{"id":2361,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=2361"},"modified":"2022-05-09T20:15:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T20:15:15","slug":"caci-4411-punitive-damages-for-willful-and-malicious-misappropriation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4411-punitive-damages-for-willful-and-malicious-misappropriation\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4411 Punitive Damages for Willful and Malicious Misappropriation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3fholp-3fc4dc88d804ed7b86ab01162ab3fe04\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv3fholp-3fc4dc88d804ed7b86ab01162ab3fe04{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv3fholp-3fc4dc88d804ed7b86ab01162ab3fe04 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv3fholp-3fc4dc88d804ed7b86ab01162ab3fe04 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv3fholp-3fc4dc88d804ed7b86ab01162ab3fe04 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4411 Punitive Damages for Willful and Malicious Misappropriation<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv3fisyh-83b65ef88da2c7d02088e50b71a958ce\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv3fisyh-83b65ef88da2c7d02088e50b71a958ce .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv3fisyh-83b65ef88da2c7d02088e50b71a958ce '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4411\u00a0Punitive Damages for Willful and Malicious Misappropriation<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If you decide that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s misappropriation caused [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] harm, you must decide whether that conduct justifies an award of punitive damages. The purposes of punitive damages are to punish a wrongdoer for the conduct that harmed [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and to discourage similar conduct in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In order to recover punitive damages, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove [by clear and convincing evidence] that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted willfully and maliciously. You must determine whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted willfully and maliciously, but you will not be asked to determine the amount of any punitive damages. I will calculate the amount later.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\u201cWillfully\u201d means that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted with a purpose or willingness to commit the act or engage in the conduct in question, and the conduct was not reasonable under the circumstances at the time and was not undertaken in good faith.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\u201cMaliciously\u201d means that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted with an intent to cause injury, or that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was despicable and was done with a willful and knowing disregard for the rights of others. \u201cDespicable conduct\u201d is conduct so vile, base, or wretched that it would be looked down on and despised by ordinary decent people. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted with knowing disregard if [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] was aware of the probable consequences of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] conduct and deliberately failed to avoid those consequences. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2007 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if there is evidence that the defendant acted willfully and maliciously, so as to support an award of punitive damages. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093426.3(c).)<\/p>\n<p>No reported California state court case has addressed whether the jury or the court should decide whether any misappropriation was \u201cwillful and malicious,\u201d and if so, whether the finding must be made by clear and convincing evidence rather than a preponderance of the evidence. In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ajaxo Inc. v. E*Trade Group Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2005) 135 Cal.App.4th 21, 66 [37 Cal.Rptr.3d 221], the court affirmed a jury\u2019s finding by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant\u2019s misappropriation was willful and malicious. If the court decides to require the \u201cclear and convincing\u201d standard, include the bracketed language in the first paragraph and also give\u00a0CACI No. 201,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Highly Probable\u2014Clear and Convincing Proof<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Once the jury finds \u201cwillful and malicious\u201d conduct, it appears that the court should decide the amount of punitive damages. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Robert L. Cloud &amp; Assocs. v. Mikesell<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 69 Cal.App.4th 1141, 1151, fn. 8 [82 Cal.Rptr.2d 143].). This would be consistent with the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, on which the California Uniform Trade Secrets Act is based. (See Uniform Trade Secrets Act \u00a7\u20093, 2005 com. [\u201cThis provision follows federal patent law in leaving discretionary trebling to the judge even though there may be a jury, compare\u00a035 U.S.C. Section 284 (1976)\u201d].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Exemplary Damages for Willful and Malicious Misappropriation.\u00a0Civil Code section 3426.3(c).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Attorney Fees and Costs.\u00a0Civil Code section 3426.4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe court instructed the jury that \u2018willful\u2019 means \u2018a purpose or willingness to commit the act or engage in the conduct in question, and the conduct was not reasonable under the circumstances then present and was not undertaken in good faith.\u2019 Further, the court instructed the jury that \u2018malice\u2019 means \u2018conduct which is intended by the defendant to cause injury to the plaintiff or despicable conduct which is carried on by the defendant with a willful and conscious disregard for the rights of others when the defendant is aware [of] the probable consequences of its conduct and willfully and deliberately fails to avoid those consequences. Despicable conduct is conduct which is so vile and wretched that it would be looked down upon and despised by ordinary decent people.\u2019 In addition, the court instructed the jury that a finding of willful and malicious misappropriation must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. [\u00b6] Our Supreme Court has recognized that malice may be proven either expressly by direct evidence probative of the existence of hatred or ill will, or by implication from indirect evidence from which the jury may draw inferences.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ajaxo Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a0135 Cal.App.4th at pp. 66\u201367, internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe limitation on punitive damages under the UTSA to twice the compensatory damages does not create an equivalency between an award of punitive damages under the UTSA and an award of treble damages under another statutory scheme. \u2026 While an award of treble damages is equally punitive in its effect, the computation of the penalty is strictly mechanical. In contrast, an award of punitive damages under the UTSA is subject to no fixed standard; the statute merely sets a cap on the amount of the award. The trial court retains wide discretion to set the amount anywhere between zero and two times the actual loss. (\u00a7\u20093426.3, subd. (c).) Thus, evidence of the defendant\u2019s financial condition remains essential for evaluating whether the amount of punitive damages actually awarded is appropriate.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Robert L. Cloud &amp; Assocs. supra,<\/span>\u00a069 Cal.App.4th at p. 1151, fn. 8.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn order to justify [attorney] fees under\u00a0Civil Code section 3426.4, the court must find that a \u2018willful and malicious misappropriation\u2019 occurred. That requirement is satisfied, in our view, by the jury\u2019s determination, upon clear and convincing evidence, that defendants\u2019 acts of misappropriation were done with malice. This finding was necessary to the award of punitive damages which was made by the jury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vacco Industries, Inc. v. Van Den Berg<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 5 Cal.App.4th 34, 54\u00a0[6 Cal.Rptr.2d 602].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>13 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Equity, \u00a7\u200993<\/div>\n<div>Gaab &amp; Reese, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial\u2014Claims &amp; Defenses, Ch. 10(II)-E \u00b6\u00b6\u200910:385\u201310:388 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0Milgrim on Trade Secrets, Ch. 15,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trial Considerations<\/span>, \u00a7\u200915.02[3][i]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.54[5]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>49\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 565,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unfair Competition<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009565.103[7][c]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Edelson &amp; Kay, eds., Trade Secret Litigation and Protection in California (State Bar of California 2009) \u00a7\u200911.05<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-86dtvt-0ab04513529d1d49d2f9cf72580ad757 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-izs0p-9b0773f409a3ce590f6c431b53ce3e0a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-izs0p-9b0773f409a3ce590f6c431b53ce3e0a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-izs0p-9b0773f409a3ce590f6c431b53ce3e0a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2361","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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