{"id":694,"date":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=694"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:30:11","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:30:11","slug":"caci-1006-landlords-duty","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1006-landlords-duty\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1006 Landlord\u2019s Duty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6p9r4k-cf3dc9b27124cda35490a8e708dad807\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6p9r4k-cf3dc9b27124cda35490a8e708dad807{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6p9r4k-cf3dc9b27124cda35490a8e708dad807 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6p9r4k-cf3dc9b27124cda35490a8e708dad807 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6p9r4k-cf3dc9b27124cda35490a8e708dad807 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1006 Landlord\u2019s Duty<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6paw80-f527d4700da06d2ed6aee2a8161984de\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6paw80-f527d4700da06d2ed6aee2a8161984de .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6paw80-f527d4700da06d2ed6aee2a8161984de '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1006\u00a0Landlord\u2019s Duty<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A landlord must conduct reasonable periodic inspections of rental property whenever the landlord has the legal right of possession. Before giving possession of leased property to a tenant [or on renewal of a lease] [or after retaking possession from a tenant], a landlord must conduct a reasonable inspection of the property for unsafe conditions and must take reasonable precautions to prevent injury due to the conditions that were or reasonably should have been discovered in the process. The inspection must include common areas under the landlord\u2019s control.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">After a tenant has taken possession, a landlord must take reasonable precautions to prevent injury due to any unsafe condition in an area of the premises under the landlord\u2019s control if the landlord knows or reasonably should have known about it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[After a tenant has taken possession, a landlord must take reasonable precautions to prevent injury due to any unsafe condition in an area of the premises under the tenant\u2019s control if the landlord has actual knowledge of the condition and the right and ability to correct it.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised April 2008, April 2009, December 2009, June 2010 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction with\u00a0CACI No. 1000,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>,\u00a0CACI No. 1001,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Basic Duty of Care<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No. 1003,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unsafe Conditions,<\/span>\u00a0if the injury occurred on rental property and the landlord is alleged to be liable. Include the last paragraph if the property is not within the landlord\u2019s immediate control.<\/p>\n<p>Include \u201cor on renewal of a lease\u201d for commercial tenancies. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mora v. Baker Commodities, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1989) 210 Cal.App.3d 771, 781 [258 Cal.Rptr. 669].) While no case appears to have specifically addressed a landlord\u2019s duty to inspect on renewal of a residential lease, it would seem impossible to impose such a duty with regard to a month-to-month tenancy. Whether there might be a duty to inspect on renewal of a long-term residential lease appears to be unresolved.<\/p>\n<p>Under the doctrine of nondelegable duty, a landlord cannot escape liability for failure to maintain property in a safe condition by delegating the duty to an independent contractor. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Srithong v. Total Investment Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 23 Cal.App.4th 721, 726 [28 Cal.Rptr.2d 672].) For an instruction for use with regard to a landlord\u2019s liability for the acts of an independent contractor, see\u00a0CACI No. 3713,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nondelegable Duty<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA landlord owes a duty of care to a tenant to provide and maintain safe conditions on the leased premises. This duty of care also extends to the general public. \u2018A lessor who leases property for a purpose involving the admission of the public is under a duty to see that it is safe for the purposes intended, and to exercise reasonable care to inspect and repair the premises before possession is transferred so as to prevent any unreasonable risk of harm to the public who may enter. An agreement to renew a lease or relet the premises \u2026 cannot relieve the lessor of his duty to see that the premises are reasonably safe at that time.\u2019 [\u00b6]\u2002Where there is a duty to exercise reasonable care in the inspection of premises for dangerous conditions, the lack of awareness of the dangerous condition does not generally preclude liability. \u2018Although liability might easily be found where the landowner has actual knowledge of the dangerous condition \u201c[t]he landowner\u2019s lack of knowledge of the dangerous condition is not a defense. He has an affirmative duty to exercise ordinary care to keep the premises in a reasonably safe condition, and therefore must inspect them or take other proper means to ascertain their condition. And if, by the exercise of reasonable care, he would have discovered the dangerous condition, he is liable.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Portillo v. Aiassa<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 1128, 1134 [32 Cal.Rptr.2d 755], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPublic policy precludes landlord liability for a dangerous condition on the premises which came into existence after possession has passed to a tenant. This is based on the principle that the landlord has surrendered possession and control of the land to the tenant and has no right even to enter without permission. It would not be reasonable to hold a lessor liable if the lessor did not have the power, opportunity, and ability to eliminate the dangerous condition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Garcia v. Holt<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 600, 604 [195 Cal.Rptr.3d 47], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe rationale for this rule has been that property law regards a lease as equivalent to a sale of the land for the term of the lease. As stated by Prosser: \u2018In the absence of agreement to the contrary, the lessor surrenders both possession and control of the land to the lessee, retaining only a reversionary interest; and he has no right even to enter without the permission of the lessee. Consequently, it is the general rule that he is under no obligation to anyone to look after the premises or keep them in repair, and is not responsible, either to persons injured on the land or to those outside of it, for conditions which develop or are created by the tenant after possession has been transferred. Neither is he responsible, in general, for the activities which the tenant carries on upon the land after such transfer, even when they create a nuisance.