{"id":761,"date":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=761"},"modified":"2022-05-03T16:56:38","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:56:38","slug":"caci-1207b-strict-liability-comparative-fault-of-third-person","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1207b-strict-liability-comparative-fault-of-third-person\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1207B Strict Liability\u2014Comparative Fault of Third Person"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6t836g-7407c568008f7739baf57283d638936e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6t836g-7407c568008f7739baf57283d638936e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6t836g-7407c568008f7739baf57283d638936e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6t836g-7407c568008f7739baf57283d638936e .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6t836g-7407c568008f7739baf57283d638936e av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1207B Strict Liability\u2014Comparative Fault of Third Person<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6t93zl-4d451d9f34541bc81cc051087c954719\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6t93zl-4d451d9f34541bc81cc051087c954719 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6t93zl-4d451d9f34541bc81cc051087c954719 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1207B\u00a0Strict Liability\u2014Comparative Fault of Third Person<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that the [negligence\/fault] of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name(s) or description(s) of nonparty tortfeasor(s)<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [also] contributed to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. To succeed on this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove both of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insert one or both of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name(s) or description(s) of nonparty tortfeasor(s)<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] negligently modified the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">product<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];] [or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name(s) or description(s) of nonparty tortfeasor(s)<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [otherwise] [negligent\/at fault];]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That this [negligence\/fault] was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If you find that the [negligence\/ [or] fault] of more than one person, including [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">][, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">],] and [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name(s) or description(s) of nonparty tortfeasor(s)<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm, you must then decide how much responsibility each has by assigning percentages of responsibility to each person listed on the verdict form. The percentages must total 100 percent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">You will make a separate finding of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s total damages, if any. In determining an amount of damages, you should not consider any person\u2019s assigned percentage of responsibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[\u201cPerson\u201d can mean an individual or a business entity.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Derived from former CACI No. 1207 April 2009; Revised December 2009, December 2015 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the defendant has raised the issue of the comparative fault of a third person who is not also a defendant at trial, including defendants who settled before trial and nonjoined alleged tortfeasors. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Dafonte v. Up-Right, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 2 Cal.4th 593, 603 [7 Cal.Rptr.2d 238, 828 P.2d 140]; see also\u00a0CACI No. 406,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Apportionment of Responsibility<\/span>.) For an instruction on the comparative fault of the plaintiff, see\u00a0CACI No. 1207A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Strict Liability\u2014Comparative Fault of Plaintiff<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>This instruction may also be used to allocate liability between a negligent and a strictly liable defendant (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Nest-Kart<\/span>\u00a0(1978) 21 Cal.3d 322, 332 [146 Cal. Rptr. 550, 579 P.2d 441].) or between two strictly liable defendants if multiple products are involved. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Arena v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 63 Cal.App.4th 1178, 1198 [74 Cal.Rptr.2d 580].) However, there is no comparative fault among entities in the distribution chain of the same product. Each remains fully liable for the plaintiff\u2019s economic and noneconomic damages. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bigler-Engler v. Breg, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 7 Cal.App.5th 276, 325 [213 Cal.Rptr.3d 82].)<\/p>\n<p>In the first sentence, include \u201calso\u201d if the defendant concedes some degree of liability or alleges the comparative fault of the plaintiff, and select \u201cfault\u201d unless the only basis for liability at issue is negligence. Include the last paragraph if any of the defendants or others alleged to have contributed to the plaintiff\u2019s harm are not individuals.<\/p>\n<p>Subsequent misuse or modification may be considered in determining comparative fault if it was a substantial factor in causing the plaintiff\u2019s injury. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Torres v. Xomox Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 49 Cal.App.4th 1, 17 [56 Cal.Rptr.2d 455].) Unforeseeable misuse or modification can be a complete defense if it is the sole cause of the plaintiff\u2019s harm. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Campbell v. Southern Pacific Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1978) 22 Cal.3d 51, 56 [148 Cal.Rptr. 596, 583 P.2d 121].) See also\u00a0CACI No. 1245,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Product Misuse or Modification<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he comparative indemnity doctrine may be utilized to allocate liability between a negligent and a strictly liable defendant.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Safeway Stores, Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a021 Cal.3d at p. 332.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe record does not support [defendant]\u2019s assertion that modification of the bracket was the sole cause of the accident. The record does indicate that if the bracket had not been modified there would have been no need to remove it to reach the flange bolts, and thus the modification was one apparent cause of [plaintiff]\u2019s death. However, a number of other causes, or potential causes, were established, including: [plaintiff]\u2019s failure to wear protective clothing; [third party]\u2019s failure to furnish the correct replacement bracket for the valve; [third party]\u2019s failure to furnish [employer] with all of the literature it received from [defendant]; and negligence on the part of [employer] independent of its modification of the valve, including violations of various federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations governing equipment and training in connection with the accident.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Torres, supra,<\/span>\u00a049 Cal.App.4th at p. 17.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThis case does not present a situation where several defendants in the chain of distribution seek apportionment under Proposition 51 based on their relevant fault for injuries caused by a single defective product. In such a situation, courts have held that Proposition 51 does not apply and each defendant is liable for the plaintiff\u2019s full noneconomic damages under traditional principles of joint and several liability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bigler-Engler, supra,<\/span>\u00a07 Cal.App 5th at p. 325, fn. 35.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cProposition 51 is applicable in a strict liability asbestos exposure case where multiple products cause the plaintiff\u2019s injuries and the evidence provides a basis to allocate liability for noneconomic damages between the defective products. Where the evidence shows that a particular product is responsible for only a part of plaintiff\u2019s injury, Proposition 51 requires apportionment of the responsibility for that part of the injury to that particular product\u2019s chain of distribution.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Arena, supra<\/span>, 63 Cal.App.4th at p. 1198.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091709<\/div>\n<div>California Products Liability Actions, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Defenses<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u20098.03,\u00a08.04\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>40\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 460,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Products Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009460.53,\u00a0460.182\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>19\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 190,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Products Liability,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009190.253\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-pxtvd-e231fda14c69f0f21e95775818482034 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-n8aap-9e03a0c3536dbd9c70dc4660eaf3bdad\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-n8aap-9e03a0c3536dbd9c70dc4660eaf3bdad .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-n8aap-9e03a0c3536dbd9c70dc4660eaf3bdad '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-761","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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