{"id":736,"date":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=736"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:38:55","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:38:55","slug":"caci-1100-dangerous-condition-on-public-property-essential-factual-elements-gov-code-%c2%a7-835","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1100-dangerous-condition-on-public-property-essential-factual-elements-gov-code-%c2%a7-835\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1100 Dangerous Condition on Public Property\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009835)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6s3qom-cfad516172b269e6f4bb0caad8ab1549\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6s3qom-cfad516172b269e6f4bb0caad8ab1549{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6s3qom-cfad516172b269e6f4bb0caad8ab1549 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6s3qom-cfad516172b269e6f4bb0caad8ab1549 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6s3qom-cfad516172b269e6f4bb0caad8ab1549 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1100 Dangerous Condition on Public Property\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009835)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6s5278-df03f581dceef1450bfa2d4716b1891b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6s5278-df03f581dceef1450bfa2d4716b1891b .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6s5278-df03f581dceef1450bfa2d4716b1891b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1100\u00a0Dangerous Condition on Public Property\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009835)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed by a dangerous condition of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s property. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] owned [or controlled] the property;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the property was in a dangerous condition at the time of the injury;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the dangerous condition created a reasonably foreseeable risk of the kind of injury that occurred;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That negligent or wrongful conduct of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s employee acting within the scope of employment created the dangerous condition;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had notice of the dangerous condition for a long enough time to have protected against it;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the dangerous condition was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised October 2008, December 2015, June 2016, May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>For element 4, choose either or both options depending on whether liability is alleged under\u00a0Government Code section 835(a),\u00a0835(b), or both.<\/p>\n<p>See also\u00a0CACI No. 1102,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Definition of \u201cDangerous Condition,\u201d<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 1103,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Notice<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Liability of Public Entity for Dangerous Condition of Property.\u00a0Government Code section 835.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Actual Notice.\u00a0Government Code section 835.2(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Constructive Notice.\u00a0Government Code section 835.2(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Definitions.\u00a0Government Code section 830.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe Government Claims Act (\u00a7\u2009810 et seq.; the Act) \u2018is a comprehensive statutory scheme that sets forth the liabilities and immunities of public entities and public employees for torts.\u2019 Section 835 \u2026 prescribes the conditions under which a public entity may be held liable for injuries caused by a dangerous condition of public property. Section 835 provides that a public entity may be held liable for such injuries \u2018if the plaintiff establishes that the property was in a dangerous condition at the time of the injury, that the injury was proximately caused by the dangerous condition, [and] that the dangerous condition created a reasonably foreseeable risk of the kind of injury which was incurred.\u2019 In addition, the plaintiff must establish that either: (a) \u2018[a] negligent or wrongful act or omission of an employee of the public entity within the scope of his employment created the dangerous condition,\u2019 or (b) \u2018[t]he public entity had \u2026 notice of the dangerous condition \u2026 a sufficient time prior to the injury to have taken measures to protect against the dangerous condition.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cordova v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 61 Cal.4th 1099, 1105\u20131106 [190 Cal.Rptr.3d 850, 353 P.3d 773], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] public entity may be liable for a dangerous condition of public property even when the immediate cause of a plaintiff\u2019s injury is a third party\u2019s negligent or illegal act (such as a motorist\u2019s negligent driving), if some physical characteristic of the property exposes its users to increased danger from third party negligence or criminality. Public entity liability lies under section 835 when some feature of the property increased or intensified the danger to users from third party conduct.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Castro v. City of Thousand Oaks<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 239 Cal.App.4th 1451, 1457\u22121458 [192 Cal.Rptr.3d 376], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSubdivisions (a) and (b) of section 835 obviously address two different types of cases. However, what distinguishes the two types of cases is not simply whether the public entity has notice of the dangerous condition. Instead, what distinguishes the two cases in practice is who created the dangerous condition. Because an entity must act through its employees, virtually all suits brought on account of dangerous conditions created by the entity will be brought under subdivision (a). In contrast, subdivision (b) can also support suits based on dangerous conditions not created by the entity or its employees.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brown v. Poway Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 4 Cal.4th 820, 836 [15 Cal.Rptr.2d 679, 843 P.2d 624].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he res ipsa loquitur presumption does not satisfy the requirements for holding a public entity liable under section 835, subdivision (a). Res ipsa loquitur requires the plaintiff to show only (1) that the accident was of a kind which ordinarily does not occur in the absence of negligence, (2) that the instrumentality of harm was within the defendant\u2019s exclusive control, and (3) that the plaintiff did not voluntarily contribute to his or her own injuries. Subdivision (a), in contrast, requires the plaintiff to show that an employee of the public entity \u2018created\u2019 the dangerous condition; in view of the legislative history \u2026 the term \u2018created\u2019 must be defined as the sort of involvement by an employee that would justify a presumption of notice on the entity\u2019s part.