{"id":690,"date":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=690"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:32:59","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:32:59","slug":"caci-1009b-liability-to-employees-of-independent-contractors-for-unsafe-conditions-retained-control","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1009b-liability-to-employees-of-independent-contractors-for-unsafe-conditions-retained-control\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1009B Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions\u2014Retained Control"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6pfuvr-067a500fe73e6b9b3020abd69b313368\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6pfuvr-067a500fe73e6b9b3020abd69b313368{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6pfuvr-067a500fe73e6b9b3020abd69b313368 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6pfuvr-067a500fe73e6b9b3020abd69b313368 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6pfuvr-067a500fe73e6b9b3020abd69b313368 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1009B Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions\u2014Retained Control<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6ph419-4ab88abc0be7c6c76604253e215b59fa\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6ph419-4ab88abc0be7c6c76604253e215b59fa .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6ph419-4ab88abc0be7c6c76604253e215b59fa '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1009B\u00a0Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions\u2014Retained Control<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed by an unsafe condition while employed by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff\u2019s employer<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and working on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s property. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [owned\/leased\/occupied\/controlled] the property;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] retained control over safety conditions at the worksite;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] negligently exercised [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] retained control over safety conditions by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify alleged negligent acts or omissions<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s negligent exercise of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] retained control over safety conditions was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Derived from former CACI No. 1009 April 2007; Revised April 2009, December 2010, December 2011, May 2017 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is for use if a dangerous condition on property causes injury to an employee of an independent contractor hired to perform work on the property. The basis of liability is that the defendant retained control over the safety conditions at the worksite. For an instruction for injuries to others due to a concealed condition, see\u00a0CACI No. 1003,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unsafe Conditions<\/span>. For an instruction for injuries based on unsafe conditions not discoverable by the plaintiff\u2019s employer, see\u00a0CACI No. 1009A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Concealed Conditions<\/span>. For an instruction for injuries based on the property owner\u2019s providing defective equipment, see\u00a0CACI No. 1009D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions\u2014Defective Equipment<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>See also the Vicarious Responsibility Series,\u00a0CACI No. 3700\u00a0et seq., for instructions on the liability of a hirer for the acts of an independent contractor.<\/p>\n<p>The hirer\u2019s retained control must have \u201caffirmatively contributed\u201d to the plaintiff\u2019s injury. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hooker v. Department of Transportation<\/span>\u00a0(2002) 27 Cal.4th 198, 202 [115 Cal.Rptr.2d 853, 38 P.3d 1081].) However, the affirmative contribution need not be active conduct but may be a failure to act. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id.<\/span>\u00a0at p. 212, fn. 3.) \u201cAffirmative contribution\u201d means that there must be causation between the hirer\u2019s retained control and the plaintiff\u2019s injury. But \u201caffirmative contribution\u201d might be construed by a jury to require active conduct rather than a failure to act. Element 5, the standard \u201csubstantial factor\u201d element, expresses the \u201caffirmative contribution.\u201d requirement. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Regalado v. Callaghan<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 3 Cal.App.5th 582, 594\u2013595 [207 Cal.Rptr.3d 712]\u00a0[agreeing with committee\u2019s position that \u201caffirmatively contributed\u201d need not be specifically stated in instruction].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe conclude that a hirer of an independent contractor is not liable to an employee of the contractor merely because the hirer retained control over safety conditions at a worksite, but that a hirer is liable to an employee of a contractor insofar as a hirer\u2019s exercise of retained control\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">affirmatively contributed<\/span>\u00a0to the employee\u2019s injuries.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hooker, supra<\/span>, 27 Cal.4th at p. 202, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cImposing tort liability on a hirer of an independent contractor when the hirer\u2019s conduct has affirmatively contributed to the injuries of the contractor\u2019s employee is consistent with the rationale of our decisions in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privette<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Toland<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Camargo<\/span>\u00a0because the liability of the hirer in such a case is not \u2018\u2009\u201cin essence \u2018vicarious\u2019 or \u2018derivative\u2019 in the sense that it derives from the \u2018act or omission\u2019 of the hired contractor.\u201d\u2009\u2019 To the contrary, the liability of the hirer in such a case is\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">direct<\/span>\u00a0in a much stronger sense of that term.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hooker, supra<\/span>, 27 Cal.4th at pp. 211\u2013212, original italics, internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSuch affirmative contribution need not always be in the form of actively directing a contractor or contractor\u2019s employee. There will be times when a hirer will be liable for its omissions. For example, if the hirer promises to undertake a particular safety measure, then the hirer\u2019s negligent failure to do so should result in liability if such negligence leads to an employee injury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hooker, supra<\/span>, 27 Cal.4th at p. 212, fn. 3.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIf a hirer entrusts work to an independent contractor, but retains control over safety conditions at a jobsite and then negligently exercises that control in a manner that affirmatively contributes to an employee\u2019s injuries, the hirer is liable for those injuries, based on its own negligent exercise of that retained control.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tverberg v. Fillner Constr., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 202 Cal.App.4th 1439, 1446 [136 Cal.Rptr.3d 521].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA hirer\u2019s failure to correct an unsafe condition, by itself, does not establish an affirmative contribution.