{"id":467,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:28","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=467"},"modified":"2022-05-02T21:47:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T21:47:02","slug":"caci-457-statute-of-limitations-equitable-tolling-other-prior-proceeding","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-457-statute-of-limitations-equitable-tolling-other-prior-proceeding\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 457 Statute of Limitations\u2014Equitable Tolling\u2014Other Prior Proceeding"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5f1xmo-7695393fa0ef39528c8a935112c603b1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku5f1xmo-7695393fa0ef39528c8a935112c603b1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku5f1xmo-7695393fa0ef39528c8a935112c603b1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku5f1xmo-7695393fa0ef39528c8a935112c603b1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku5f1xmo-7695393fa0ef39528c8a935112c603b1 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 457 Statute of Limitations\u2014Equitable Tolling\u2014Other Prior Proceeding<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5f36rd-09f5d8d2d940777e0b1f5963b38ffb27\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku5f36rd-09f5d8d2d940777e0b1f5963b38ffb27 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku5f36rd-09f5d8d2d940777e0b1f5963b38ffb27 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">457\u00a0Statute of Limitations\u2014Equitable Tolling\u2014Other Prior Proceeding<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that even if [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] lawsuit was not filed by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert date from applicable statute of limitations<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] may still proceed because the deadline for filing the lawsuit was extended by the time during which [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify prior proceeding that qualifies as the tolling event, e.g., she was seeking workers\u2019 compensation benefits<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. In order to establish the right to proceed, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">1.<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] received timely notice that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., seeking workers\u2019 compensation<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] instead of filing a lawsuit;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">2.<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the facts of the two claims were so similar that an investigation of the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., workers\u2019 compensation claim<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] gave or would have given [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] the information needed to defend the lawsuit; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">3.<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was acting reasonably and in good faith by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., seeking workers\u2019 compensation<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">For [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to have received timely notice, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must have filed the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., workers\u2019 compensation claim<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert date from applicable statute of limitations<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., claim<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] notified [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] of the need to begin investigating the facts that form the basis for the lawsuit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In considering whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted reasonably and in good faith, you may consider the amount of time after the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., workers\u2019 compensation claim<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [resolved\/abandoned] before [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] filed the lawsuit. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2009; Revised December 2014 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Equitable tolling, including any disputed issue of fact, is to be decided by the court, even if there are disputed issues of fact. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hopkins v. Kedzierski<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 225 Cal.App.4th 736, 745 [170 Cal.Rptr.3d 551].) This instruction is for use if the court submits the issue to the jury for advisory findings.<\/p>\n<p>Equitable tolling is not available for legal malpractice (see\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Laird v. Blacker<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 2 Cal.4th 606, 618 [7 Cal.Rptr.2d 550, 828 P.2d 691]\u00a0[statutory tolling provisions of\u00a0Code Civ Proc., \u00a7\u2009340.6\u00a0are exclusive for both one-year and four-year limitation periods]; see also\u00a0CACI No. 610,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense<\/span>\u2014<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Statute of Limitations\u2014Attorney Malpractice\u2014One-Year Limit<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No. 611,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Attorney Malpractice\u2014Four-Year Limit<\/span>) nor for medical malpractice with regard to the three-year limitation period of\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 340.5. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Belton v. Bowers Ambulance Serv.