{"id":464,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:42","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=464"},"modified":"2022-05-02T21:49:11","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T21:49:11","slug":"caci-462-strict-liability-for-injury-caused-by-domestic-animal-with-dangerous-propensities-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-462-strict-liability-for-injury-caused-by-domestic-animal-with-dangerous-propensities-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 462 Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5f6vrs-73855e1a5cddb05e356e5743dbc41691\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku5f6vrs-73855e1a5cddb05e356e5743dbc41691{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku5f6vrs-73855e1a5cddb05e356e5743dbc41691 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku5f6vrs-73855e1a5cddb05e356e5743dbc41691 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku5f6vrs-73855e1a5cddb05e356e5743dbc41691 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 462 Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  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class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5f7zko-669cbe78e93b7043bdcd8cc2b84da74a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku5f7zko-669cbe78e93b7043bdcd8cc2b84da74a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku5f7zko-669cbe78e93b7043bdcd8cc2b84da74a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">462\u00a0Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert type of animal<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] harmed [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is responsible for that harm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">People who own, keep, or control animals with unusually dangerous natures or tendencies can be held responsible for the harm that their animals cause to others, no matter how carefully they guard or restrain their animals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To establish [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] owned, kept, or controlled a [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert type of animal<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert type of animal<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had an unusually dangerous nature or tendency;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was injured, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew or should have known that the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert type of animal<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had this nature or tendency;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert type of animal<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s unusually dangerous nature or tendency was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised April 2007, June 2013 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction to impose strict liability on an animal owner if the owner knew or should have known that the animal had a dangerous propensity. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Thomas v. Stenberg<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 206 Cal.App.4th 654, 665 [142 Cal.Rptr.3d 24].) There is also strict liability for injuries caused by animals of a type that are inherently dangerous without the need to show the owner\u2019s knowledge of dangerousness. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Baugh v. Beatty<\/span>\u00a0(1949) 91 Cal.App.2d 786, 791\u2013792 [205 P.2d 671]; see\u00a0CACI No. 461,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Wild Animal\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>.)<\/p>\n<p>For an instruction on statutory strict liability under the dog-bite statute, see\u00a0CACI No. 463,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093342)\u2014Essential Factual Elements. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA common law strict liability cause of action may also be maintained if the owner of a domestic animal that bites or injures another person knew or had reason to know of the animal\u2019s vicious propensities. If [defendant] knew or should have known of his dog\u2019s vicious propensities and failed to inform [plaintiff] of such facts, he could be found to have exposed [plaintiff] to an\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">unknown risk<\/span>\u00a0and thereby be held strictly liable at common law for her injuries. Under such circumstances, the defense of primary assumption of risk would not bar [plaintiff]\u2019s claim since she could not be found to have assumed a risk of which she was unaware.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Priebe v. Nelson<\/span>\u00a0(2006) 39 Cal.4th 1112, 1115\u20131116 [47 Cal.Rptr.3d 553, 140 P.3d 848], original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe doctrine of strict liability for harm done by animals has developed along two separate and independent lines: (1) Strict liability for damages by trespassing livestock, and (2) strict liability apart from trespass (a) for damages by animals of a species regarded as inherently dangerous, and (b) for damages by animals of a species not so regarded but which, in the particular case, possess dangerous propensities which were or should have been known to the possessor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Thomas<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 206 Cal.App.4th at p. 665.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia has long followed the common law rule of strict liability for harm done by a domestic animal with known vicious or dangerous propensities abnormal to its class.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Drake v. Dean<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 15 Cal.App.4th 915, 921 [19 Cal.Rptr.2d 325].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Any propensity that is likely to cause injury under the circumstances is a dangerous or vicious propensity within the meaning of the law. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Talizin v. Oak Creek Riding Club<\/span>\u00a0(1959) 176 Cal.App.2d 429, 437 [1 Cal.Rptr. 514].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">The question of whether a domestic animal is vicious or dangerous is ordinarily a factual one for the jury. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Heath v. Fruzia<\/span>\u00a0(1942) 50 Cal.App.2d 598, 601 [123 P.2d 560].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The gist of the action is not the manner of keeping the vicious animal, but the keeping him at all with knowledge of the vicious propensities. In such instances the owner is an insurer against the acts of the animal, to one who is injured without fault, and the question of the owner\u2019s negligence is not in the case.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hillman v. Garcia-Ruby<\/span>\u00a0(1955) 44 Cal.2d 625, 626 [283 P.2d 1033], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe absolute duty to restrain the dog could not be invoked unless the jury found, not only that the dog had the alleged dangerous propensity, but that defendants knew or should have known that it had.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hillman, supra,<\/span>\u00a044 Cal.2d at p. 628.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[N]egligence may be predicated on the characteristics of the animal which, although not abnormal to its class, create a foreseeable risk of harm. As to those characteristics, the owner has a duty to anticipate the harm and to exercise ordinary care to prevent the harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Drake, supra,<\/span>\u00a015 Cal.App.4th at p. 929.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is well settled in cases such as this (the case involved a bull) that the owner of an animal, not naturally vicious, is not liable for an injury done by it, unless two propositions are established: 1. That the animal in fact was vicious, and 2. That the owner knew it.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mann v. Stanley<\/span>\u00a0(1956) 141 Cal.App.2d 438, 441 [296 P.2d 921].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091575\u20131588 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>California Tort Guide (Cont.Ed.Bar 3d ed.) \u00a7\u00a7\u20093.3\u20133.6<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 6,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Strict Liability for Injuries Caused by Animals<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u20096.01\u20136.10\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 23,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Animals: Civil Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u200923.33 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 California Civil Practice: Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20092:20\u20132:21 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-opji8-9198dbfdfe77498b89125be57f36326a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-n5yqg-ec81a5d9108844eddc995f925715b9bb\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-n5yqg-ec81a5d9108844eddc995f925715b9bb .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-n5yqg-ec81a5d9108844eddc995f925715b9bb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-464","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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