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Khosh v. Staples Construction Co., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 4 Cal.App.5th 712, 718 [208 Cal.Rptr.3d 699].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough drawn directly from case law, [plaintiff]\u2019s proposed Special Instructions Nos. 2 and 8 are somewhat misleading in that they suggest that in order for the hirer to \u2018affirmatively contribute\u2019 to the plaintiff\u2019s injuries, the hirer must have engaged in some form of active direction or conduct. However, \u2018affirmative contribution need not always be in the form of actively directing a contractor or contractor\u2019s employee. There will be times when a hirer will be liable for its omissions.\u2019 The Advisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions recognized the potential to confuse the jury by including \u2018affirmative contribution\u2019 language in\u00a0CACI No. 1009B. The committee\u2019s Directions for Use states: \u2018The hirer\u2019s retained control must have \u201caffirmatively contributed\u201d to the plaintiff\u2019s injury. [Citation.] However, the affirmative contribution need not be active conduct but may be in the form of an omission to act. [Citation.] The advisory committee believes that the \u201caffirmative contribution\u201d requirement simply means that there must be causation between the hirer\u2019s conduct and the plaintiff\u2019s injury. Because \u201caffirmative contribution\u201d might be construed by a jury to require active conduct rather than a failure to act, the committee believes that its standard \u201csubstantial factor\u201d element adequately expresses the \u201caffirmative contribution\u201d requirement.\u2019 (Directions for Use for\u00a0CACI No. 1009B.) [\u00b6] We agree with the Advisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions that\u00a0CACI No. 1009B\u00a0adequately covers the \u2018affirmative contribution\u2019 requirement set forth in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hooker<\/span>.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Regalado v. Callaghan<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 3 Cal.App.5th 582, 594\u2013595 [207 Cal.Rptr.3d 712].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen the employer directs that work be done by use of a particular mode or otherwise interferes with the means and methods of accomplishing the work, an affirmative contribution occurs. When the hirer does not fully delegate the task of providing a safe working environment but in some manner actively participates in how the job is done, the hirer may be held liable to the employee if its participation affirmatively contributed to the employee\u2019s injury. [\u00b6] By contrast, passively permitting an unsafe condition to occur rather than directing it to occur does not constitute affirmative contribution. The failure to institute specific safety measures is not actionable unless there is some evidence that the hirer or the contractor had agreed to implement these measures. Thus, the failure to exercise retained control does not constitute an affirmative contribution to an injury. Such affirmative contribution must be based on a negligent exercise of control. In order for a worker to recover on a retained control theory, the hirer must engage in some active participation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tverberg, supra<\/span>, 202 Cal.App.4th at p. 1446, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough plaintiffs concede that [contractor] had exclusive control over how the window washing would be done, they urge that [owner] nonetheless is liable because it affirmatively contributed to decedent\u2019s injuries \u2018not [by] active conduct\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">but<\/span>\u00a0\u2026\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">in the form of an omission to act<\/span>.\u2019 Although it is undeniable that [owner]\u2019s failure to equip its building with roof anchors contributed to decedent\u2019s death,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McKown<\/span>\u00a0[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">v.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2002) 27 Cal.4th 219]\u00a0does not support plaintiffs\u2019 suggestion that a passive omission of this type is actionable.\u2009\u2026 Subsequent Supreme Court decisions \u2026 have repeatedly rejected the suggestion that the passive provision of an unsafe workplace is actionable.\u2009\u2026 Accordingly, the failure to provide safety equipment does not constitute an \u2018affirmative contribution\u2019 to an injury within the meaning of\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McKown<\/span>.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Delgadillo v. Television Center, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 20 Cal.App.5th 1078, 1093 [229 Cal.Rptr.3d 594], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[U]nder\u00a0Government Code section 815.4, a public entity can be held liable under the retained control doctrine, provided a private person would be liable under the same circumstances. This means that the public entity must\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">negligently<\/span>\u00a0exercise its retained control so as to affirmatively contribute to the injuries of the employee of the independent contractor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McCarty v. Department of Transportation<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 955, 985 [79 Cal.Rptr.3d 777], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privette<\/span>\u00a0line of decisions establishes a presumption that an independent contractor\u2019s hirer \u2018delegates to that contractor its tort law duty to provide a safe workplace for the contractor\u2019s employees.\u2019 \u2026 [T]he\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privette<\/span>\u00a0presumption affects the burden of producing evidence.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alvarez v. Seaside Transportation Services LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 13 Cal.App.5th 635, 642 [221 Cal.Rptr.3d 119], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091259<\/div>\n<div>Friedman et al., California Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant, Ch. 6-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability For Defective Conditions On Premises<\/span>, \u00b6\u20096:1 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 15,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">General Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u200915.08\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 381,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Liability of Property Owners<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009381.23\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>36\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 421,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009421.12\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>17\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 178,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009178.20 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-stlxe-7239a9f9bf0469b0280575e6993dc503 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mfdci-3154295fe54adf5d3ef22b5b8eabaf00\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-mfdci-3154295fe54adf5d3ef22b5b8eabaf00 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mfdci-3154295fe54adf5d3ef22b5b8eabaf00 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-690","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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