{"id":429,"date":"2021-10-25T04:04:24","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=429"},"modified":"2022-05-02T21:27:50","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T21:27:50","slug":"caci-426-negligent-hiring-supervision-or-retention-of-employee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-426-negligent-hiring-supervision-or-retention-of-employee\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 426 Negligent Hiring, Supervision, or Retention of Employee"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5dsk2o-b8e795b662ba7eaf5bec4d1b28293cad\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku5dsk2o-b8e795b662ba7eaf5bec4d1b28293cad{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku5dsk2o-b8e795b662ba7eaf5bec4d1b28293cad .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku5dsk2o-b8e795b662ba7eaf5bec4d1b28293cad .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku5dsk2o-b8e795b662ba7eaf5bec4d1b28293cad av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 426 Negligent Hiring, Supervision, or Retention of Employee<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5dtw21-0c7f4133567fef53b6e3671bd98e434b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku5dtw21-0c7f4133567fef53b6e3671bd98e434b .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku5dtw21-0c7f4133567fef53b6e3671bd98e434b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">426\u00a0Negligent Hiring, Supervision, or Retention of Employee<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employer defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is responsible for that harm because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employer defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] negligently [hired\/ supervised\/ [or] retained] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">[<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employer defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] hired [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [[was\/became] [unfit [or] incompetent] to perform the work for which [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was hired\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify other particular risk<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employer defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew or should have known that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [[was\/became] [unfit\/ [or] incompetent]\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other particular risk<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] and that this [unfitness [or] incompetence\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other particular risk<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] created a particular risk to others;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [unfitness [or] incompetence\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other particular risk<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] harmed [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employer defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s negligence in [hiring\/ supervising\/ [or] retaining] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2009; Revised December 2015, June 2016 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the plaintiff alleges that the employer of an employee who caused harm was negligent in the hiring, supervision, or retention of the employee after actual or constructive notice that the employee created a particular risk or hazard to others. For instructions holding the employer vicariously liable (without fault) for the acts of the employee, see the Vicarious Responsibility series,\u00a0CACI No. 3700\u00a0et seq.<\/p>\n<p>Include optional question 1 if the employment relationship between the defendant and the negligent person is contested. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jackson v. AEG Live, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 233 Cal.App.4th 1156, 1185\u20131189 [183 Cal.Rptr.3d 394].) It appears that liability may also be imposed on the hirer of an independent contractor for the negligent selection of the contractor. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noble v. Sears, Roebuck &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1973) 33 Cal.App.3d 654, 662\u2013663 [109 Cal.Rptr. 269].) Therefore, it would not seem to be necessary to instruct on the test to determine whether the relationship is one of employer-employee or hirer-independent contractor. (See\u00a0CACI No. 3704,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Existence of \u201cEmployee\u201d Status Disputed<\/span>.)<\/p>\n<p>Choose \u201cbecame\u201d in elements 2 and 3 in a claim for negligent retention.<\/p>\n<p>In most cases, \u201cunfitness\u201d or \u201cincompetence\u201d (or both) will adequately describe the particular risk that the employee represents. However, there may be cases in which neither word adequately describes the risk that the employer should have known about. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia case law recognizes the theory that an employer can be liable to a third person for negligently hiring, supervising, or retaining an unfit employee.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Doe v. Capital Cities<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 1038, 1054 [58 Cal.Rptr.2d 122].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNegligence liability will be imposed on an employer if it \u2018knew or should have known that hiring the employee created a particular risk or hazard and that particular harm materializes.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Phillips v. TLC Plumbing, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 1133, 1139 [91 Cal.Rptr.3d 864].