{"id":324,"date":"2021-10-25T04:04:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=324"},"modified":"2022-05-02T19:34:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T19:34:39","slug":"caci-337-affirmative-defense-novation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-337-affirmative-defense-novation\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 337 Affirmative Defense\u2014Novation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku56digj-0047151f86e900cbf1400f061599cb42\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku56digj-0047151f86e900cbf1400f061599cb42{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku56digj-0047151f86e900cbf1400f061599cb42 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku56digj-0047151f86e900cbf1400f061599cb42 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku56digj-0047151f86e900cbf1400f061599cb42 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 337 Affirmative Defense\u2014Novation<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku56g9ki-5fb5b143e9076d4fec8a7e455c5328b8\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku56g9ki-5fb5b143e9076d4fec8a7e455c5328b8 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku56g9ki-5fb5b143e9076d4fec8a7e455c5328b8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">337\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Novation<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that the original contract with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] cannot be enforced because the parties substituted a new and different contract for the original.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To succeed, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that all parties agreed, by words or conduct, to cancel the original contract and to substitute a new contract in its place.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If you decide that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has proved this, then the original contract is not enforceable. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised October 2004 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>If the contract in question is not the original contract, specify which contract it is instead of \u201coriginal.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Although there is language in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alexander v. Angel<\/span>\u00a0(1951) 37 Cal.2d 856, 860\u2013861 [236 P.2d 561]\u00a0that could be read to suggest that a novation must be proved by the higher standard of clear and convincing proof, an examination of the history of that language and the cases upon which the language in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alexander<\/span>\u00a0depends (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Columbia Casualty Co. v. Lewis<\/span>\u00a0(1936) 14 Cal.App.2d 64, 72 [57 P.2d 1010]\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Houghton v. Lawton<\/span>\u00a0(1923) 63 Cal.App. 218, 223 [218 P. 475]) demonstrates that the original use of the term \u201cclear and convincing,\u201d carried forward thereafter without analysis, was intended only to convey the concept that a novation must clearly be shown and may not be presumed. The history of the language does not support a requirement that a party alleging a novation must prove there is a high probability (i.e., clear and convincing proof) that the parties agreed to a novation. See also,\u00a0sections 279\u00a0and\u00a0280 of the Restatement Second of Contracts. A party alleging a novation must prove that the facts supporting the novation are more likely to be true than not true. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Novation.\u00a0Civil Code sections 1530. 1531.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA novation is a substitution, by agreement, of a new obligation for an existing one, with intent to extinguish the latter. A novation is subject to the general rules governing contracts and requires an intent to discharge the old contract, a mutual assent, and a consideration.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Klepper v. Hoover<\/span>\u00a0(1971) 21 Cal.App.3d 460, 463 [98 Cal.Rptr. 482].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Conduct may form the basis for a novation although there is no express writing or agreement. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Silva v. Providence Hospital of Oakland<\/span>\u00a0(1939) 14 Cal.2d 762, 773 [97 P.2d 798].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Novation is a question of fact, and the burden of proving it is upon the party asserting it. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alexander v. Angel<\/span>\u00a0(1951) 37 Cal.2d 856, 860 [236 P.2d 561].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen there is conflicting evidence the question whether the parties to an agreement entered into a modification or a novation is a question of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Howard v. County of Amador<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 962, 980 [269 Cal.Rptr. 807].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe \u2018question whether a novation has taken place is always one of intention,\u2019 with the controlling factor being the intent of the obligee to effect a release of the original obligor on his obligation under the original agreement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alexander, supra,<\/span>\u00a037 Cal.2d at p. 860, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n order for there to be a valid novation, it is necessary that the parties intend that the rights and obligations of the new contract be substituted for the terms and conditions of the old contract.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wade v. Diamond A Cattle Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1975) 44 Cal.App.3d 453, 457 [118 Cal.Rptr. 695].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile the evidence in support of a novation must be \u2018clear and convincing,\u2019 the \u2018whole question is one of fact and depends upon all the facts and circumstances of the particular case,\u2019 with the weight and sufficiency of the proof being matters for the determination of the trier of the facts under the general rules applicable to civil actions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alexander, supra,<\/span>\u00a037 Cal.2d at pp. 860\u2013861, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009992\u2013994<\/div>\n<div>13\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 140,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009140.141\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>5 California Points and Authorities, Ch. 50,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Contracts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200950.450\u201350.464 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>27\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 77,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Discharge of Obligations,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u00a7\u200977.20,\u00a077.280\u201377.282\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Contract Litigation, Ch. 21,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Asserting a Particular Construction of Contract<\/span>, 21.58[3]<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-qa7is-d5f7db48a3a6e2af5efb8c06e2ce882c hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-29k7g-b4f1a2cc69e65d663a1bf9b3efa34c26\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-29k7g-b4f1a2cc69e65d663a1bf9b3efa34c26 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-29k7g-b4f1a2cc69e65d663a1bf9b3efa34c26 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-324","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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