{"id":322,"date":"2021-10-25T04:04:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=322"},"modified":"2022-05-02T19:38:34","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T19:38:34","slug":"caci-350-introduction-to-contract-damages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-350-introduction-to-contract-damages\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 350 Introduction to Contract Damages"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku56itc1-cac8a232cdb117a93dcaa803ae347644\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku56itc1-cac8a232cdb117a93dcaa803ae347644{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku56itc1-cac8a232cdb117a93dcaa803ae347644 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku56itc1-cac8a232cdb117a93dcaa803ae347644 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku56itc1-cac8a232cdb117a93dcaa803ae347644 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 350 Introduction to Contract Damages<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku56ka9p-b95ce4e00cd34ed8c62a241753d8798f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku56ka9p-b95ce4e00cd34ed8c62a241753d8798f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku56ka9p-b95ce4e00cd34ed8c62a241753d8798f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">350\u00a0Introduction to Contract Damages<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If you decide that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has proved [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] claim against [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for breach of contract, you also must decide how much money will reasonably compensate [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for the harm caused by the breach. This compensation is called \u201cdamages.\u201d The purpose of such damages is to put [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] in as good a position as [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] would have been if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had performed as promised.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To recover damages for any harm, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that when the contract was made, both parties knew or could reasonably have foreseen that the harm was likely to occur in the ordinary course of events as result of the breach of the contract.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] also must prove the amount of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] damages according to the following instructions. [He\/She\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/It] does not have to prove the exact amount of damages. You must not speculate or guess in awarding damages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims damages for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">identify general damages claimed<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised October 2004, December 2010 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction should always be read before any of the following specific damages instructions. (See\u00a0CACI Nos. 351\u2013360.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Contract Damages.\u00a0Civil Code section 3300.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Damages Must Be Clearly Ascertainable.\u00a0Civil Code section 3301.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Damages No Greater Than Benefit of Full Performance.\u00a0Civil Code section 3358.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Damages Must Be Reasonable.\u00a0Civil Code section 3359.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAn element of a breach of contract cause of action is damages proximately caused by the defendant\u2019s breach. The statutory measure of damages for breach of contract is \u2018the amount which will compensate the party aggrieved for all the detriment proximately caused thereby, or which, in the ordinary course of things, would be likely to result therefrom.\u2019 \u2018Contract damages seek to approximate the agreed-upon performance. \u201c[I]n the law of contracts the theory is that the party injured by breach should receive as nearly as possible the equivalent of the benefits of performance.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Copenbarger v. Morris Cerullo World Evangelism, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 29 Cal.App.5th 1, 9 [239 Cal.Rptr.3d 838], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThis aim can never be exactly attained yet that is the problem the trial court is required to resolve.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brandon &amp; Tibbs v. George Kevorkian Accountancy Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 226 Cal.App.3d 442, 455 [277 Cal.Rptr. 40], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[D]amages may not exceed the benefit which it would have received had the promisor performed.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brandon &amp; Tibbs, supra,<\/span>\u00a0226 Cal.App.3d at p. 468, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The rules of law governing the recovery of damages for breach of contract are very flexible. Their application in the infinite number of situations that arise is beyond question variable and uncertain. Even more than in the case of other rules of law, they must be regarded merely as guides to the court, leaving much to the individual feeling of the court created by the special circumstances of the particular case.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brandon &amp; Tibbs, supra,<\/span>\u00a0226 Cal.App.3d at p. 455, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cContractual damages are of two types\u2014general damages (sometimes called direct damages) and special damages (sometimes called consequential damages).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lewis Jorge Construction Management, Inc. v. Pomona Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 34 Cal.4th 960, 968 [22 Cal.Rptr.3d 340, 102 P.3d 257].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cGeneral damages are often characterized as those that flow directly and necessarily from a breach of contract, or that are a natural result of a breach. Because general damages are a natural and necessary consequence of a contract breach, they are often said to be within the contemplation of the parties, meaning that because their occurrence is sufficiently predictable the parties at the time of contracting are \u2018deemed\u2019 to have contemplated them.