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Plaintiff] brought several claims against [defendant employer], including negligent hiring, supervising, and retaining [employee], and failure to warn. To prevail on his negligent hiring\/retention claim, [plaintiff] will be required to prove [employee] was [defendant employer]\u2019s agent and [defendant employer] knew or had reason to believe [employee] was likely to engage in sexual abuse. On the negligent supervision and failure to warn claims, [plaintiff] will be required to show [defendant employer] knew or should have known of [employee]\u2019s alleged misconduct and did not act in a reasonable manner when it allegedly recommended him to serve as [plaintiff]\u2019s Bible instructor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lopez v. Watchtower Bible &amp; Tract Society of New York, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 246 Cal.App.4th 566, 591 [201 Cal.Rptr.3d 156], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] negligent supervision claim depends, in part, on a showing that the risk of harm was reasonably foreseeable. [Citations.] \u2018Foreseeability is determined in light of all the circumstances and does not require prior identical events or injuries.\u2019 [Citations.] \u2018\u2009\u201cIt is not necessary to prove that the very injury which occurred must have been foreseeable by the school authorities \u2026. Their negligence is established if a reasonably prudent person would foresee that injuries of the same general type would be likely to happen in the absence of [adequate] safeguards.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">D.Z. v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist<\/span>. (2019) 35 Cal.App.5th 210, 229 [247 Cal.Rptr.3d 127], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLiability for negligent supervision and\/or retention of an employee is one of direct liability for negligence, not vicarious liability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Delfino v. Agilent Technologies, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2006) 145 Cal.App.4th 790, 815 [52 Cal.Rptr.3d 376].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLiability for negligent hiring and supervision is based upon the reasoning that if an enterprise hires individuals with characteristics which might pose a danger to customers or other employees, the enterprise should bear the loss caused by the wrongdoing of its incompetent or unfit employees. The tort has developed in California in factual settings where the plaintiff\u2019s injury occurred in the workplace, or the contact between the plaintiff and the employee was generated by the employment relationship.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mendoza v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 66 Cal.App.4th 1333, 1339\u20131340 [78 Cal.Rptr.2d 525].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo establish negligent supervision, a plaintiff must show that a person in a supervisorial position over the actor had prior knowledge of the actor\u2019s propensity to do the bad act.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Z.V. v. County of Riverside<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 238 Cal.App.4th 889, 902 [189 Cal.Rptr.3d 570].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cApparently, [defendant] had no actual knowledge of [the employee]\u2019s past. But the evidence recounted above presents triable issues of material fact regarding whether the [defendant] had reason to believe [the employee] was unfit or whether the [defendant] failed to use reasonable care in investigating [the employee].\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Evan F. v. Hughson United Methodist Church<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 828, 843 [10 Cal.Rptr.2d 748]; cf.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Flores v. AutoZone West Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 161 Cal.App.4th 373, 384\u2013386 [74 Cal.Rptr.3d 178]\u00a0[employer had no duty to investigate and discover that job applicant had a juvenile delinquency record].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe note that the jury instructions issued by our Judicial Council include \u2018substantial factor\u2019 causation as an element of the tort of negligent hiring, retention, or supervision. The fifth element listed in\u00a0CACI No. 426\u00a0is \u2018[t]hat [name of employer defendant]\u2019s negligence in [hiring\/ supervising\/ [or] retaining] [name of employee]\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">was a substantial factor in causing [name of plaintiff]\u2019s harm.<\/span>\u2019 [\u00b6]\u00a0CACI No. 426\u00a0is consistent with California case law on the causation element of [plaintiff]\u2019s claim against [employer].\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liberty Surplus Ins. Corp. v. Ledesma &amp; Meyer Construction Co., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 5 Cal.5th 216, 224, fn.5 [233 Cal.Rptr.3d 487, 418 P.3d 400], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA claim that an employer was negligent in hiring or retaining an employee-driver rarely differs in substance from a claim that an employer was negligent in entrusting a vehicle to the employee. Awareness, constructive or actual, that a person is unfit or incompetent to drive underlies a claim that an employer was negligent in hiring or retaining that person as a driver. (See Judicial Council of Cal. Civ. Jury Instns. (2011)\u00a0CACI No. 426.) That same awareness underlies a claim for negligent entrustment. (See\u00a0CACI No. 724.) In a typical case, like this, the two claims are functionally identical.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Diaz v. Carcamo<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 51 Cal.4th 1148, 1157 [126 Cal.Rptr.3d 443, 253 P.3d 535].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe language of the instruction used specifies the particular risk at issue in this case. That is consistent with the model instruction, which prompts the user to \u2018specify other particular risk,\u2019 as well as the Directions for Use for\u00a0CACI No. 426, which state: \u2018In most cases, \u201cunfitness\u201d or \u201cincompetence\u201d (or both) will adequately describe the particular risk that the employee represents. However, there may be cases in which neither word adequately describes the risk that the employer should have known about.