{"id":469,"date":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=469"},"modified":"2022-05-02T21:45:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T21:45:15","slug":"caci-455-statute-of-limitations-delayed-discovery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-455-statute-of-limitations-delayed-discovery\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 455 Statute of Limitations\u2014Delayed Discovery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5eygob-8c819591a55f5908ee0feb34732b50c9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku5eygob-8c819591a55f5908ee0feb34732b50c9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku5eygob-8c819591a55f5908ee0feb34732b50c9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku5eygob-8c819591a55f5908ee0feb34732b50c9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku5eygob-8c819591a55f5908ee0feb34732b50c9 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 455 Statute of Limitations\u2014Delayed Discovery<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku5eznad-cf94b80e082c77f15c0c9de349cc6bd4\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku5eznad-cf94b80e082c77f15c0c9de349cc6bd4 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku5eznad-cf94b80e082c77f15c0c9de349cc6bd4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">455\u00a0Statute of Limitations\u2014Delayed Discovery<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s claimed harm occurred before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert date from applicable statute of limitations<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s lawsuit was still filed on time if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that before that date,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not discover, and did not know of facts that would have caused a reasonable person to suspect, that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] had suffered harm that was caused by someone\u2019s wrongful conduct.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not discover, and a reasonable and diligent investigation would not have disclosed, that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify factual basis for cause of action, e.g., \u201ca medical device\u201d or \u201cinadequate medical treatment\u201d<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] contributed to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New April 2007; Revised December 2007, April 2009, December 2009, May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Read this instruction with the first option after\u00a0CACI No. 454,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations<\/span>, if the plaintiff seeks to overcome the statute-of-limitations defense by asserting the \u201cdelayed-discovery rule\u201d or \u201cdiscovery rule.\u201d The discovery rule provides that the accrual date of a cause of action is delayed until the plaintiff is aware of the plaintiff\u2019s injury and its negligent cause. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jolly v. Eli Lilly &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1988) 44 Cal.3d 1103, 1109 [245 Cal.Rptr. 658, 751 P.2d 923].) The date to be inserted is the applicable limitation period before the filing date. For example, if the limitation period is two years and the filing date is August 31, 2009, the date is August 31, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>If the facts suggest that even if the plaintiff had conducted a timely and reasonable investigation, it would not have disclosed the limitation-triggering information, read the second option. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fox v. Ethicon Endo-Surgery<\/span>\u00a0(2005) 35 Cal.4th 797 [27 Cal.Rptr.3d 661, 110 P.3d 914]\u00a0[fact that plaintiff suspected her injury was caused by surgeon\u2019s negligence and timely filed action for medical negligence against health care provider did not preclude \u201cdiscovery rule\u201d from delaying accrual of limitations period on products liability cause of action against medical staple manufacturer whose role in causing injury was not known and could not have been reasonably discovered within the applicable limitations period commencing from date of injury].)<\/p>\n<p>See also verdict form\u00a0CACI No. VF-410,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Statute of Limitations<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Delayed Discovery\u2014<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reasonable Investigation Would Not Have Disclosed Pertinent Facts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Do not use this instruction for medical malpractice (see\u00a0CACI No. 555,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Medical Malpractice\u2014One-Year Limit,<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 556,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Medical Malpractice\u2014Three-Year Limit<\/span>) or attorney malpractice (see\u00a0CACI No. 610,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Attorney Malpractice\u2014One-Year Limit,<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 611,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Attorney Malpractice\u2014Four-Year Limit<\/span>). Also, do not use this instruction if the case was timely but a fictitiously named defendant was identified and substituted in after the limitation period expired. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McOwen v. Grossman<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 937, 942 [63 Cal.Rptr.3d 615]\u00a0[if lawsuit is initiated within the applicable period of limitations against one party and the plaintiff has complied with\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 474\u00a0by alleging the existence of unknown additional defendants, the relevant inquiry when the plaintiff seeks to substitute a real defendant for one sued fictitiously is what facts the plaintiff actually knew at the time the original complaint was filed].)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cClaimed harm\u201d refers to all of the elements of the cause of action, which must have occurred before the cause of action accrues and the limitation period begins. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Glue-Fold, Inc. v. Slautterback Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 1018, 1029 [98 Cal.Rptr.2d 661].) In some cases, it may be necessary to modify this term to refer to specific facts that give rise to the cause of action. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAn exception to the general rule for defining the accrual of a cause of action\u2014indeed, the \u2018most important\u2019 one\u2014is the discovery rule.\u2009\u2026 It postpones accrual of a cause of action until the plaintiff discovers, or has reason to discover, the cause of action. [\u00b6] \u2026 [T]he plaintiff discovers the cause of action when he at least suspects a factual basis, as opposed to a legal theory, for its elements, even if he lacks knowledge thereof\u2014when, simply put, he at least \u2018suspects \u2026 that someone has done something wrong\u2019 to him, \u2018wrong\u2019 being used, not in any technical sense, but rather in accordance with its \u2018lay understanding.