{"id":683,"date":"2021-10-25T03:59:16","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=683"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:22:32","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:22:32","slug":"caci-903-duty-to-provide-and-maintain-safe-equipment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-903-duty-to-provide-and-maintain-safe-equipment\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 903 Duty to Provide and Maintain Safe Equipment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6ojlxj-c7187610d3f3731313f4731dcf2e4037\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6ojlxj-c7187610d3f3731313f4731dcf2e4037{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6ojlxj-c7187610d3f3731313f4731dcf2e4037 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6ojlxj-c7187610d3f3731313f4731dcf2e4037 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6ojlxj-c7187610d3f3731313f4731dcf2e4037 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 903 Duty to Provide and Maintain Safe Equipment<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6ol61k-44d985b0a64f2a406eb6874977c32123\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6ol61k-44d985b0a64f2a406eb6874977c32123 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6ol61k-44d985b0a64f2a406eb6874977c32123 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">903\u00a0Duty to Provide and Maintain Safe Equipment<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Common carriers must use the highest care in constructing, servicing, inspecting, and maintaining their vehicles and equipment for transporting passengers [or property].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A common carrier is responsible for a defect in its vehicles and equipment used for transporting passengers [or property] if the common carrier:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(a)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Created the defect; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(b)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Knew of the defect; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(c)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Would have known of the defect if it had used the highest care.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Common carriers must keep up with modern improvements in transportation. While they are not required to seek out and use every new invention, they must adopt commonly accepted safety designs and devices in the vehicles and equipment they use for transporting passengers [or property]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>To correct the impression that a carrier is absolutely liable for unsafe equipment, this instruction should be given together with instructions stating that a common carrier does not guarantee the safety of its passengers and that the level of care is the highest that reasonably can be exercised consistent with the mode of transportation used and the practical operation of its business as a carrier (see\u00a0CACI No.\u2002902,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Duty of Common Carrier<\/span>). (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gradus v. Hanson Aviation, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 158 Cal.App.3d 1038, 1049\u20131050 [205 Cal.Rptr. 211].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Duty of Common Carrier.\u00a0Civil Code section 2101.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe duty of care imposed on a common carrier of passengers includes the duty to furnish safe facilities for their passage.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cooper v. National Railroad Passenger Corporation<\/span>\u00a0(1975) 45 Cal.App.3d 389, 395 [119 Cal.Rptr. 541], internal citations omitted, disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ewing v. Cloverleaf Bowl<\/span>\u00a0(1978) 20 Cal.3d 389, 401 [143 Cal.Rptr. 13, 572 P.2d 1155].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Failure to give an instruction on\u00a0Civil Code section 2101\u00a0may not be error where an instruction on the \u201cutmost care\u201d standard is given. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Powell v. Dell-Air Aviation, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1968) 268 Cal.App.2d 451, 457\u2013458 [74 Cal.Rptr. 3].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">The Supreme Court found error where an instruction omitted the duty to inspect: \u201cAn owner is bound to use the utmost care and diligence in the maintenance of elevators. In the fulfillment of this obligation something more than regular and frequent inspections is required. Perfunctory inspections, although regularly and frequently made, would not meet the obligation appellant owed to respondents. In order to fulfill the duty imposed upon it by law appellant was required to use due care in servicing, inspecting and maintaining the elevator and all the appliances appurtenant thereto. The instruction erroneously failed to include this requirement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brown v. George Pepperdine Foundation<\/span>\u00a0(1943) 23 Cal.2d 256, 261 [143 P.2d 929], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe [equipment] must, therefore, under the standard of utmost care required of a carrier, be constructed, maintained and operated with the purpose and design to prevent injury\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vandagriff v. J.C. Penney<\/span>\u00a0(1964) 228 Cal.App.2d 579, 582 [39 Cal.Rptr. 671].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Notice of defect is required where the carrier did not create dangerous condition: \u201cIn our view, the high degree of care required of a common carrier might impose a greater duty to inspect and thus make notice or knowledge more easily established, but the concept of the carrier\u2019s legal responsibility does not exclude the factor of notice or knowledge. The weight of authority supports the proposition that, in cases such as the instant one, actual or constructive notice is a prerequisite to the carrier\u2019s liability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gray v. City and County of San Francisco<\/span>\u00a0(1962) 202 Cal.App.2d 319, 330\u2013331 [20 Cal.Rptr. 894].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Common carriers \u201cmust keep pace with science and art and modern improvement in their application to the carriage of passengers.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Greyhound Lines, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1970) 3 Cal.App.3d 356, 359 [83 Cal.Rptr. 343], citing\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Treadwell v. Whittier<\/span>\u00a0(1889) 80 Cal. 574, 592, 600 [22 P. 266].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Treadwell,<\/span>\u00a0the court approved of a jury instruction stating that while elevator operators \u201cwere not required to seek and apply every new invention, they must adopt such as are found by experience to combine the greater safety with practical use.\u201d The court said the instruction \u201cis but a fair deduction from the rule that the defendants must use the utmost care and diligence to carry safely those who ride in their [conveyance]\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Treadwell, supra,<\/span>\u00a080 Cal. at pp. 599\u2013600.) The court held that common carriers \u201care bound for defects in the vehicles which they furnish, which might have been discovered by the most careful examination\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id.<\/span>\u00a0at p. 595.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091055, 1057<\/div>\n<div>2 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch 23,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Carriers<\/span>, \u00a7\u200923.03[5]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 109,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Carriers<\/span>\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u200928:15 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-quhqj-f3e9ad6fed2aa437093b145be6d70bb4 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kyk3v-a371d1a69e8a6fea679dda7d6a6277d4\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kyk3v-a371d1a69e8a6fea679dda7d6a6277d4 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kyk3v-a371d1a69e8a6fea679dda7d6a6277d4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-683","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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