<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 20 Cal.4th 928, 934 [86 Cal.Rptr.2d 107, 978 P.2d 591]\u00a0[statutory tolling provisions of\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009340.5\u00a0are exclusive only for three-year period; one-year period may be tolled on other grounds]; see also\u00a0CACI No. 555,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Medical Malpractice\u2014One-Year Limit<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No. 556,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Medical Malpractice\u2014Three-Year Limit<\/span>.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Tolling for Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Investigation.\u00a0Government Code section 12965(d)(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe equitable tolling of statutes of limitations is a judicially created, nonstatutory doctrine. It is \u2018designed to prevent unjust and technical forfeitures of the right to a trial on the merits when the purpose of the statute of limitations\u2014timely notice to the defendant of the plaintiff\u2019s claims\u2014has been satisfied.\u2019 Where applicable, the doctrine will \u2018suspend or extend a statute of limitations as necessary to ensure fundamental practicality and fairness.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McDonald v. Antelope Valley Community College Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 45 Cal.4th 88, 99 [84 Cal.Rptr.3d 734, 194 P.3d 1026], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe purpose of equitable tolling is to \u2018ease[] the pressure on parties \u201cconcurrently to seek redress in two separate forums with the attendant danger of conflicting decisions on the same issue.\u201d\u2009\u2019 It is intended to benefit the court system \u2018by reducing the costs associated with a duplicative filing requirement, in many instances rendering later court proceedings either easier and cheaper to resolve or wholly unnecessary.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Long v. Forty Niners Football Co<\/span>. (2019) 33 Cal.App.5th 550, 555 [244 Cal.Rptr.3d 887], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile the case law is not entirely clear, it appears that the weight of authority supports our conclusion that whether a plaintiff has demonstrated the elements of equitable tolling presents a question of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hopkins, supra<\/span>, 225 Cal.App.4th at p. 755.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[E]quitable tolling, \u2018[a]s the name suggests \u2026 is an equitable issue for court resolution.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hopkins, supra<\/span>, 225 Cal.App.4th at p. 745.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile the judge determines equitable causes of action, the judge may (in rare instances) empanel an advisory jury to make preliminary factual findings. The factual findings are purely advisory because, on equitable causes of action, the judge is the proper fact finder. \u2018[W]hile a jury may be used for advisory verdicts as to questions of fact [in equitable actions], it is the duty of the trial court to make its own independent findings and to adopt or reject the findings of the jury as it deems proper.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hoopes v. Dolan<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 168 Cal.App.4th 146, 156 [85 Cal.Rptr.3d 337], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[CACI No. 457\u00a0is] appropriate for use when a trial court \u2018empanel[s] an advisory jury to make preliminary factual findings,\u2019 with respect to equitable \u2026 tolling.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hopkins, supra<\/span>, 225 Cal.App.4th at p. 745.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe equitable tolling doctrine rests on the concept that a plaintiff should not be barred by a statute of limitations unless the defendant would be unfairly prejudiced if the plaintiff were allowed to proceed. \u2018[T]he primary purpose of the statute of limitations is normally satisfied when the defendant receives timely notification of the first of two proceedings.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Aguilera v. Heiman<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 590, 598 [95 Cal.Rptr.3d 18], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBroadly speaking, the doctrine applies \u2018\u2009\u201c[w]hen an injured person has several legal remedies and, reasonably and in good faith, pursues one.\u201d\u2009\u2019 [Citation.] Thus, it may apply where one action stands to lessen the harm that is the subject of a potential second action; where administrative remedies must be exhausted before a second action can proceed; or where a first action, embarked upon in good faith, is found to be defective for some reason.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wassmann v. South Orange County Community College Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 24 Cal.App.5th 825, 853 [234 Cal.Rptr.3d 712].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he effect of equitable tolling is that the limitations period stops running during the tolling event, and begins to run again only when the tolling event has concluded. As a consequence, the tolled interval, no matter when it took place, is tacked onto the end of the limitations period, thus extending the deadline for suit by the entire length of time during which the tolling event previously occurred.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lantzy v. Centex Homes<\/span>\u00a0(2003) 31 Cal.4th 363, 370\u2013371 [2 Cal.Rptr.3d 655, 73 P.3d 517].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA major reason for applying the doctrine is to avoid \u2018the hardship of compelling plaintiffs to pursue several duplicative actions simultaneously on the same set of facts.\u2019 \u2018[D]isposition of a case filed in one forum may render proceedings in the second unnecessary or easier and less expensive to resolve.