\u2019 He has reason to discover the cause of action when he has reason at least to suspect a factual basis for its elements. He has reason to suspect when he has \u2018notice or information of circumstances to put a reasonable person on\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">inquiry<\/span>\u2019; he need not know the \u2018specific \u201cfacts\u201d necessary to establish\u2019 the cause of action; rather, he may seek to learn such facts through the \u2018process contemplated by pretrial discovery\u2019; but, within the applicable limitations period, he must indeed seek to learn the facts necessary to bring the cause of action in the first place\u2014he \u2018cannot wait for\u2019 them to \u2018find him\u2019 and \u2018sit on\u2019 his \u2018rights\u2019; he \u2018must go find\u2019 them himself if he can and \u2018file suit\u2019 if he does.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Norgart v. Upjohn Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 21 Cal.4th 383, 397\u2013398 [87 Cal.Rptr.2d 453, 981 P.2d 79], original italics, internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]t is the discovery of facts, not their legal significance, that starts the statute.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jolly, supra,<\/span>\u00a044 Cal.3d at p. 1113.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jolly<\/span>\u00a0\u2018sets forth two alternate tests for triggering the limitations period: (1) a subjective test requiring actual suspicion by the plaintiff that the injury was caused by wrongdoing; and (2) an objective test requiring a showing that a reasonable person would have suspected the injury was caused by wrongdoing. [Citation.] The first to occur under these two tests begins the limitations period.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nguyen v. Western Digital Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 229 Cal.App.4th 1522, 1552 [178 Cal.Rptr.3d 897].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile ignorance of the existence of an injury or cause of action may delay the running of the statute of limitations until the date of discovery, the general rule in California has been that ignorance of the identity of the defendant is not essential to a claim and therefore will not toll the statute.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bernson v. Browning-Ferris Industries<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 7 Cal.4th 926, 932 [30 Cal.Rptr.2d 440, 873 P.2d 613].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[U]nder the delayed discovery rule, a cause of action accrues and the statute of limitations begins to run when the plaintiff has reason to suspect an injury and some wrongful cause, unless the plaintiff pleads and proves that a reasonable investigation at that time would not have revealed a factual basis for that particular cause of action. In that case, the statute of limitations for that cause of action will be tolled until such time as a reasonable investigation would have revealed its factual basis.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fox, supra,<\/span>\u00a035 Cal.4th at p. 803.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]s\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fox<\/span>\u00a0teaches, claims based on two independent legal theories against two separate defendants can accrue at different times.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">E-Fab, Inc. v. Accountants, Inc. Services<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 1308, 1323 [64 Cal.Rptr.3d 9].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA limitation period does not begin until a cause of action accrues, i.e., all essential elements are present and a claim becomes legally actionable. Developed to mitigate the harsh results produced by strict definitions of accrual, the common law discovery rule postpones accrual until a plaintiff discovers or has reason to discover the cause of action.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Glue-Fold, Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a082 Cal.App.4th at p. 1029, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA plaintiff\u2019s inability to discover a cause of action may occur \u2018when it is particularly difficult for the plaintiff to observe or understand the breach of duty, or when the injury itself (or its cause) is hidden or beyond what the ordinary person could be expected to understand.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">NBCUniversal Media, LLC v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 225 Cal.App.4th 1222, 1232 [171 Cal.Rptr.3d 1].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he plaintiff may discover, or have reason to discover, the cause of action even if he does not suspect, or have reason to suspect, the identity of the defendant. That is because the identity of the defendant is not an element of any cause of action. It follows that failure to discover, or have reason to discover, the identity of the defendant does not postpone the accrual of a cause of action, whereas a like failure concerning the cause of action itself does. \u2018Although never fully articulated, the rationale for distinguishing between ignorance\u2019 of the defendant and \u2018ignorance\u2019 of the cause of action itself \u2018appears to be premised on the commonsense assumption that once the plaintiff is aware of\u2019 the latter, he \u2018normally\u2019 has \u2018sufficient opportunity,\u2019 within the \u2018applicable limitations period,\u2019 \u2018to discover the identity\u2019 of the former. He may \u2018often effectively extend[]\u2019 the limitations period in question \u2018by the filing\u2019 and amendment \u2018of a Doe complaint\u2019 and invocation of the relation-back doctrine. \u2018Where\u2019 he knows the \u2018identity of at least one defendant\u2009\u2026\u2009, [he] must\u2019 proceed thus.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Norgart, supra,<\/span>\u00a021 Cal.4th at p. 399, internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe discovery rule only delays accrual until the plaintiff has, or should have, inquiry notice of the cause of action. The discovery rule does not encourage dilatory tactics because plaintiffs are charged with presumptive knowledge of an injury if they have \u2018\u2009\u201c\u2009\u2018information of circumstances to put [them] on inquiry\u2019\u2009\u201d\u2009\u2019 or if they have \u2018\u2009\u201c\u2009\u2018the opportunity to obtain knowledge from sources open to [their] investigation.