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lewis Jorge Construction Management, Inc., supra<\/span>, 34 Cal.4th at p. 968, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Contract damages are generally limited to those within the contemplation of the parties when the contract was entered into or at least reasonably foreseeable by them at that time; consequential damages beyond the expectation of the parties are not recoverable. This limitation on available damages serves to encourage contractual relations and commercial activity by enabling parties to estimate in advance the financial risks of their enterprise.\u2019 \u2018In contrast, tort damages are awarded to [fully] compensate the victim for [all] injury suffered.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Erlich v. Menezes<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 21 Cal.4th 543, 550 [87 Cal.Rptr.2d 886, 981 P.2d 978], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]f special circumstances caused some unusual injury, special damages are not recoverable therefor unless the circumstances were known or should have been known to the breaching party at the time he entered into the contract.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Resort Video, Ltd. v. Laser Video, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 35 Cal.App.4th 1679, 1697 [42 Cal.Rptr.2d 136], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe detriment that is \u2018likely to result therefrom\u2019 is that which is foreseeable to the breaching party at the time the contract is entered into.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wallis v. Farmers Group, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 718, 737 [269 Cal.Rptr. 299], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere the fact of damages is certain, as here, the amount of damages need not be calculated with absolute certainty. The law requires only that some reasonable basis of computation be used, and the result reached can be a reasonable approximation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Acree v. General Motors Acceptance Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 92 Cal.App.4th 385, 398 [112 Cal.Rptr.2d 99], footnotes and internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnder contract principles, the nonbreaching party is entitled to recover only those damages, including lost future profits, which are \u2018proximately caused\u2019 by the specific breach. Or, to put it another way, the breaching party is only liable to place the nonbreaching party in the same position as if the specific breach had not occurred. Or, to phrase it still a third way, the breaching party is only responsible to give the nonbreaching party the benefit of the bargain to the extent the specific breach deprived that party of its bargain.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Postal Instant Press v. Sealy<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 43 Cal.App.4th 1704, 1709 [51 Cal.Rptr.2d 365], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[D]amages for mental suffering and emotional distress are generally not recoverable in an action for breach of an ordinary commercial contract in California.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Erlich, supra,<\/span>\u00a021 Cal.4th 543 at p. 558, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCases permitting recovery for emotional distress typically involve mental anguish stemming from more personal undertakings the traumatic results of which were unavoidable. Thus, when the express object of the contract is the mental and emotional well-being of one of the contracting parties, the breach of the contract may give rise to damages for mental suffering or emotional distress.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Erlich, supra,<\/span>\u00a021 Cal.4th at p. 559, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe right to recover damages for emotional distress for breach of mortuary and crematorium contracts has been well established in California for many years.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Saari v. Jongordon Corp<\/span>. (1992) 5 Cal.App.4th 797, 803 [7 Cal.Rptr.2d 82], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he principle that attorney fees\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">qua<\/span>\u00a0damages are recoverable as damages, and not as costs of suit, applies equally to breach of contract.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Copenbarger, supra,<\/span>\u00a029 Cal.App.5th at p. 10, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNumerous other cases decided both before and after\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brandt<\/span>\u00a0have likewise recognized that \u2018[a]lthough fee issues are usually addressed to the trial court in the form of a posttrial motion, fees as damages are pleaded and proved by the party claiming them and are decided by the jury unless the parties stipulate to a posttrial procedure.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monster, LLC v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 12 Cal.App.5th 1214, 1229 [219 Cal.Rptr.3d 814].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009894\u2013903<\/div>\n<div>California Breach of Contract Remedies (Cont.Ed.Bar 1980; 2001 supp.) Recovery of Money Damages, \u00a7\u00a7\u20094.1\u20134.9<\/div>\n<div>13\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 140,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009140.55\u2013140.56,\u00a0140.100\u2013140.106\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 177,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009177.70 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>5\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 50,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200950.10\u201350.11\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 65,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages: Contract<\/span>, \u00a7\u200965.20 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Contract Litigation, Ch. 7,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Seeking or Opposing Damages in Contract Actions<\/span>, 7.03 et seq.<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-omk56-0015caea1f2067e2e94fa9885b05cbcd hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jvrzu-e57adbc319042ae5cdae1fcdbbc9b550\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-jvrzu-e57adbc319042ae5cdae1fcdbbc9b550 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jvrzu-e57adbc319042ae5cdae1fcdbbc9b550 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-322","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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