{"id":734,"date":"2021-10-25T03:48:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:48:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=734"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:40:43","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:40:43","slug":"caci-1102-definition-of-dangerous-condition-gov-code-%c2%a7-830a","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1102-definition-of-dangerous-condition-gov-code-%c2%a7-830a\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1102 Definition of \u201cDangerous Condition\u201d (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009830(a))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6s73l9-a9c9ce4640160c35d1269cfd41c5cc58\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6s73l9-a9c9ce4640160c35d1269cfd41c5cc58{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6s73l9-a9c9ce4640160c35d1269cfd41c5cc58 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6s73l9-a9c9ce4640160c35d1269cfd41c5cc58 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6s73l9-a9c9ce4640160c35d1269cfd41c5cc58 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1102 Definition of <span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>Dangerous Condition<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span> (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009830(a))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6s874n-fb11eed694da151c5d10c617907487e6\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6s874n-fb11eed694da151c5d10c617907487e6 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6s874n-fb11eed694da151c5d10c617907487e6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1102\u00a0Definition of \u201cDangerous Condition\u201d (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009830(a))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A \u201cdangerous condition\u201d is a condition of public property that creates a substantial risk of injury to members of the general public when the property [or adjacent property] is used with reasonable care and in a reasonably foreseeable manner. A condition that creates only a minor risk of injury is not a dangerous condition. [Whether the property is in a dangerous condition is to be determined without regard to whether [[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\/ [or] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] exercised or failed to exercise reasonable care in [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] use of the property.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised June 2010, May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if a plaintiff claims that a condition of public property creates a substantial risk of injury to the plaintiff as a user of public or adjacent property when the property was used with reasonable care and in a reasonably foreseeable manner. (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009830(a).) For claims involving conditions on the adjacent property that are alleged to have contributed to making the public property dangerous, give\u00a0CACI No. 1125,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conditions on Adjacent Property<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Give the last sentence if comparative fault is at issue. It clarifies that comparative fault does not negate the possible existence of a dangerous condition. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fredette v. City of Long Beach<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 187 Cal.App.3d 122, 131 [231 Cal.Rptr. 598].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cDangerous Condition\u201d Defined.\u00a0Government Code section 830(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">No Liability for Minor Risk.\u00a0Government Code section 830.2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe Act defines a \u2018\u2009\u201c[d]angerous condition\u201d\u2009\u2019 as \u2018a condition of property that creates a substantial (as distinguished from a minor, trivial or insignificant) risk of injury when such property or adjacent property is used with due care in a manner in which it is reasonably foreseeable that it will be used.\u2019 Public property is in a dangerous condition within the meaning of section 835 if it \u2018is physically damaged, deteriorated, or defective in such a way as to foreseeably endanger those using the property itself.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cordova v. City of L.A.<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 61 Cal.4th 1099, 1105 [190 Cal.Rptr.3d 850, 353 P.3d 773], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA public entity is not, without more, liable under section 835 for the harmful conduct of third parties on its property. But if a condition of public property \u2018creates a substantial risk of injury even when the property is used with due care\u2019, a public entity \u2018gains no immunity from liability simply because, in a particular case, the dangerous condition of its property combines with a third party\u2019s negligent conduct to inflict injury.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cordova, supra<\/span>, 61 Cal.4th at p. 1105, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn general, \u2018[whether] a given set of facts and circumstances creates a dangerous condition is usually a question of fact and may only be resolved as a question of law if reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Peterson v. San Francisco Community College Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 36 Cal.3d 799, 810 [205 Cal.Rptr. 842, 685 P.2d 1193], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAn initial and essential element of recovery for premises liability under the governing statutes is proof a dangerous condition existed. The law imposes no duty on a landowner\u2014including a public entity\u2014to repair trivial defects, or \u2018to maintain [its property] in an absolutely perfect condition.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Stathoulis v. City of Montebello<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 559, 566 [78 Cal.Rptr.3d 910], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe status of a condition as \u2018dangerous\u2019 for purposes of the statutory definition does\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">not<\/span>\u00a0depend on whether the plaintiff or other persons were actually exercising due care but on whether the condition of the property posed a substantial risk of injury to persons who were exercising due care.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cole v. Town of Los Gatos<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 749, 768 [140 Cal.Rptr.3d 722], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he fact the particular plaintiff may not have used due care is relevant only to his [or her] comparative fault and not to the issue of the presence of a dangerous condition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Castro v. City of Thousand Oaks\u00a0<\/span>(2015) 239 Cal.App.4th 1451, 1459 [192 Cal.Rptr.3d 376].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe negligence of a plaintiff-user of public property \u2026 is a defense which may be asserted by a public entity; it has no bearing upon the determination of a \u2018dangerous condition\u2019 in the first instance.