{"id":2350,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2350"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:30:55","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:30:55","slug":"caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3gclu3-5ef9f987efd03bd6fe1f3e36c1907fda\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3gclu3-5ef9f987efd03bd6fe1f3e36c1907fda{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3gclu3-5ef9f987efd03bd6fe1f3e36c1907fda .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3gclu3-5ef9f987efd03bd6fe1f3e36c1907fda .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3gclu3-5ef9f987efd03bd6fe1f3e36c1907fda av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3gdvpx-1bcc8d5df0a26b3307701a3c436e626d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3gdvpx-1bcc8d5df0a26b3307701a3c436e626d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3gdvpx-1bcc8d5df0a26b3307701a3c436e626d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4532\u00a0Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] breached the parties\u2019 contract by failing to [substantially] complete the [project\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe construction project, e.g., apartment building<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] by the completion date required by the contract. If you find that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has proven this claim, the parties\u2019 contract calls for damages in the amount of $\u00a0for each day between [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert contract completion date<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and the date on which the project was [substantially] completed. You will be asked to find the date on which the project was [substantially] completed. I will then calculate the amount of damages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[If you find that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] granted or should have granted time extensions to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], you will be asked to find the number of days of the time extension and add these days to the completion date set forth in the contract. I will then calculate [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s total damages.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2010; Revised December 2011 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction should be used when the owner seeks to recover liquidated damages against the contractor for delay in completing the project under a provision of the contract. Include the optional second paragraph if there is a dispute over whether the contractor is entitled to an extension of time. Give\u00a0CACI No. 4520,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contractor\u2019s Claim for Changed or Extra Work,<\/span>\u00a0to guide the jury on how to determine if the contractor is entitled to a time extension for extra work. A special instruction may be required to guide the jury on how to determine if the contractor is entitled to a time extension for excusable or compensable delays.<\/p>\n<p>Include \u201csubstantially\u201d throughout if there is a dispute of fact as to when the project should be considered as finished. Unless otherwise defined by the contract to mean actual completion or some other measure of completion (see, e.g.,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">London Guarantee &amp; Acc. Co. v. Las Lomitas School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1961) 191 Cal.App.2d 423, 427 [12 Cal.Rptr. 598]), \u201ccompletion\u201d for the purpose of determining liquidated damages ordinarily is understood to mean \u201csubstantial completion.\u201d (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vrgora v. L.A. Unified Sch. Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 152 Cal.App.3d 1178, 1186 [200 Cal.Rptr. 130]; see generally\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Perini Corp. v. Greate Bay Hotel &amp; Casino, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 129 N.J. 479, 500\u2013501, overruled on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tretina v. Fitzpatrick &amp; Assocs.<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 135 N.J. 349, 358\u00a0[discussing standard practices in the construction industry].)<\/p>\n<p>There are few or no general principles set forth in California case law as to what may constitute substantial completion. It would seem to be dependent on the unique facts of each case. (See, e.g.,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Continental Illinois Nat\u2019l Bank &amp; Trust Co. v. United States<\/span>\u00a0(1952) 121 Ct.Cl. 203, 243\u2013244.) The related doctrine of substantial performance, which allows the contractor to obtain payment for its work even if there are some minor or trivial deviations from the contract requirements, may perhaps be looked to for guidance for when a project is substantially complete for purposes of stopping the running of the clock on liquidated damages. (See\u00a0CACI No. 4524,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contractor\u2019s Claim for Compensation Due Under Contract\u2014Substantial Performance<\/span>.) But they are separate doctrines. Substantial performance focuses on\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">what<\/span>\u00a0was done. Substantial completion focuses on\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">when<\/span>\u00a0it was done. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hill v. Clark<\/span>\u00a0(1908) 7 Cal.App. 609, 612 [95 P. 382]\u00a0[only substantial performance, not substantial completion, was at issue].) See also\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009337.15\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 4551,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Latent Construction Defect<\/span>\u00a0(limitation period begins to run on substantial completion).<\/p>\n<p>If the liquidated damages provision is found to be unenforceable because its enforcement would constitute a penalty rather than an approximation of actual damages that are difficult to ascertain, the owner may be entitled to recover its general and special damages, as those damages are defined in\u00a0CACI No. 350,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Introduction to Contract Damages,<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 351,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Special Damages<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Excused Performance of Contract.\u00a0Civil Code section 1511(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Liquidated Damages.\u00a0Civil Code section 1671(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Time for Completion: Liquidated Damages.\u00a0Public Contract Code section 10226.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLiquidated damage clauses in public contracts are frequently validated precisely because delay in the completion of projects such as highways \u2018would cause incalculable inconvenience and damage to the public.