{"id":2356,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2356"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:11:22","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:11:22","slug":"caci-4406-misappropriation-by-disclosure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4406-misappropriation-by-disclosure\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4406 Misappropriation by Disclosure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3fa0ev-ab56c5ac990ffb679ad11561016da628\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3fa0ev-ab56c5ac990ffb679ad11561016da628{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3fa0ev-ab56c5ac990ffb679ad11561016da628 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3fa0ev-ab56c5ac990ffb679ad11561016da628 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3fa0ev-ab56c5ac990ffb679ad11561016da628 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4406 Misappropriation by Disclosure<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3fb749-3578015f0b8e8951e19c6992c2c206b7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3fb749-3578015f0b8e8951e19c6992c2c206b7 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3fb749-3578015f0b8e8951e19c6992c2c206b7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4406\u00a0Misappropriation by Disclosure<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] misappropriated [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s trade secret[s] by disclosure if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">disclosed [it\/them] without [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s consent; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[did any of the following:]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one or more of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[acquired knowledge of the trade secret[s] by improper means][.\/; or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[at the time of disclosure, knew or had reason to know that [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] knowledge of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s trade secret[s] came from or through [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], and that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had previously acquired the trade secret[s] by improper means][.\/; or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[at the time of disclosure, knew or had reason to know that [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] knowledge of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s trade secret[s] was acquired [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert circumstances giving rise to duty to maintain secrecy<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], which created a duty to keep the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">select short term to describe, e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] secret][.\/; or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[at the time of disclosure, knew or had reason to know that [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] knowledge of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s trade secret[s] came from or through [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], and that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had a duty to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to keep the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] secret][.\/; or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[before a material change of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] position, knew or had reason to know that [it was\/they were] [a] trade secret[s] and that knowledge of [it\/them] had been acquired by accident or mistake.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2007; Revised December 2010 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Read this instruction with\u00a0CACI No. 4401<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">, Misappropriation of Trade Secrets\u2014Essential Factual Elements,<\/span>\u00a0if the plaintiff claims that the defendant\u2019s disclosure of the information alleged to be a trade secret is a misappropriation.<\/p>\n<p>If consent is at issue,\u00a0CACI No. 1302,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Consent Explained,<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 1303,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Invalid Consent,<\/span>\u00a0may also be given.<\/p>\n<p>In element 2, select the applicable statutory act(s) alleged to constitute misappropriation by disclosure. (See Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093624.1(b)(2).) If only one act is selected, omit the words \u201cdid any of the following.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If either of the first two acts constituting misappropriation by disclosure is alleged, give also\u00a0CACI No. 4408,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Improper Means of Acquiring Trade Secret<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cMisappropriation\u201d Defined.\u00a0Civil Code section 3426.1(b)(2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Constructive Notice.\u00a0Civil Code section 19.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe fact that [defendant]\u2019s postings were not of the \u2018entire secret,\u2019 and included only portions of courses, does not mean that [defendant]\u2019s disclosures are not misappropriations. While previous partial disclosures arguably made public only those parts disclosed, [defendant]\u2019s partial disclosures of non-public portions of the secrets may themselves be actionable because they constitute \u2018disclosure \u2026 without \u2026 consent by a person who \u2026 knew or had reason to know that his \u2026 knowledge of the trade secret was \u2026 [either] derived from or through a person who had utilized improper means to acquire it [or] acquired under circumstances giving rise to a duty to maintain its secrecy or limit its use.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Religious Tech. Ctr. v. Netcom On-Line Commun. Servs.<\/span>\u00a0(N.D. Cal. 1995) 923 F.Supp. 1231, 1257, fn. 31.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnder the UTSA, simple disclosure or use may suffice to create liability. It is no longer necessary, if it ever was, to prove that the purpose to which the acquired information is put is outweighed by the interests of the trade secret holder or that use of a trade secret cannot be prohibited if it is infeasible to do so.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Morlife, Inc. v. Perry<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 1514, 1527 [66 Cal.Rptr.2d 731].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[N]othing in the UTSA requires that the defendant gain any advantage from the disclosure; it is sufficient to show \u2018use\u2019 by disclosure of a trade secret with actual or constructive knowledge that the secret was acquired under circumstances giving rise to a duty to maintain its secrecy.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Religious Tech. Ctr., supra,<\/span>\u00a0923 F.Supp. at p. 1257, fn. 31.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLiability under CUTSA is not dependent on the defendant\u2019s \u2018comprehension\u2019 of the trade secret but does require \u2018knowledge\u2019 of it.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Silvaco Data Systems v. Intel Corp<\/span>. (2010) 184 Cal.App.4th 210, 229 [109 Cal.Rptr.3d 27].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Knowledge,\u2019 of course, is \u2018[t]he fact or condition of knowing,\u2019 \u2026 and in this context, \u2018[t]he fact of knowing a thing, state, etc.\u2009\u2026\u2019 (8 Oxford English Dict.,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, p. 517.) To \u2018know\u2019 a thing is to have information of that thing at one\u2019s command, in one\u2019s possession, subject to study, disclosure, and exploitation. To say that one \u2018knows\u2019 a fact is also to say that one\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">possesses information<\/span>\u00a0of that fact. Thus, although the Restatement Third of Unfair Competition does not identify knowledge of the trade secret as an element of a trade secrets cause of action, the accompanying comments make it clear that liability presupposes the defendant\u2019s \u2018possession\u2019 of misappropriated information.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Silvaco<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 184 Cal.App.4th at pp. 225\u2013226, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe record contains no evidence that [defendant] ever possessed or had knowledge of any source code connected with either [software product]. So far as the record shows, [defendant] never had access to that code, could not disclose any part of it to anyone else, and had no way of using it to write or improve code of its own. [Defendant] appears to have been in substantially the same position as the customer in the pie shop who is accused of stealing the secret recipe because he bought a pie with knowledge that a rival baker had accused the seller of using the rival\u2019s stolen recipe. The customer does not, by buying or eating the pie, gain knowledge of the recipe used to make it.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Silvaco<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 184 Cal.App.4th at p. 226.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen a competitor hires a former employee of plaintiff who is likely to disclose trade secrets, \u2018[i]t is a question of fact whether the competitor had constructive notice of the plaintiff\u2019s right in the secret.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ralph Andrews Productions, Inc. v. Paramount Pictures Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 222 Cal.App.3d 676, 682\u2013683 [271 Cal.Rptr. 797], internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.53[1][b]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>49\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 565,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unfair Competition<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009565.103[4][c]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Edelson &amp; Kay, eds., Trade Secret Litigation and Protection in California (State Bar of California 2009) Chs. 2, 6, 12<\/div>\n<div>Gaab &amp; Reese, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial\u2014Claims &amp; Defenses, Ch. 10(II)-A \u00b6\u200910:250 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-82581w-4814547d7120cbf16bc7adb4cdbea971 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5rq6s4-830c8e8e68e42f43523e496354d38161\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5rq6s4-830c8e8e68e42f43523e496354d38161 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5rq6s4-830c8e8e68e42f43523e496354d38161 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2356","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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