{"id":2354,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2354"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:10:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:10:03","slug":"caci-4404-reasonable-efforts-to-protect-secrecy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4404-reasonable-efforts-to-protect-secrecy\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4404 Reasonable Efforts to Protect Secrecy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3f71o4-f67f538c089a4374f8b8a7dc1452eea1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3f71o4-f67f538c089a4374f8b8a7dc1452eea1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3f71o4-f67f538c089a4374f8b8a7dc1452eea1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3f71o4-f67f538c089a4374f8b8a7dc1452eea1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3f71o4-f67f538c089a4374f8b8a7dc1452eea1 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4404 Reasonable Efforts to Protect Secrecy<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3f88eb-402a8389464aaedb455eefba2dfd3a46\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3f88eb-402a8389464aaedb455eefba2dfd3a46 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3f88eb-402a8389464aaedb455eefba2dfd3a46 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4404\u00a0Reasonable Efforts to Protect Secrecy<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To establish that the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">select short term to describe, e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [is\/are] [a] trade secret[s], [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] made reasonable efforts under the circumstances to keep it secret. \u201cReasonable efforts\u201d are the efforts that would be made by a reasonable [person\/business] in the same situation and having the same knowledge and resources as [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], exercising due care to protect important information of the same kind. [This requirement applies separately to each item that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims to be a trade secret.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In determining whether or not [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] made reasonable efforts to keep the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] secret, you should consider all of the facts and circumstances. Among the factors you may consider are the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[a.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether documents or computer files containing the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] were marked with confidentiality warnings;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[b.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] instructed [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] employees to treat the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] as confidential;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[c.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] restricted access to the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to persons who had a business reason to know the information;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[d.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] kept the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] in a restricted or secured area;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[e.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] required employees or others with access to the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to sign confidentiality or nondisclosure agreements;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[f.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] took any action to protect the specific [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], or whether it relied on general measures taken to protect its business information or assets;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[g.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The extent to which any general measures taken by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] would prevent the unauthorized disclosure of the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[h.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether there were other reasonable measures available to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] did not take;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[i.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Specify other factor(s).<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The presence or absence of any one or more of these factors is not necessarily determinative. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2007 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction with\u00a0CACI No. 4402,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u201cTrade Secret\u201d Defined<\/span>, to guide the jury with regard to element 3 of that instruction, that the plaintiff made reasonable efforts to keep the information secret. Read only the factors supported by the evidence in the case. Use factor i to present additional factors. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cReasonable efforts to maintain secrecy have been held to include advising employees of the existence of a trade secret, limiting access to a trade secret on \u2018need to know basis,\u2019 and controlling plant access. [\u00b6] \u2026 Requiring employees to sign confidentiality agreements is a reasonable step to ensure secrecy.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Whyte v. Schlage Lock Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2002) 101 Cal.App.4th 1443, 1454 [125 Cal.Rptr.2d 277, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA person or entity claiming a trade secret is also required to make \u2018efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy.\u2019 A leading treatise has collected the cases of successful and unsuccessful claims of secrecy protection; among the factors repeatedly noted are restricting access and physical segregation of the information, confidentiality agreements with employees, and marking documents with warnings or reminders of confidentiality.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">In re Providian Credit Card Cases<\/span>\u00a0(2002) 96 Cal.App.4th 292, 304 [116 Cal.Rptr.2d 833], referring to Trade Secrets Practice in California (Cont.Ed.Bar 2d ed.) \u00a7\u00a7\u20094.9\u20134.10.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn addition to possessing actual or potential economic value, the other part of the definition of a trade secret is that the information must have been protected by \u2018efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy.\u2019 [W]hether a party claiming a trade secret undertook reasonable efforts to maintain secrecy is a question of fact, and it may be implicit in a determination that the information does not qualify as a trade secret, also a question of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">In re Providian Credit Card Cases, supra,<\/span>\u00a096 Cal.App.4th at p. 306, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Advising California Employers and Employees (Cont.Ed.Bar) Ch. 11, Reasonable Effort to Maintain Secrecy, \u00a7\u200911.6<\/div>\n<div>Trade Secrets Practice in California (Cont.Ed.Bar 2d ed.) \u00a7\u00a7\u20094.9\u20134.10<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0Milgrim on Trade Secrets, Ch. 1,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Definitional Aspects<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091.03\u20131.05 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.52\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Edelson &amp; Kay, eds., Trade Secret Litigation and Protection in California (State Bar of California 2009) \u00a7\u20091.03(4)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7wwtn6-0f492048dbd34b168334fb08b914d200 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5cxcoi-05862af905217757e3fe2c882a343ea6\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5cxcoi-05862af905217757e3fe2c882a343ea6 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5cxcoi-05862af905217757e3fe2c882a343ea6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2354","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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