\u2019\u2009\u2026 Thus, it is accepted that damage in the nature of inconvenience and loss of use by the public are real but often, as a matter of law, not measurable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Westinghouse Electric Corp. v. County of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(1982) 129 Cal.App.3d 771, 782\u2013783 [181 Cal.Rptr. 332], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n the absence of a contractual provision for extensions of time, the rule generally followed is that an owner is precluded from obtaining liquidated damages not only for late completion caused entirely by him but also for a delay to which he has contributed, even though the contractor has caused some or most of the delay.\u2009\u2026 Acceptance of the reasoning urged by defendant would mean that, solely because there has been noncompliance with an extension-of-time provision, the position of an owner could be completely changed so that he could withhold liquidated damages for all of the period of late completion even though he alone caused the delay.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Peter Kiewit Sons\u2019 Co. v. Pasadena City Junior College Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1963) 59 Cal.2d 241, 245 [28 Cal.Rptr. 714, 379 P.2d 18], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIf the contractor wished to claim it needed an extension of time because of delays caused by the city, the contractor was required to obtain a written change order by mutual consent or submit a claim in writing requesting a formal decision by the engineer. It did neither. The court was correct to rely on its failure and enforce the terms of the contract. It makes no difference whether [contractor]\u2019s timely performance was possible or impossible under these circumstances. The purpose of contract provisions of the type authorized by the 1965 amendment to\u00a0Civil Code section 1511, subdivision 1, is to allocate to the contractor the risk of delay costs\u2014even for delays beyond the contractor\u2019s control\u2014unless the contractor follows the required procedures for notifying the owner of its intent to claim a right to an extension.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Greg Opinski Construction, Inc. v. City of Oakdale<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 199 Cal.App.4th 1107, 1117\u20131118 [132 Cal.Rptr.3d 170].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]cceptance may not be arbitrarily delayed to the prejudice of a contractor, and work should be viewed as accepted when it is finished even though a governmental body specifies a later date.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Peter Kiewit Sons\u2019 Co.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 59 Cal.2d at p. 246.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLacking any authority, appellant asserts \u2018that something is wrong here\u2019 and \u2018[it] does not make sense to compensate the owner for the loss of use of something that it is actually using.\u2019 For all practical purposes, we perceive appellant as attempting to invoke the equitable doctrine of unjust enrichment and therein seek a setoff. The No. 1 problem with the applicability of said theory is that although [defendant] may have benefitted by using the facility, the fact that the facility had not been fully or even substantially completed suggests that the enrichment obtained is de minimis or is at best undefinable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vrgora<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 152 Cal.App.3d at p. 1186, footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWas the contract completed on September 5, 1953? The trial court did not find that the building was completed on that date. It found that it was \u2018substantially completed.\u2019 On September 8, 1953, the uncontradicted evidence shows that some of the class rooms were insufficiently complete to be used; the plumbing was not complete; and the fencing of the playground had not been started. There were workmen in the building and there was grading equipment in the yard area. The salary of the inspector for the school district, who was required by state law, had to be paid until October 22, 1953. The inspector\u2019s report made on September 1, 1953, showed that the work was 94 per cent complete as of that time. His report made on September 16, 1953 showed the work to be 96 per cent complete. On September 16 there was admittedly about $ 9,800 worth of work yet to be done. The contract called for a complete building and not a substantially complete one. [\u00b6] The fact that the school district occupied portions of the building on September 8, 1953, does not change the situation. [The contract] provides that occupancy of any portion of the building \u2018\u2026 shall not constitute an acceptance of any part of the work, unless so stated in writing by the Board of the District.\u2019 The board of the district did not so state.\u201d(<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">London Guarantee &amp; Acc. Co.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 191 Cal.App.2d at pp. 426\u2013427.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">London Guar. &amp; Acc. Co. v. Las Lomitas School Dist.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 191 Cal.App.2d 423, the appellate court reviewed the efficacy of an \u2018adjusted\u2019 liquidated damages award by the trial court on the basis of the date of \u2018substantial completion\u2019 as opposed to \u2018actual completion.\u2019\u2009\u2026 The appellate court reversed the trial court\u2019s judgment, finding no validity to the argument employed at trial, that once the contractor had substantially performed his obligation (96 percent completion of the building), the school district was not entitled to liquidated damages. In effect, the court held that since the parties contracted for \u2018actual\u2019 performance in the form of a \u2018\u2026 complete building and not a substantially complete one\u2019, liquidated damages were appropriate.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vrgora<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 152 Cal.App.3d at p. 1187, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe perceive no error in the action of the court sustaining the objection to a question asked defendant, as follows: \u2018Can you state to the court how much and to what extent you have been injured by the failure of the plaintiff to complete this work; the question is, can you tell?\u2019 The contract provided for a fixed sum as liquidated damages for delay in the completion of the work beyond the time specified in the contract. No issue was presented as to the amount of the liquidated damages, or claim on account thereof, and the question objected to could have no reference thereto; and the court finding that the contract was substantially completed, there was no room for inquiry as to the damages, and no prejudice could result to defendant from such ruling.