{"id":427,"date":"2021-10-25T04:04:24","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=427"},"modified":"2022-05-02T21:29:53","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T21:29:53","slug":"caci-428-parental-liability-nonstatutory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-428-parental-liability-nonstatutory\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 428 Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5dvrfq-7eee0760d72067d31f84900ba58f90b0\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku5dvrfq-7eee0760d72067d31f84900ba58f90b0{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku5dvrfq-7eee0760d72067d31f84900ba58f90b0 .av-special-heading-tag 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itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5dx228-2cf2f11f2c16586836af779e4f3df597\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku5dx228-2cf2f11f2c16586836af779e4f3df597 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku5dx228-2cf2f11f2c16586836af779e4f3df597 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">428\u00a0Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed because of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s negligent supervision of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of minor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one or both of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[observed [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of minor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s dangerous behavior that led to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s injury;] [or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[was aware of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of minor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s habits or tendencies that created an unreasonable risk of harm to other persons;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had the opportunity and ability to control the conduct of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of minor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was negligent because [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] failed to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one or both of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[exercise reasonable care to prevent [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of minor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct;] [or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[take reasonable precautions to prevent harm to others;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s negligence was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Renumbered from CACI No. 410 December 2013 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is not intended for use for claims of statutory liability against parents or guardians based on a minor\u2019s willful conduct, e.g.,\u00a0Civil Code section 1714.1\u00a0(willful misconduct), section 1714.3 (discharging firearm), or\u00a0Education Code section 48904(a)(1)\u00a0(willful misconduct). <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile it is the rule in California \u2026 that there is no vicarious liability on a parent for the torts of a child there is \u2018another rule of the law relating to the torts of minors, which is somewhat in the nature of an exception, and that is that a parent may become liable for an injury caused by the child where the parent\u2019s negligence made it possible for the child to cause the injury complained of, and probable that it would do so.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ellis v. D\u2019Angelo<\/span>\u00a0(1953) 116 Cal.App.2d 310, 317 [253 P.2d 675], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cParents are responsible for harm caused by their children only when it has been shown that \u2018the parents as reasonable persons previously became aware of habits or tendencies of the infant which made it likely that the child would misbehave so that they should have restrained him in apposite conduct and actions.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reida v. Lund<\/span>\u00a0(1971) 18 Cal.App.3d 698, 702 [96 Cal.Rptr. 102], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn cases where the parent did not observe the child\u2019s conduct which led to the injury, the parent has been held liable where he had been aware of the child\u2019s dangerous propensity or habit and negligently failed to exercise proper control or negligently failed to give appropriate warning. In other cases, where the parent did not observe and was not in a position to control the conduct which endangered the plaintiff, recovery was denied on the ground that there was no showing that the parent knew of any dangerous tendency. What is said about \u2018propensity\u2019 or \u2018habit\u2019 in those cases has no applicability where the parent is present and observes the dangerous behavior and has an opportunity to exercise control but neglects to do so.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Costello v. Hart<\/span>\u00a0(1972) 23 Cal.App.3d 898, 900\u2013901 [100 Cal.Rptr. 554], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The ability to control the child, rather than the relationship as such, is the basis for a finding of liability on the part of a parent.\u2009\u2026 [The] absence of such ability is fatal to a claim of legal responsibility.\u2019 The ability to control is inferred from the relationship of parent to minor child, as it is from the relationship of custodian to charge; yet it may be disproved by the circumstances surrounding the particular situation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Robertson v. Wentz<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 187 Cal.App.3d 1281, 1290 [232 Cal.Rptr. 634], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091378\u20131385<\/div>\n<div>California Tort Guide (Cont.Ed.Bar 3d ed.) General Principles, \u00a7\u20091.25<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 1,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligence: Duty and Breach<\/span>, \u00a7\u20091.12;\u00a0Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.08\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 58,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Assault and Battery<\/span>, \u00a7\u200958.16\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>32\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 367A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Minors: Tort Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009367A.32\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>33\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 380,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligence<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009380.131 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>16\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 165,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligence,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009165.130\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>31\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 100A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Personal Affairs of Minors,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009100A.251\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u00a7\u20093:32\u20133:35 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-su5sb-36828af8a555626c54e1089ee0b9d08e hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-itjj7-4b7b321b6037db48455da82bb925add2\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-itjj7-4b7b321b6037db48455da82bb925add2 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-itjj7-4b7b321b6037db48455da82bb925add2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-427","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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