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Uccello v. Laudenslayer<\/span>\u00a0(1975) 44 Cal.App.3d 504, 510\u2013511 [118 Cal.Rptr. 741], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo this general rule of nonliability, the law has developed a number of exceptions, such as where the landlord covenants or volunteers to repair a defective condition on the premises, where the landlord has actual knowledge of defects which are unknown and not apparent to the tenant and he fails to disclose them to the tenant, where there is a nuisance existing on the property at the time the lease is made or renewed, when a safety law has been violated, or where the injury occurs on a part of the premises over which the landlord retains control, such as common hallways, stairs, elevators, or roof. [\u00b6] A common element in these exceptions is that either at or after the time possession is given to the tenant the landlord retains or acquires a recognizable degree of control over the dangerous condition with a concomitant right and power to obviate the condition and prevent the injury. In these situations, the law imposes on the landlord a duty to use ordinary care to eliminate the condition with resulting liability for injuries caused by his failure so to act.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Uccello, supra,<\/span>\u00a044 Cal.App.3d at p. 511, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWith regard to landlords, \u2018reasonable care ordinarily involves making sure the property is safe at the beginning of the tenancy, and repairing any hazards the landlord learns about later.\u2019 \u2018\u2009\u201cBecause a landlord has relinquished possessory interest in the land, his or her duty of care to third parties injured on the land is attenuated as compared with the tenant who enjoys possession and control. Thus, before liability may be thrust on a landlord for a third party\u2019s injury due to a dangerous condition on the land, the plaintiff must show that the landlord had actual knowledge of the dangerous condition in question, plus the right and ability to cure the condition.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Day v. Lupo Vine Street, L.P.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 22 Cal.App.5th 62, 69 [231 Cal.Rptr.3d 193], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLimiting a landlord\u2019s obligations releases it from needing to engage in potentially intrusive oversight of the property, thus permitting the tenant to enjoy its tenancy unmolested.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Salinas v. Martin<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 166 Cal.App.4th 404, 412 [82 Cal.Rptr.3d 735], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] commercial landowner cannot totally abrogate its landowner responsibilities merely by signing a lease. As the owner of property, a lessor out of possession must exercise due care and must act reasonably toward the tenant as well as to unknown third persons. At the time the lease is executed and upon renewal a landlord has a right to reenter the property, has control of the property, and must inspect the premises to make the premises reasonably safe from dangerous conditions. Even if the commercial landlord executes a contract which requires the tenant to maintain the property in a certain condition, the landlord is obligated at the time the lease is executed to take reasonable precautions to avoid unnecessary danger.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mora<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 210 Cal.App.3d at p. 781, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he landlord\u2019s responsibility to inspect is limited. Like a residential landlord, the duty to inspect charges the lessor \u2018only with those matters which would have been disclosed by a reasonable inspection.\u2019 The burden of reducing or avoiding the risk and the likelihood of injury will affect the determination of what constitutes a reasonable inspection. The landlord\u2019s obligation is only to do what is reasonable under the circumstances. The landlord need not take extraordinary measures or make unreasonable expenditures of time and money in trying to discover hazards unless the circumstances so warrant. When there is a potential serious danger, which is foreseeable, a landlord should anticipate the danger and conduct a reasonable inspection before passing possession to the tenant. However, if no such inspection is warranted, the landlord has no such obligation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mora, supra,<\/span>\u00a0210 Cal.App.3d at p. 782, internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is one thing for a landlord to leave a tenant alone who is complying with its lease. It is entirely different, however, for a landlord to ignore a defaulting tenant\u2019s possible neglect of property. Neglected property endangers the public, and a landlord\u2019s detachment frustrates the public policy of keeping property in good repair and safe. To strike the right balance between safety and disfavored self-help, we hold that [the landlord]\u2019s duty to inspect attached upon entry of the judgment of possession in the unlawful detainer action and included reasonable periodic inspections thereafter.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Stone v. Center Trust Retail Properties, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 608, 613 [77 Cal.Rptr.3d 556].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]t is established that a landlord owes a duty of care to its tenants to take reasonable steps to secure the common areas under its control.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ann M. v. Pacific Plaza Shopping Center<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 6 Cal.4th 666, 675 [25 Cal.Rptr.2d 137, 863 P.2d 207].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe existence of the landlord\u2019s duty to others to maintain the property in a reasonably safe condition is a question of law for the court.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Johnson v. Prasad<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 224 Cal.App.4th 74, 79 [168 Cal.Rptr.3d 196].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe reasonableness of a landlord\u2019s conduct under all the circumstances is for the jury. A triable issue of fact exists as to whether the defendants\u2019 maintenance of a low, open, unguarded window in a common hallway where they knew young children were likely to play constituted a breach of their duty to take reasonable precautions to prevent children falling out of the window.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Amos v. Alpha Prop. Mgmt.<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 73 Cal.App.4th 895, 904 [87 Cal.Rptr.2d 34], internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091284, 1285<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 15,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">General Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u200915.02\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 170,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">The Premises: Duties and Liabilities<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009170.03\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>29\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 334,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Landlord and Tenant: Claims for Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009334.10,\u00a0334.53\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>36\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 421,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009421.11 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>17\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 178,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009178.23\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u00a7\u200916:12\u201316:16 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-taeva-a3225428a54f0eeedb99bf1899bc7de2 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-j34na-525369541af0f35f64a3c442bc5ddc77\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-j34na-525369541af0f35f64a3c442bc5ddc77 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-j34na-525369541af0f35f64a3c442bc5ddc77 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-694","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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