\u2019 It is also consistent with the case law, discussed above, holding that a claim for negligent supervision requires a showing of foreseeability of a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">particular<\/span>\u00a0risk of harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">D.Z., supra<\/span>, 35 Cal.App.5th at p. 235, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]f an employer admits vicarious liability for its employee\u2019s negligent driving in the scope of employment, \u2018the damages attributable to both employer and employee will be coextensive.\u2019 Thus, when a plaintiff alleges a negligent entrustment or hiring cause of action against the employer and the employer admits vicarious liability for its employee\u2019s negligent driving, the universe of defendants who can be held responsible for plaintiff\u2019s damages is reduced by one\u2014the employer\u2014for purposes of apportioning fault under Proposition 51. Consequently, the employer would not be mentioned on the special verdict form. The jury must divide fault for the accident among the listed tortfeasors, and the employer is liable only for whatever share of fault the jury assigns to the employee.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Diaz, supra<\/span>, 41 Cal.4th at p. 1159, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]hen an employer \u2026 admits vicarious liability, neither the complaint\u2019s allegations of employer misconduct relating to the recovery of punitive damages nor the evidence supporting those allegations are superfluous. Nothing in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Diaz<\/span>\u00a0or\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Armenta<\/span>\u00a0suggests otherwise.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">CRST, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 11 Cal.App.5th 1255, 1264 [218 Cal.Rptr.3d 664].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] public school district may be vicariously liable under [Government Code] section 815.2\u00a0for the negligence of administrators or supervisors in hiring, supervising and retaining a school employee who sexually harasses and abuses a student.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">C.A. v. William S. Hart Union High School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 53 Cal.4th 861, 879 [138 Cal.Rptr.3d 1, 270 P.3d 699].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[P]laintiff premises her direct negligence claim on the hospital\u2019s alleged failure to properly screen [doctor] before engaging her and to properly supervise her after engaging her. Since hiring and supervising medical personnel, as well as safeguarding incapacitated patients, are clearly within the scope of services for which the hospital is licensed, its alleged failure to do so necessarily states a claim for professional negligence. Accordingly, plaintiff cannot pursue a claim of direct negligence against the hospital.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">So v. Shin<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 212 Cal.App.4th 652, 668 [151 Cal.Rptr.3d 257].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Asking] whether [defendant] hired [employee] was necessary given the dispute over who hired [employee]\u2014[defendant] or [decedent]. As the trial court noted, \u2018The employment was neither stipulated nor obvious on its face.\u2019 However, if the trial court began the jury instructions or special verdict form with, \u2018Was [employee] unfit or incompetent to perform the work for which he was hired,\u2019 confusion was likely to result as the question assumed a hiring. Therefore, the jury needed to answer the question of whether [defendant] hired [employee] before it could determine if [defendant] negligently hired, retained, or supervised him.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jackson, supra<\/span>, 233 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1187\u20131188.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAny claim alleging negligent hiring by an employer will be based in part on events predating the employee\u2019s tortious conduct. Plainly, that sequence of events does not itself preclude liability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liberty Surplus Ins. Corp., supra,<\/span>\u00a05 Cal.5th at p. 225, fn. 7.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe find no relevant case law approving a claim for direct liability based on a public entity\u2019s allegedly negligent hiring and supervision practices.\u2009\u2026 Here,\u2009\u2026 there is no statutory basis for declaring a governmental entity liable for negligence in its hiring and supervision practices and, accordingly, plaintiffs\u2019 claim against County based on that theory is barred\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">de\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Villers v. County of San Diego<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 156 Cal.App.4th 238, 252\u2013253 [67 Cal.Rptr.3d 253].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091350<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 5(I)-I,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employment Torts and Related Claims<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Negligence<\/span>, \u00b6\u20095:800 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employment Discrimination and Harassment<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940B.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>21\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 248,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer\u2019s Liability for Employee\u2019s Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009248.12\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 100A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer and Employee: Respondeat Superior<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009100A.22\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-olq4t-02f8f4d61270f7c2e2a9d815e45e4c45 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-j4lol-3d74359fe07f654d77371a1852d9c85b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-j4lol-3d74359fe07f654d77371a1852d9c85b .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-j4lol-3d74359fe07f654d77371a1852d9c85b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-429","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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