{"id":673,"date":"2021-10-25T03:59:16","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=673"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:21:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:21:15","slug":"caci-901-status-of-common-carrier-disputed","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-901-status-of-common-carrier-disputed\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 901 Status of Common Carrier Disputed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6md27z-cf35019e9201f4a9f6d808bbaaa4aaf5\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6md27z-cf35019e9201f4a9f6d808bbaaa4aaf5{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6md27z-cf35019e9201f4a9f6d808bbaaa4aaf5 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6md27z-cf35019e9201f4a9f6d808bbaaa4aaf5 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6md27z-cf35019e9201f4a9f6d808bbaaa4aaf5 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 901 Status of Common Carrier Disputed<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6me9js-fc28b93f91abbe0a4560072e8bfe6f63\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6me9js-fc28b93f91abbe0a4560072e8bfe6f63 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6me9js-fc28b93f91abbe0a4560072e8bfe6f63 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">901\u00a0Status of Common Carrier Disputed<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To prove that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was a common carrier, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that it was in the business of transporting [the property of] the general public.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In deciding this issue, you may consider whether any of the following factors apply. These factors suggest that a carrier is a common carrier:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(a)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The carrier maintains a regular place of business for the purpose of transporting passengers [or property].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(b)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The carrier advertises its services to the general public.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(c)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The carrier charges standard fees for its services.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(d)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insert other applicable factor(s)<\/span>.<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A carrier can be a common carrier even if it does not have a regular schedule of departures, a fixed route, or a transportation license.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If you find that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was not a common carrier, then [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not have the duty of a common carrier, only a duty of ordinary care. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The court should give the ordinary negligence instructions in conjunction with this one. Ordinary negligence is the standard applicable to private carriers. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCommon Carrier\u201d Defined.\u00a0Civil Code section 2168.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Contract of Carriage.\u00a0Civil Code section 2085.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] common carrier within the meaning of\u00a0Civil Code section 2168\u00a0is any entity which holds itself out to the public generally and indifferently to transport goods or persons from place to place for profit.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Squaw Valley Ski Corp. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 2 Cal.App.4th 1499, 1508 [3 Cal.Rptr.2d 897], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether a party is a common carrier for reward may be decided as a matter of law when the material facts are not in dispute. When the material facts are disputed, it is a question of fact for the jury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Huang v. The Bicycle Casino, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 4 Cal.App.5th 329, 339 [208 Cal.Rptr.3d 591\u00a0[citing this instruction].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFactors bearing on a party\u2019s common carrier status include (1) whether the party maintained an established place of business for the purpose of transporting passengers; (2) whether the party engaged in transportation as a regular business and not as a casual or occasional undertaking; (3) whether the party advertised its transportation services to the general public; and (4) whether the party charged standard rates for its service. The party need not have a regular schedule or a fixed route to be a common carrier, nor need the party have a transportation license. [\u00b6] Not all these factors need be present for the party to be a common carrier subject to the heightened duty of care.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Huang, supra<\/span>, 4 Cal.App.5th at p. 339, internal citations omitted; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gradus v. Hanson Aviation, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 158 Cal.App.3d 1038, 1047\u20131048 [205 Cal.Rptr. 211]\u00a0[approving jury instruction].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn deciding whether [defendant] is a common carrier, a court may properly consider whether (1) the defendant maintains a regular place of business for the purpose of transportation; (2) the defendant advertises its services to the general public; and (3) the defendant charges standard fees for its services.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Martine v. Heavenly Valley Limited Partnership<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 27 Cal.App.5th 715, 725 [238 Cal.Rptr.3d 237, citing this instruction].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCommon carrier status emerged in California in the mid-19th century as a narrow concept involving stagecoaches hired purely for transportation. Over time, however, the concept expanded to include a wide array of recreational transport like scenic airplane and railway tours, ski lifts, and roller coasters. This expansion reflects the policy determination that a passenger\u2019s purpose, be it recreation, thrill-seeking, or simply conveyance from point A to B, should not control whether the operator should bear a higher duty to protect the passenger.