14 Cal.Rptr.3d 212, 91 P.3d 164], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe privilege against self-incrimination is guaranteed by both the federal and state Constitutions. As pointed out by the California Supreme Court, \u2018two separate and distinct testimonial privileges\u2019 exist under this guarantee. First, a defendant in a criminal case \u2018has an absolute right not to be called as a witness and not to testify.\u2019 Second, \u2018in any proceeding, civil or criminal, a witness has the right to decline to answer questions which may tend to incriminate him [or her] in criminal activity.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People v. Merfeld, supra<\/span>, 57 Cal.App.4th at p. 1443, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe jury may not draw any inference from a witness\u2019s invocation of a privilege. Upon request, the trial court must so instruct jurors. \u2018To avoid the potentially prejudicial impact of having a witness assert the privilege against self-incrimination before the jury, we have in the past recommended that, in determining the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">propriety<\/span>\u00a0of the witness\u2019s invocation of the privilege, the trial court hold a pretestimonial hearing outside the jury\u2019s presence.\u2019 Such a procedure makes sense under the appropriate circumstances. If there is a dispute about whether a witness may legitimately rely on the\u00a0Fifth Amendment\u00a0privilege against self-incrimination to avoid testifying, that legal question should be resolved by the court. Given the court\u2019s ruling and the nature of the potential testimony, the witness may not be privileged to testify at all, or counsel may elect not to call the witness as a matter of tactics.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People v. Doolin, supra<\/span>, 45 Cal.4th at pp. 441\u2013442, original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022 <\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOnce a court determines a witness has a valid\u00a0Fifth Amendment\u00a0right not to testify, it is, of course, improper to require him to invoke the privilege in front of a jury; such a procedure encourages inappropriate speculation on the part of jurors about the reasons for the invocation. An adverse inference, damaging to the defense, may be drawn by jurors despite the possibility the assertion of privilege may be based upon reasons unrelated to guilt.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Victaulic Co. v. American Home Assurance Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 20 Cal.App.5th 948, 981 [229 Cal.Rptr.3d 545].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>2 Witkin, California Evidence (5th ed. 2012) Witnesses, \u00a7\u200998<\/div>\n<div>5 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 72,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Discovery<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200972.20,\u00a072.30\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Cotchett,\u00a0California Courtroom Evidence, \u00a7\u200918.09\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0California Trial Guide, Unit 51,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privileges<\/span>, \u00a7\u200951.32\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>16\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 191,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Discovery: Privileges and Other Discovery Limitations<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009191.30 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0California Deposition and Discovery Practice, Ch. 21,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privileged Matters in General<\/span>, \u00a7\u200921.20,\u00a0Ch. 22,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privilege Against Self-Incrimination<\/span>\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Judges Benchbook: Civil Proceedings\u2014Trial \u00a7\u20098.34 (Cal CJER 2019)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-sxbu3-5c6a6126ca46f427be9e677d5f553482 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kexqr-e748dfdf8e39e94be81b4b78e9349dff\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kexqr-e748dfdf8e39e94be81b4b78e9349dff .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kexqr-e748dfdf8e39e94be81b4b78e9349dff '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-235","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 216 Exercise of Right Not to Incriminate Oneself (Evid. 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