\u2009\u2026 If, however, it can be shown that the property is safe when used with due care and that a risk of harm is created only when foreseeable users fail to exercise due care, then such property is not \u2018dangerous\u2019 within the meaning of section 830, subdivision (a).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fredette, supra,<\/span>\u00a0187 Cal.App.3d at p. 131, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEven though it is foreseeable that persons may use public property without due care, a public entity may not be held liable for failing to take precautions to protect such persons.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fredette, supra,<\/span>\u00a0187 Cal.App.3d at p. 132, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWith respect to public streets, courts have observed \u2018any property can be dangerous if used in a sufficiently improper manner. For this reason, a public entity is only required to provide roads that are safe for reasonably foreseeable careful use. [Citation.] \u201cIf [] it can be shown that the property is safe when used with due care and that a risk of harm is created only when foreseeable users fail to exercise due care, then such property is not \u2018dangerous\u2019 within the meaning of section 830, subdivision (a).\u201d [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sun v. City of Oakland<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 166 Cal.App.4th 1177, 1183 [83 Cal.Rptr.3d 372], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA public entity is not charged with anticipating that a person will use the property in a criminal way, here, driving with a \u2018willful or wanton disregard for safety of persons or property\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fuller v. Department of Transportation<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 38 Cal.App.5th 1034, 1042 [251 Cal.Rptr.3d 549].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] prior dangerous condition may require street lighting or other means to lessen the danger but the absence of street lighting is itself not a dangerous condition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mixon v. Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 207 Cal.App.4th 124, 133 [142 Cal.Rptr.3d 633].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough public entities may be held liable for injuries occurring to reasonably foreseeable users of the property, even when the property is used for a purpose for which it is not designed or which is illegal, liability may ensue only if the property creates a substantial risk of injury when it is used with due care. Whether a condition creates a substantial risk of harm depends on how the general public would use the property exercising due care, including children who are held to a lower standard of care. (\u00a7\u2009830.) The standard is an objective one; a plaintiff\u2019s particular condition \u2026\u2009, does not alter the standard.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Schonfeldt v. State of California<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 61 Cal.App.4th 1462, 1466 [72 Cal.Rptr.2d 464], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA public entity may be liable for a dangerous condition of public property even where the immediate cause of a plaintiff\u2019s injury is a third party\u2019s negligence if some physical characteristic of the property exposes its users to increased danger from third party negligence. \u2018But it is insufficient to show only harmful third party conduct, like the conduct of a motorist. \u201c\u2009\u2018[T]hird party conduct, by itself, unrelated to the condition of the property, does not constitute a \u201cdangerous condition\u201d for which a public entity may be held liable.\u2019\u2009\u201d \u2026 There must be a defect in the physical condition of the property and that defect must have some causal relationship to the third party conduct that injures the plaintiff.\u2009\u2026\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Salas v. Department of Transportation<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 198 Cal.App.4th 1058, 1069\u20131070 [129 Cal.Rptr.3d 690], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNothing in the provisions of section 835, however, specifically precludes a finding that a public entity may be under a duty, given special circumstances, to protect against harmful criminal conduct on its property.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Peterson, supra,<\/span>\u00a036 Cal.3d at pp. 810\u2013811, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTwo points applicable to this case are \u2026 well established: first, that the location of public property, by virtue of which users are subjected to hazards on adjacent property, may constitute a \u2018dangerous condition\u2019 under sections 830 and 835; second, that a physical condition of the public property that increases the risk of injury from third party conduct may be a \u2018dangerous condition\u2019 under the statutes.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bonanno v. Central Contra Costa Transit Authority<\/span>\u00a0(2003) 30 Cal.4th 139, 154 [132 Cal.Rptr.2d 341, 65 P.3d 807].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he absence of other similar accidents is \u2018relevant to the determination of whether a condition is dangerous.\u2019 But the city cites no authority for the proposition that the absence of other similar accidents is\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">dispositive<\/span>\u00a0of whether a condition is dangerous, or that it compels a finding of nondangerousness absent other evidence.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lane v. City of Sacramento<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 183 Cal.App.4th 1337, 1346 [107 Cal.Rptr.3d 730], original italics, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u2009321<\/div>\n<div>2 California Government Tort Liability Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar 4th ed.) \u00a7\u200912.15<\/div>\n<div>5 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 61,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Particular Liabilities and Immunities of Public Entities and Public Employees<\/span>, \u00a7\u200961.01[2][a]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>40\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 464,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Entities and Officers: California Government Claims Act<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009464.81\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>19A\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 196,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Entities<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009196.11\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-t7ji6-f915eca9e066f09c1997e2f85ab71ab0 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lndny-588cec82b2d5c0e4c2e06e69829c7691\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-lndny-588cec82b2d5c0e4c2e06e69829c7691 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lndny-588cec82b2d5c0e4c2e06e69829c7691 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-734","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 1102 Definition of \u201cDangerous Condition\u201d (Gov. 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