{"id":695,"date":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=695"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:29:30","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:29:30","slug":"caci-1005-business-proprietors-or-property-owners-liability-for-the-criminal-conduct-of-others","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1005-business-proprietors-or-property-owners-liability-for-the-criminal-conduct-of-others\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1005 Business Proprietor\u2019s or Property Owner\u2019s Liability for the Criminal Conduct of Others"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6p87jw-d5a6c0b469ca6f6c54201400aa63ad84\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6p87jw-d5a6c0b469ca6f6c54201400aa63ad84{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6p87jw-d5a6c0b469ca6f6c54201400aa63ad84 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6p87jw-d5a6c0b469ca6f6c54201400aa63ad84 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6p87jw-d5a6c0b469ca6f6c54201400aa63ad84 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1005 Business Proprietor\u2019s or Property Owner\u2019s Liability for the Criminal Conduct of Others<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6p9982-be0b37a41f17c695b12ce736071a9843\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6p9982-be0b37a41f17c695b12ce736071a9843 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6p9982-be0b37a41f17c695b12ce736071a9843 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1005\u00a0Business Proprietor\u2019s or Property Owner\u2019s Liability for the Criminal Conduct of Others<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[An owner of a business that is open to the public\/A landlord] must use reasonable care to protect [patrons\/guests\/tenants] from another person\u2019s criminal conduct on [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] property if the [owner\/landlord] can reasonably anticipate that conduct.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">You must decide whether the steps taken by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to protect persons such as [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] were adequate and reasonable under the circumstances. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised May 2018 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>A business owner or a landlord has a duty to take affirmative steps to protect against the criminal acts of a third party if the conduct can be reasonably anticipated. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ann M. v. Pacific Plaza Shopping Center<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 6 Cal.4th 666, 676 [25 Cal.Rptr.2d 137, 863 P.2d 207], disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reid v. Google, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 50 Cal.4th 512, 527, fn. 5 [113 Cal.Rptr.3d 327, 235 P.3d 988].) Whether there is a duty as defined in the first paragraph is a question of law for the court. The jury then decides whether the defendant\u2019s remedial measures were reasonable and adequate under the circumstances (second paragraph). (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Isaacs v. Huntington Memorial Hospital<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 38 Cal.3d 112, 131 [211 Cal.Rptr. 356, 695 P.2d 653].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA landlord generally owes a tenant the duty, arising out of their special relationship, to take reasonable measures to secure areas under the landlord\u2019s control against foreseeable criminal acts of third parties.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Castaneda v. Olsher<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 41 Cal.4th 1205, 1213 [63 Cal.Rptr.3d 99, 162 P.3d 610].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[B]road language used in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Isaacs<\/span>\u00a0has tended to confuse duty analysis generally in that the opinion can be read to hold that foreseeability in the context of determining duty is normally a question of fact reserved for the jury. Any such reading of\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Isaacs<\/span>\u00a0is in error. Foreseeability, when analyzed to determine the existence or scope of a duty, is a question of law to be decided by the court.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ann M.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 6 Cal.4th at p. 678, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he decision to impose a duty of care to protect against criminal assaults requires \u2018balancing the foreseeability of the harm against the burden of the duty to be imposed. [Citation.] \u201c\u2009\u2018[I]n cases where the burden of preventing future harm is great, a high degree of foreseeability may be required. [Citation.] On the other hand, in cases where there are strong policy reasons for preventing the harm, or the harm can be prevented by simple means, a lesser degree of foreseeability may be required.\u2019 [Citation.]\u201d [Citation.] Or, as one appellate court has accurately explained, duty in such circumstances is determined by a balancing of \u201cforeseeability\u201d of the criminal acts against the \u201cburdensomeness, vagueness, and efficacy\u201d of the proposed security measures.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wiener v. Southcoast Childcare Centers, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 32 Cal.4th 1138, 1146\u20131147 [12 Cal.Rptr.3d 615, 88 P.3d 517].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018A possessor of land who holds it open to the public for entry for his business purposes is subject to liability to members of the public while they are upon the land for such a purpose, for physical harm caused by the accidental, negligent, or intentionally harmful acts of third persons or animals, and by the failure of the possessor to exercise reasonable care to (a) discover that such acts are being done or are likely to be done, or (b) give a warning adequate to enable the visitors to avoid the harm, or otherwise to protect them against it.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Taylor v. Centennial Bowl, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1966) 65 Cal.2d 114, 124 [52 Cal.Rptr. 561, 416 P.2d 793], quoting\u00a0Restatement of Torts, \u00a7\u2009344.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he property holder only \u2018has a duty to protect against types of crimes of which he has notice and which are likely to recur if the common areas are not secure.\u2019 The court\u2019s focus in determining duty \u2018\u2009\u201c\u2009\u2018is not to decide whether a particular plaintiff\u2019s injury was reasonably foreseeable in light of a particular defendant\u2019s conduct, but rather to evaluate more generally whether the category of negligent conduct at issue is sufficiently likely to result in the kind of harm experienced that liability may appropriately be imposed on the negligent party.