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Guevara v. Ventura County Community College Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 169 Cal.App.4th 167, 174 [87 Cal.Rptr.3d 50], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]pplication of the doctrine of equitable tolling requires timely notice, and lack of prejudice, to the defendant, and reasonable and good faith conduct on the part of the plaintiff. These elements seemingly are present here. As noted, the federal court, without prejudice, declined to assert jurisdiction over a timely filed state law cause of action and plaintiffs thereafter promptly asserted that cause in the proper state court. Unquestionably, the same set of facts may be the basis for claims under both federal and state law. We discern no reason of policy which would require plaintiffs to file simultaneously two separate actions based upon the same facts in both state and federal courts since \u2018duplicative proceedings are surely inefficient, awkward and laborious.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Addison v. State<\/span>\u00a0(1978) 21 Cal.3d 313, 319 [146 Cal.Rptr. 224, 578 P.2d 941], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018\u2009\u201cThe timely notice requirement essentially means that the first claim must have been filed within the statutory period. Furthermore[,] the filing of the first claim must alert the defendant in the second claim of the need to begin investigating the facts which form the basis for the second claim. Generally this means that the defendant in the first claim is the same one being sued in the second.\u201d \u201cThe second prerequisite essentially translates to a requirement that the facts of the two claims be identical or at least so similar that the defendant\u2019s investigation of the first claim will put him in a position to fairly defend the second.\u201d \u201cThe third prerequisite of good faith and reasonable conduct on the part of the plaintiff is less clearly defined in the cases. But in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Addison v. State of California, supra<\/span>, 21 Cal.3d 313[,] the Supreme Court did stress that the plaintiff filed his second claim a short time after tolling ended.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McDonald, supra<\/span>, 45 Cal.4th at p. 102, fn. 2, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe third requirement of good faith and reasonable conduct may turn on whether \u2018a plaintiff delayed filing the second claim until the statute on that claim had nearly run \u2026\u2019 or \u2018whether the plaintiff [took] affirmative actions which \u2026 misle[d] the defendant into believing the plaintiff was foregoing his second claim.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tarkington v. California Unemployment Ins. Appeals Bd.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 1494, 1505 [92 Cal.Rptr.3d 131].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere exhaustion of an administrative remedy is mandatory prior to filing suit, equitable tolling is automatic: \u2018It has long been settled in this and other jurisdictions that whenever the exhaustion of administrative remedies is a prerequisite to the initiation of a civil action, the running of the limitations period is tolled during the time consumed by the administrative proceeding.\u2019 This rule prevents administrative exhaustion requirements from rendering illusory nonadministrative remedies contingent on exhaustion.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McDonald, supra<\/span>, 45 Cal.4th at p. 101, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe trial court rejected equitable tolling on the apparent ground that tolling was unavailable where, as here, the plaintiff was advised the alternate administrative procedure he or she was pursuing was voluntary and need not be exhausted. In reversing summary judgment, the Court of Appeal implicitly concluded equitable tolling is in fact available in such circumstances and explicitly concluded equitable tolling is not foreclosed as a matter of law under the FEHA. The Court of Appeal was correct on each count.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McDonald, supra<\/span>, 45 Cal.4th at p. 114.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEquitable tolling and equitable estoppel [see\u00a0CACI No. 456] are distinct doctrines. \u2018\u2009\u201cTolling, strictly speaking, is concerned with the point at which the limitations period begins to run and with the circumstances in which the running of the limitations period may be suspended.\u2009\u2026 Equitable estoppel, however,\u2009\u2026 comes into play only after the limitations period has run and addresses \u2026 the circumstances in which a party will be estopped from asserting the statute of limitations as a defense to an admittedly untimely action because his conduct has induced another into forbearing suit within the applicable limitations period. [Equitable estoppel] is wholly independent of the limitations period itself and takes its life \u2026 from the equitable principle that no man [may] profit from his own wrongdoing in a court of justice.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lantzy, supra<\/span>, 31 Cal.4th at pp. 383\u2013384.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[V]oluntary abandonment [of the first proceeding] does not categorically bar application of equitable tolling, but it may be relevant to whether a plaintiff can satisfy the three criteria for equitable tolling.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McDonald, supra<\/span>, 45 Cal.4th at p. 111.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe equitable tolling doctrine generally requires a showing that the plaintiff is seeking an alternate remedy in an established procedural context. Informal negotiations or discussions between an employer and employee do not toll a statute of limitations under the equitable tolling doctrine.