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Grotheer v. Escape Adventures, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 14 Cal.App.5th 1283, 1294 [222 Cal.Rptr.3d 633], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he key inquiry in the common carrier analysis is whether passengers expect the transportation to be safe because the operator is reasonably capable of controlling the risk of injury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Grotheer<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 14 Cal.App.5th at p. 1295\u00a0[hot air balloon is not a common carrier].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA private carrier \u2026 is bound only to accept carriage pursuant to special agreement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Webster v. Ebright<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 3 Cal.App.4th 784, 787 [4 Cal.Rptr.2d 714].) Private carriers \u201c\u2009\u2018make no public profession that they will carry for all who apply, but \u2026 occasionally or upon the particular occasion undertake for compensation to carry the goods of others upon such terms as may be agreed upon.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id<\/span>. at p. 788, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[T]he law applicable to common carriers is peculiarly rigorous, and it ought not to be extended to persons who have not expressly assumed that character, or by their conduct and from the nature of their business justified the belief on the part of the public that they intended to assume it.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Samuelson v. Public Utilities Com.<\/span>\u00a0(1951) 36 Cal.2d 722, 730 [227 P.2d 256], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo be a common carrier, the entity merely must be of the character that members of the general public may, if they choose, avail themselves of it.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Squaw Valley Ski Corp., supra<\/span>, 2 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1509\u20131510, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cGiven the fact [defendant] indiscriminately offers its Shirley Lake chair lift to the public to carry skiers at a fixed rate from the bottom to the top of the Shirley Lake run, it logically comes within the\u00a0Civil Code section 2168\u00a0definition of a common carrier.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Squaw Valley Ski Corp., supra<\/span>, 2 Cal.App.4th at p. 1508.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he \u2018reward\u2019 contemplated by the statutory scheme need not be a fee charged for the transportation service. The reward may be the profit generated indirectly by easing customers\u2019 way through the carriers\u2019 premises.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Huang, supra<\/span>, 4 Cal.App.5th at p. 339, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[T]he \u201cpublic\u201d does not mean everyone all of the time; naturally, passengers are restricted by the type of transportation the carrier affords. [Citations.] \u201cOne may be a common carrier though the nature of the service rendered is sufficiently specialized as to be of possible use to only a fraction of the total population.\u201d \u2026 To be a common carrier, the entity merely must be of the character that members of the general public may, if they choose, avail themselves of it.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Huang, supra<\/span>, 4 Cal.App.5th at p. 339, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPlaintiff also argues the public policy of protecting passengers of a common carrier for reward, as expressed in\u00a0Civil Code section 2100, precludes limiting defendant\u2019s duty to riders on [bumper cars]. In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gomez v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0[(2005) 35 Cal.4th 1125, 1136, fn. 5 [29 Cal. Rptr. 3d 352, 113 P.3d 41]], we held that an operator of a \u2018roller coaster or similar amusement park ride can be a carrier of persons for reward\u2019 for purposes of\u00a0Civil Code section 2100. At the same time, however, we expressed no opinion \u2018whether other, dissimilar, amusement rides or attractions can be carriers of persons for reward.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nalwa v. Cedar Fair, L.P.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 55 Cal.4th 1148, 1160 [150 Cal.Rptr.3d 551, 290 P.3d 1158]\u00a0[bumper car ride is not common carrier].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn the situation at bar, [defendant]\u2019s motor cars were customarily and daily cruising the streets for patronage or awaiting calls of the public. It was a common carrier in transporting such patrons. But when it agreed to act as carrier of handicapped school children under agreement for its operators to escort the pupils to and from their schools and homes to the cab and to render such service exclusively for them at designated hours, the company ceased to be a common carrier while transporting the specified children during such hours.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hopkins v. Yellow Cab Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1952) 114 Cal.App.2d 394, 398 [250 P.2d 330].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091056<\/div>\n<div>2 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 23,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Carriers<\/span>, \u00a7\u200923.01\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 109,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Carriers<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009109.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 33,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Carriers<\/span>, \u00a7\u200933.29\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u00a7\u200928:1\u201328:2 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-qrx4x-47b972bb4ad94146ded4191d7cd3c56e hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ii255-ce0d5f70a7f572f5e7321132d1f843f8\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ii255-ce0d5f70a7f572f5e7321132d1f843f8 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ii255-ce0d5f70a7f572f5e7321132d1f843f8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-673","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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