\u2019 [Citation.]\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Janice H. v. 696 North Robertson, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 1 Cal.App.5th 586, 594 [205 Cal.Rptr.3d 103], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[O]nly when \u2018heightened\u2019 foreseeability of third party criminal activity on the premises exists\u2014shown by prior similar incidents or other indications of a reasonably foreseeable risk of violent criminal assaults in that location\u2014does the scope of a business proprietor\u2019s special-relationship-based duty\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">include an obligation to provide guards<\/span>\u00a0to protect the safety of patrons.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Delgado v. Trax Bar &amp; Grill<\/span>\u00a0(2005) 36 Cal.4th 224, 240 [30 Cal.Rptr.3d 145, 113 P.3d 1159], internal citations and footnote omitted, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[F]oreseeability, whether heightened or reduced, is tested by what the defendant knows, not what the defendant could have or should have learned.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Margaret W. v. Kelley R.<\/span>\u00a0(2006) 139 Cal.App.4th 141, 158 [42 Cal.Rptr.3d 519].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cHere [defendant] argues it has no duty unless and until it experiences a similar criminal incident. We disagree. While a property holder generally has a duty to protect against types of crimes of which he is on notice, the absence of previous occurrences does not end the duty inquiry. We look to all of the factual circumstances to assess foreseeability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Janice H., supra<\/span>, 1 Cal.App.5th at p. 595, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cKnowing there is a general potential for rowdy or troublesome conduct by bar patrons, however, does not make the category of aggressive parking lot assaults reasonably foreseeable, any more so than the presumed awareness of previous assaults and robberies or problems with transients on the property establishes the foreseeability of a violent sexual assault.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Williams v. Fremont Corners, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 37 Cal.App.5th 654, 671\u2013672 [250 Cal.Rptr.3d 46].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEven when proprietors \u2026 have no duty \u2026 to provide a security guard or undertake other similarly burdensome preventative measures, the proprietor is not necessarily insulated from liability under the special relationship doctrine. A proprietor that has no duty \u2026 to hire a security guard or to undertake other similarly burdensome preventative measures still owes a duty of due care to a patron or invitee by virtue of the special relationship, and there are circumstances (apart from the failure to provide a security guard or undertake other similarly burdensome preventative measures) that may give rise to liability based upon the proprietor\u2019s special relationship.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Delgado, supra<\/span>, 36 Cal.4th at pp. 240\u2013241.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">A business proprietor is not an insurer of the safety of his invitees, \u201cbut he is required to exercise reasonable care for their safety and is liable for injuries resulting from a breach of this duty. The general duty includes not only the duty to inspect the premises in order to uncover dangerous conditions, but, as well, the duty to take affirmative action to control the wrongful acts of third persons which threaten invitees where the occupant has reasonable cause to anticipate such acts and the probability of injury resulting therefrom.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Taylor<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 65 Cal.2d at p. 121, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn the case of a landlord, this general duty of maintenance, which is owed to tenants and patrons, has been held to include the duty to take reasonable steps to secure common areas against foreseeable criminal acts of third parties that are likely to occur in the absence of such precautionary measures.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ann M., supra<\/span>, 6 Cal.4th at p. 674, internal citation omitted.) (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Frances T. v. Village Green Owners Assn.<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 42 Cal.3d 490, 499\u2013501 [229 Cal.Rptr. 456, 723 P.2d 573].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Restatement Second of Torts] Section 314A\u00a0identifies \u2018special relations\u2019 which give rise to a duty to protect another.\u00a0Section 344 of the Restatement Second of Torts\u00a0expands on that duty as it applies to business operators.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ky. Fried Chicken of Cal. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 14 Cal.4th 814, 823 [59 Cal.Rptr.2d 756, 927 P.2d 1260].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091271\u20131291<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 15,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">General Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u200915.06\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 170,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">The Premises: Duties and Liabilities<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009170.05\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 381,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Liability of Property Owners<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009381.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>29\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 334,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Landlord and Tenant: Claims for Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009334.12, 334.23,\u00a0334.57\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>36\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 421,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009421.30 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>17\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 178,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009178.60 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u200916:5 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-rji7j-9fd09d5385ec1a72d9aa016c6b6a3108 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-luk4f-75c45e91f8a65bd70065212db9a7926f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-luk4f-75c45e91f8a65bd70065212db9a7926f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-luk4f-75c45e91f8a65bd70065212db9a7926f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-695","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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