\u2019\u2009\u201d\u2009\u2019 In other words, plaintiffs are required to conduct a reasonable investigation after becoming aware of an injury, and are charged with knowledge of the information that would have been revealed by such an investigation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fox, supra,<\/span>\u00a035 Cal.4th at pp. 807\u2013808, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThus, a two-part analysis is used to assess when a claim has accrued under the discovery rule. The initial step focuses on whether the plaintiff possessed information that would cause a reasonable person to inquire into the cause of his injuries. Under California law, this inquiry duty arises when the plaintiff becomes aware of facts that would cause a reasonably prudent person to suspect his injuries were the result of wrongdoing. If the plaintiff was in possession of such facts, thereby triggering his duty to investigate, it must next be determined whether \u2018such an investigation would have disclosed a factual basis for a cause of action[.] [T]he statute of limitations begins to run on that cause of action when the investigation would have brought such information to light.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alexander v. Exxon Mobil<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 1236, 1251 [162 Cal.Rptr.3d 617], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]f continuing injury from a completed act generally extended the limitations periods, those periods would lack meaning. Parties could file suit at any time, as long as their injuries persisted. This is not the law. The time bar starts running when the plaintiff first learns of actionable injury, even if the injury will linger or compound. \u2018\u2009\u201c\u2009\u2018[W]here an injury, although slight, is sustained in consequence of the wrongful act of another, and the law affords a remedy therefor, the statute of limitations attaches at once.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">It is not material that all the damages resulting from the act shall have been sustained at that time, and the running of the statute is not postponed by the fact that the actual or substantial damages do not occur until a later date<\/span>\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019\u2009\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vaca v. Wachovia Mortgage Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 198 Cal.App.4th 737, 745 [129 Cal.Rptr.3d 354], original italics, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he discovery rule \u2018may be applied to breaches [of contract] which can be, and are, committed in secret and, moreover, where the harm flowing from those breaches will not be reasonably discoverable by plaintiffs until a future time.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wind Dancer Production Group v. Walt Disney Pictures<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 56, 73 [215 Cal.Rptr.3d 835].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he trial court erred in concluding that the discovery rule did not pertain to the limitations period of section 335.1 for medical battery claims.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Daley v. Regents of University of California<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 39 Cal.App.5th 595, 606 [252 Cal.Rptr.3d 273].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">There is no doctrine of constructive or imputed suspicion arising from media coverage. \u201c[Defendant]\u2019s argument amounts to a contention that, having taken a prescription drug, [plaintiff] had an obligation to read newspapers and watch television news and otherwise seek out news of dangerous side effects not disclosed by the prescribing doctor, or indeed by the drug manufacturer, and that if she failed in this obligation, she could lose her right to sue. We see no such obligation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nelson v. Indevus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2006) 142 Cal.App.4th 1202, 1206 [48 Cal.Rptr.3d 668].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe statute of limitations does not begin to run when some members of the public have a suspicion of wrongdoing, but only \u2018[o]nce the plaintiff\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">has<\/span>\u00a0a suspicion of wrongdoing.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unruh-Haxton v. Regents of University of California<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 162 Cal.App.4th 343, 364 [76 Cal.Rptr.3d 146], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cGenerally, the bar of the statute of limitations is raised as an affirmative defense, subject to proof by the defendant. [\u00b6] However, when a plaintiff relies on the discovery rule or allegations of fraudulent concealment as excuses for an apparently belated filing of a complaint, \u2018the burden of pleading and proving belated discovery of a cause of action falls on the plaintiff.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Czajkowski v. Haskell &amp; White, LLP<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 208 Cal.App.4th 166, 174 [144 Cal.Rptr.3d 522].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[R]esolution of the statute of limitations issue is normally a question of fact \u2026\u2009.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Romano v. Rockwell Internat., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 14 Cal.4th 479, 487 [59 Cal.Rptr.2d 20, 926 P.2d 1114].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cMore specifically, as to accrual, \u2018once properly pleaded, belated discovery is a question of fact.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nguyen, supra<\/span>, 229 Cal.App.4th at p. 1552.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Actions, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009493\u2013507, 553\u2013592, 673<\/div>\n<div>Haning et al., California Practice Guide: Personal Injury, Ch. 5-B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">When To Sue\u2014Statute Of Limitations<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20095:108\u20135:111.6 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>5 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 71,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Commencement, Prosecution, and Dismissal of Tort Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u200971.03[3]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>30\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 345,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Limitation of Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009345.19[3]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>14\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 143,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Limitation of Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009143.47,\u00a0143.52\u00a0et seq.\u2009 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Pretrial Civil Procedure, Ch. 4,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Limitation of Actions<\/span>, 4.15<\/div>\n<div>McDonald, California Medical Malpractice: Law and Practice \u00a7\u00a7\u20097:1\u20137:7 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-tb80l-64568fac933f9fb51d0644af26f22017 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-leoyl-188bd135afd592986a9c99728959187f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-leoyl-188bd135afd592986a9c99728959187f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-leoyl-188bd135afd592986a9c99728959187f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-469","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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