{"id":716,"date":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=716"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:35:12","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:35:12","slug":"caci-1011-constructive-notice-regarding-dangerous-conditions-on-property","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1011-constructive-notice-regarding-dangerous-conditions-on-property\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1011 Constructive Notice Regarding Dangerous Conditions on Property"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6pos6o-d90fe22e43359486454518670ded2653\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6pos6o-d90fe22e43359486454518670ded2653{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6pos6o-d90fe22e43359486454518670ded2653 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6pos6o-d90fe22e43359486454518670ded2653 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6pos6o-d90fe22e43359486454518670ded2653 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1011 Constructive Notice Regarding Dangerous Conditions on Property<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6ppz2c-143c46b28966fe6696a96feb34a21e24\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6ppz2c-143c46b28966fe6696a96feb34a21e24 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6ppz2c-143c46b28966fe6696a96feb34a21e24 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1011\u00a0Constructive Notice Regarding Dangerous Conditions on Property<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In determining whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] should have known of the condition that created the risk of harm, you must decide whether, under all the circumstances, the condition was of such a nature and existed long enough that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had sufficient time to discover it and, using reasonable care:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Repair the condition; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Protect against harm from the condition; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Adequately warn of the condition.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must make reasonable inspections of the property to discover unsafe conditions. If an inspection was not made within a reasonable time before the accident, this may show that the condition existed long enough so that [a store\/[a\/an] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other commercial enterprise<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] owner using reasonable care would have discovered it.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised February 2007, October 2008 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is intended for use if there is an issue concerning the owner\u2019s constructive knowledge of a dangerous condition. It should be given with\u00a0CACI No. 1003,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unsafe Conditions<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The bracketed second paragraph of this instruction is based on\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega v. Kmart<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 26 Cal.4th 1200 [114 Cal.Rptr.2d 470, 36 P.3d 11].\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega<\/span>\u00a0involved a store. The court should determine whether the bracketed portion of this instruction applies to other types of property. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is well established in California that although a store owner is not an insurer of the safety of its patrons, the owner does owe them a duty to exercise reasonable care in keeping the premises reasonably safe.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a026 Cal.4th at p. 1205, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe conclude that a plaintiff may prove a dangerous condition existed for an unreasonable time with circumstantial evidence, and that \u2026 \u2018evidence that an inspection had not been made within a particular period of time prior to an accident may warrant an inference that the defective condition existed long enough so that a person exercising reasonable care would have discovered it.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a026 Cal.4th at p. 1210, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA store owner exercises ordinary care by making reasonable inspections of the portions of the premises open to customers, and the care required is commensurate with the risks involved.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a026 Cal.4th at p. 1205, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBecause the owner is not the insurer of the visitor\u2019s personal safety, the owner\u2019s actual or constructive knowledge of the dangerous condition is a key to establishing its liability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a026 Cal.4th at p. 1206, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCourts have also held that where the plaintiff relies on the failure to correct a dangerous condition to prove the owner\u2019s negligence, the plaintiff has the burden of showing that the owner had notice of the defect in sufficient time to correct it.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a026 Cal.4th at p. 1206, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe plaintiff need not show actual knowledge where evidence suggests that the dangerous condition was present for a sufficient period of time to charge the owner with constructive knowledge of its existence.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a026 Cal.4th at p. 1206, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe emphasize that allowing the inference does not change the rule that if a store owner has taken care in the discharge of its duty, by inspecting its premises in a reasonable manner, then no breach will be found even if a plaintiff does suffer injury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a026 Cal.4th at p. 1211, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe conclude that plaintiffs still have the burden of producing evidence that the dangerous condition existed for at least a sufficient time to support a finding that the defendant had constructive notice of the hazardous condition. We also conclude, however, that plaintiffs may demonstrate the storekeeper had constructive notice of the dangerous condition if they can show that the site had not been inspected within a reasonable period of time so that a person exercising due care would have discovered and corrected the hazard. In other words, if the plaintiffs can show an inspection was not made within a particular period of time prior to an accident, they may raise an inference the condition did exist long enough for the owner to have discovered it. It remains a question of fact for the jury whether, under all the circumstances, the defective condition existed long enough so that it would have been discovered and remedied by an owner in the exercise of reasonable care.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ortega, supra,<\/span>\u00a0at pp. 1212\u20131213, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo comply with this duty, a person who controls property must \u2018\u2009\u201c\u2009\u2018\u2009\u201cinspect [the premises] or take other proper means to ascertain their condition\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d\u2009\u2019 and, if a dangerous condition exists that would have been discovered by the exercise of reasonable care, has a duty to give adequate warning of or remedy it.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Staats v. Vintner\u2019s Golf Club, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 25 Cal.App.5th 826, 833 [236 Cal.Rptr.3d 236].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cGenerally speaking, a property owner must have actual or constructive knowledge of a dangerous condition before liability will be imposed. In the ordinary slip and fall case,\u2009\u2026 the cause of the dangerous condition is not necessarily linked to an employee. Consequently, there is no issue of respondeat superior. Where, however, \u2018the evidence is such that a reasonable inference can be drawn that the condition was created by employees of the [defendant], then [the defendant] is charged with notice of the dangerous condition.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Getchell v. Rogers Jewelry<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 203 Cal.App.4th 381, 385 [136 Cal.Rptr.3d 641], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough no two accidents happen in the same way, to be admissible for showing notice to a landowner of a dangerous condition, evidence of another similar accident must have occurred under substantially the same circumstances.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Howard v. Omni Hotels Mgmt. Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 203 Cal.App.4th 403, 432 [136 Cal.Rptr.3d 739].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Friedman et al., California Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant, Ch. 6-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability For Defective Conditions On Premises<\/span>, \u00b6\u20096:1 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Friedman et al., California Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant, Ch. 6-B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Landlord Liability For Injuries From Acts Of Others<\/span>, \u00b6\u20096:48 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 15,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">General Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u200915.04\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 381,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Liability of Property Owners<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009381.20\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>36\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 421,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009421.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>17\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 178,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Premises Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009178.23\u00a0et seq. (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-ok944-7ca3f6656c5a76c16cb0ded1a6469b16 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jwrsk-9b63dd86d39067aec5be4078f5a35d46\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-jwrsk-9b63dd86d39067aec5be4078f5a35d46 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jwrsk-9b63dd86d39067aec5be4078f5a35d46 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-716","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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