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Acuna v. San Diego Gas &amp; Electric Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 1402, 1416 [159 Cal.Rptr.3d 749], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTolling the FEHA limitation period while the employee awaits the outcome of an EEOC investigation furthers several policy objectives: (1) the defendant receives timely notice of the claim; (2) the plaintiff is relieved of the obligation of pursuing simultaneous actions on the same set of facts; and (3) the costs of duplicate proceedings often are avoided or reduced.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mitchell v. State Dept. of Public Health<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 1 Cal.App.5th 1000, 1008 [205 Cal.Rptr.3d 261].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[P]utative class members would be ill advised to rely on the mere filing of a class action complaint to toll their individual statute of limitations.\u2019 A trial court may, nonetheless, apply tolling to save untimely claims. But in doing so, the court must address \u2018two major policy considerations.\u2019 The first is \u2018protection of the class action device,\u2019 which requires the court to determine whether the denial of class certification was \u2018unforeseeable by class members,\u2019 or whether potential members, in anticipation of a negative ruling, had already filed \u2018\u2009\u201cprotective motions to intervene or to join in the event that a class was later found unsuitable,\u201d depriving class actions \u201cof the efficiency and economy of litigation which is a principal purpose of the procedure.\u201d\u2009\u2019 The second consideration is \u2018effectuation of the purposes of the statute of limitations,\u2019 and requires the court to determine whether commencement of the class suit \u2018\u2009\u201cnotifie[d] the defendants not only of the substantive claims being brought against them, but also of the number and generic identities of the potential plaintiffs who may participate in the judgment.\u201d [Citation.] In these circumstances,\u2009\u2026\u2009the purposes of the statute of limitations would not be violated by a decision to toll.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Batze v. Safeway, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 440, 482\u2013483 [216 Cal.Rptr.3d 390], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSection 340.6, subdivision (a), states that \u2018in no event\u2019 shall the prescriptive period be tolled except under those circumstances specified in the statute. Thus, the Legislature expressly intended to disallow tolling under any circumstances not enumerated in the statute.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Laird, supra<\/span>, 2 Cal.4th at p. 618\u00a0[applying rule to one-year limitation period].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe see no reason to apply the second sentence of section 340.5 to the one-year period it does not mention, in addition to the three-year period it does mention. The general purpose of MICRA does not require us to expand that sentence beyond its language.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Belton, supra<\/span>, 20 Cal.4th at p. 934\u00a0[rejecting application of rule to one-year limitation period].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[E]quitable tolling has never been applied to allow a plaintiff to extend the time for pursuing an administrative remedy by filing a lawsuit. Despite broad language used by courts in employing the doctrine, equitable tolling has been applied almost exclusively to extend statutory deadlines for judicial actions, rather than deadlines for commencing administrative proceedings.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bjorndal v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 1100, 1109 [150 Cal.Rptr.3d 405].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPlaintiffs cite no authority, and we are aware of none, that would allow a plaintiff in one case to equitably toll the limitation period based on the filing of a stranger\u2019s lawsuit.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reid v. City of San Diego<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 23 Cal.App.5th 901, 916 [234 Cal.Rptr.3d 636].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEquitable tolling applies to claims under FEHA during the period in which the plaintiff exhausts administrative remedies or when the plaintiff voluntarily pursues an administrative remedy or nonmandatory grievance procedure, even if exhaustion of that remedy is not mandatory.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wassmann, supra,<\/span>\u00a024 Cal.App.5th at pp. 853\u2013854.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>4 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Actions, \u00a7\u2009760 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>Turner et al., California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial\u2014Statutes of Limitations, Ch. 1-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Definitions And Distinctions<\/span>\u00a0\u00b6\u20091:57.2 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 32,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability of Attorneys<\/span>, \u00a7\u200932.60[1][g.1] (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>30\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 345,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Limitation of Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009345.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>14\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 143,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Limitation of Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009143.46\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-pcayb-d77b6a77702ebc4d37cffd4e2df26507 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jkm3n-acb846dbddf1d5e84553dd4d7a61e809\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-jkm3n-acb846dbddf1d5e84553dd4d7a61e809 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jkm3n-acb846dbddf1d5e84553dd4d7a61e809 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-467","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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