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hill<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 7 Cal.App. at p. 612.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFinding 51 shows that the work \u2026 was 99.6% complete on December 30, as of which day liquidated damages began, and that the only work remaining to be done had to do with the boiler house equipment, and certain \u2018punch list items\u2019 which are usually minor adjustments which recur for an indefinite time after the completion of an extensive building project. The boiler house work would, apparently, not have interfered with the occupancy of the houses by tenants, and tenants in new houses expect to be troubled for a while by adjustments due to tests. Two hundred dollars a day was a severe penalty for so slight an asserted delinquency and our observation of other cases tells us that it is not customary to draw the line so strictly. The refusal, which we hold unjustified, of the Government to accept the project on December 30, 1936, subjected the contractor, not only to the liquidated damages discussed above, but to continued expenditures for coal, light, power and fire insurance in the amount of $2,454.75. The plaintiff may recover this amount.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Continental Illinois Nat\u2019l Bank &amp; Trust Co.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 121 Ct.Cl. at pp. 243\u2013244.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u2009507<\/div>\n<div>1 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 5,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Private Contracts: Disputes and Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u20095.112<\/div>\n<div>1 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 6,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Contracts: Disputes and Remedies<\/span>, \u00a7\u20096.91 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>2 California Construction Contracts, Defects, and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 9,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Handling Disputes During Construction<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u20099.103, 9.107<\/div>\n<div>3 Stein, Construction Law, Ch. 11,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Remedies and Damages<\/span>, \u00b6\u200911.02 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>12\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 434,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Government Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009434.41\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 104,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Building Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009104.27,\u00a0104.226\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>5 California Points and Authorities, Ch. 50,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200950.211 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 30D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Construction Contracts and Subcontracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200930D.224\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>27\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 75,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Formation of Contracts and Standard Contractual Provisions<\/span>, \u00a7\u200975.243\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Contract Litigation, Ch. 7,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Seeking or Opposing Damages in Contract Actions<\/span>, 7.05[3]<\/div>\n<div>Miller &amp; Starr, California Real Estate 4th, \u00a7\u200927:81 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Acret, California Construction Law Manual (6th ed.) \u00a7\u00a7\u20091:86\u20131:88, 7:84, 7:85 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Bruner &amp; O\u2019Connor on Construction Law, \u00a7\u00a7\u200915:15, 15:82 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div>Gibbs &amp; Hunt, California Construction Law, Ch. 5,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Breach of Contract by Contractor<\/span>, \u00a7\u20095.02 (Aspen Pub. 16th ed. 1999)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-rjrz2-9759d25023700cefe440cacc4a3b81ad hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mu8ku-82dafd16a0630857929350f45b2a0c3a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-mu8ku-82dafd16a0630857929350f45b2a0c3a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mu8ku-82dafd16a0630857929350f45b2a0c3a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2350","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-09T20:30:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\\\/\",\"name\":\"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-25T03:57:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-09T20:30:55+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/home\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/\",\"name\":\"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\",\"description\":\"California Civil Jury Instructions CACI site\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CrowdSource Lawyers\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/CrowdSource-Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/CrowdSource-Logo.png\",\"width\":453,\"height\":208,\"caption\":\"CrowdSource Lawyers\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","og_url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/","og_site_name":"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","article_modified_time":"2022-05-09T20:30:55+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/","name":"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-25T03:57:11+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-09T20:30:55+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4532-owners-damages-for-breach-of-construction-contract-liquidated-damages-under-contract-for-delay\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"CACI 4532 Owner\u2019s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract\u2014Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#website","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/","name":"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","description":"California Civil Jury Instructions CACI site","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#organization","name":"CrowdSource Lawyers","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/09\/CrowdSource-Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/09\/CrowdSource-Logo.png","width":453,"height":208,"caption":"CrowdSource Lawyers"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2350"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4799,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2350\/revisions\/4799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}