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brown, supra,<\/span>\u00a04 Cal.4th at p. 836.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFocusing on the language in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pritchard, supra,<\/span>\u00a0178 Cal.App.2d at page 256, stating that where the public entity \u2018has itself created the dangerous condition it is\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">per se<\/span>\u00a0culpable,\u2019 plaintiff argues that the negligence that section 835, subdivision (a), refers to is not common law negligence, but something that exists\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">whenever<\/span>\u00a0the public entity creates the dangerous condition of property. We disagree. If the Legislature had wanted to impose liability whenever a public entity created a dangerous condition, it would merely have required plaintiff to establish that an act or omission of an employee of the public entity within the scope of his employment created the dangerous condition. Instead, section 835, subdivision (a), requires the plaintiff to establish that a \u2018<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">negligent or wrongful<\/span>\u00a0act or omission of an employee of the public entity within the scope of his employment created the dangerous condition.\u2019 (Italics added.) Plaintiff\u2019s interpretation would transform the highly meaningful words \u2018negligent or wrongful\u2019 into meaningless surplusage, contrary to the rule of statutory interpretation that courts should avoid a construction that makes any word surplusage.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Metcalf v. County of San Joaquin<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 42 Cal.4th 1121, 1135 [72 Cal.Rptr.3d 382, 176 P.3d 654], original italics, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn order to recover under\u00a0Government Code section 835, it is not necessary for plaintiff to prove a negligent act\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">and<\/span>\u00a0notice; either negligence or notice will suffice.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Curtis v. State of California<\/span>\u00a0(1982) 128 Cal.App.3d 668, 693 [180 Cal.Rptr. 843], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA public entity may not be held liable under section 835 for a dangerous condition of property that it does not own or control.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Goddard v. Department of Fish &amp; Wildlife<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 243 Cal.App.4th 350, 359 [196 Cal.Rptr.3d 625].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFor liability to be imposed on a public entity for a dangerous condition of property, the entity must be in a position to protect against or warn of the hazard. Therefore, the crucial element is not ownership, but rather control.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mamola v. State of California ex rel. Dept. of Transportation<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 94 Cal.App.3d 781, 788 [156 Cal.Rptr. 614], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLiability for injury caused by a dangerous condition of property has been imposed when an unreasonable risk of harm is created by a combination of defect in the property and acts of third parties. However, courts have consistently refused to characterize harmful third party conduct as a dangerous condition\u2014absent some concurrent contributing defect in the property itself.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hayes v. State of California<\/span>\u00a0(1974) 11 Cal.3d 469, 472 [113 Cal.Rptr. 599, 521 P.2d 855], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[P]laintiffs in this case must show that a dangerous condition of property\u2014that is, a condition that creates a substantial risk of injury to the public\u2014proximately caused the fatal injuries their decedents suffered as a result of the collision with [third party]\u2019s car. But nothing in the statute requires plaintiffs to show that the allegedly dangerous condition also caused the third party conduct that precipitated the accident.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cordova, supra<\/span>, 61 Cal.4th at p. 1106.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe existence of a dangerous condition is ordinarily a question of fact but \u2018can be decided as a matter of law if reasonable minds can come to only one conclusion.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cerna v. City of Oakland<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 161 Cal.App.4th 1340, 1347 [75 Cal.Rptr.3d 168].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009301\u2013341<\/div>\n<div>Friedman et al., California Practice Guide: Landlord-Tenant, Ch. 6-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Immunity From Liability<\/span>, \u00b6\u20096:91 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Haning et al., California Practice Guide: Personal Injury, Ch. 2(III)-D, Liability For\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u201cDangerous Conditions\u201d Of Public Property<\/span>, \u00b6\u20092:2785 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>2 California Government Tort Liability Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar 4th ed.) \u00a7\u00a7\u200912.9\u201312.55<\/div>\n<div>5 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 61,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Particular Liabilities and Immunities of Public Entities and Public Employees<\/span>, \u00a7\u200961.01\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>40\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 464,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Entities and Officers: California Government Claims Act<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009464.81\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>19A\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 196,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Entities<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009196.11\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-pka74-ef3bd75872f320b6f3c296c68e992f71 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jkkrk-4787be11b1e68e3b09af7dc60c35da1f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-jkkrk-4787be11b1e68e3b09af7dc60c35da1f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jkkrk-4787be11b1e68e3b09af7dc60c35da1f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-736","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 1100 Dangerous Condition on Public Property\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. 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