{"id":780,"date":"2021-10-25T04:03:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=780"},"modified":"2022-05-03T17:29:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T17:29:37","slug":"caci-1240-affirmative-defense-to-express-warranty-not-basis-of-bargain","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1240-affirmative-defense-to-express-warranty-not-basis-of-bargain\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1240 Affirmative Defense to Express Warranty\u2014Not \u201cBasis of Bargain\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6uuhb5-c1e268e065fe9238126cd761b2c65f56\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6uuhb5-c1e268e065fe9238126cd761b2c65f56{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6uuhb5-c1e268e065fe9238126cd761b2c65f56 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6uuhb5-c1e268e065fe9238126cd761b2c65f56 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6uuhb5-c1e268e065fe9238126cd761b2c65f56 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1240 Affirmative Defense to Express Warranty\u2014Not <span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>Basis of Bargain<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span><\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span 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avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6uvl1j-5e933450e47db25215b6f329542e72af\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6uvl1j-5e933450e47db25215b6f329542e72af .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6uvl1j-5e933450e47db25215b6f329542e72af '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1240\u00a0Affirmative Defense to Express Warranty\u2014Not \u201cBasis of Bargain\u201d<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is not responsible for any harm to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] [statement\/description\/sample\/model\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was not a basis of the parties\u2019 bargain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The [statement\/description\/sample\/model\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is presumed to be a basis of the bargain. To overcome this presumption, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that the resulting bargain was not based in any way on the [statement\/description\/sample\/model\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had actual knowledge of the true condition of the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">product<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] before agreeing to buy, the resulting bargain was not based in any way on the [statement\/description\/sample\/model\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revoked June 2010; Restored and Revised December 2010 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Creation of Express Warranties.\u00a0California Uniform Commercial Code section 2313.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe key under [California Uniform Commercial Code section 2313] is that the seller\u2019s statements\u2014whether fact or opinion\u2014must become \u2018part of the basis of the bargain.\u2019 The basis of the bargain requirement represents a significant change in the law of warranties. Whereas plaintiffs in the past have had to prove their reliance upon specific promises made by the seller, the Uniform Commercial Code requires no such proof. According to official comment 3 to the Uniform Commercial Code following section 2313, \u2018no particular reliance \u2026 need be shown in order to weave [the seller\u2019s affirmations of fact] into the fabric of the agreement. Rather, any fact which is to take such affirmations, once made, out of the agreement requires clear affirmative proof.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hauter v. Zogarts<\/span>\u00a0(1975) 14 Cal.3d 104, 115 [120 Cal.Rptr. 681, 534 P.2d 377, internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe California Supreme Court, in discussing the continued viability of the reliance factor, noted that commentators have disagreed in regard to the impact of this development. Some have indicated that it shifts the burden of proving nonreliance to the seller, and others have indicated that the code eliminates the concept of reliance altogether.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keith v. Buchanan<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 173 Cal.App.3d 13, 22 [220 Cal.Rptr. 392], citing\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hauter<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 14 Cal.3d at pp. 115\u2013116.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe official Uniform Commercial Code comment in regard to section 2-313 \u2018indicates that in actual practice affirmations of fact made by the seller about the goods during a bargain are regarded as part of the description of those goods; hence no particular reliance on such statements need be shown in order to weave them into the fabric of the agreement.\u2019 It is clear from the new language of this code section that the concept of reliance has been purposefully abandoned.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keith<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 173 Cal.App.3d at p. 23, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe change of the language in\u00a0section 2313 of the California Uniform Commercial Code\u00a0modifies both the degree of reliance and the burden of proof in express warranties under the code. A warranty statement made by a seller is presumptively part of the basis of the bargain, and the burden is on the seller to prove that the resulting bargain does not rest at all on the representation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keith<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 173 Cal.App.3d at p. 23.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[O]nce affirmations have been made, they are woven into the fabric of the agreement and the seller must present \u2018clear affirmative proof\u2019 to remove them from the agreement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weinstat v. Dentsply International, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 180 Cal.App.4th 1213, 1234 [103 Cal.Rptr.3d 614.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]hile the basis of the bargain of course includes dickered terms to which the buyer specifically assents, section 2313 itself does not suggest that express warranty protection is confined to them such that affirmations by the seller that are not dickered are excluded. Any affirmation, once made, is part of the agreement unless there is \u2018clear affirmative proof\u2019 that the affirmation has been taken out of the agreement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weinstat<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 180 Cal.App.4th at p. 1229.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe official comment to section 2313 is also instructive on this point, providing: \u2018The precise time when words of description or affirmation are made \u2026 is not material. The sole question is whether the language \u2026 [is] fairly to be regarded as part of the contract.\u2019 Thus, the California Uniform Commercial Code contemplates that affirmations, promises and descriptions about the goods contained in product manuals and other materials that are given to the buyer at the time of delivery can become part of the basis of the bargain, and can be \u2018fairly \u2026 regarded as part of the contract,\u2019 notwithstanding that delivery occurs after the purchase price has been paid.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weinstat<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 180 Cal.App.4th at p. 1230.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe buyer\u2019s actual knowledge of the true condition of the goods prior to the making of the contract may make it plain that the seller\u2019s statement was not relied upon as one of the inducements for the purchase, but the burden is on the seller to demonstrate such knowledge on the part of the buyer. Where the buyer inspects the goods before purchase, he may be deemed to have waived the seller\u2019s express warranties. But, an examination or inspection by the buyer of the goods does not necessarily discharge the seller from an express warranty if the defect was not actually discovered and waived.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keith<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 173 Cal.App.3d at pp. 23\u201324.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFirst,\u2009\u2026 affirmations and descriptions in product literature received at the time of delivery but after payment of the purchase price are, without more, part of the basis of the bargain, period. Second, the seller\u2019s right to rebut goes to proof that extracts the affirmations from the \u2018agreement\u2019 or \u2018bargain of the parties in fact,\u2019 not, as\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keith<\/span>\u00a0would suggest, to proof that they were not an inducement for the purchase. Relying on\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keith<\/span>, the court in effect equated the concept of the \u2018bargain in fact of the parties\u2019 with the concept of reliance, but \u2026 the two are not synonymous. Moreover, the opinion in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Keith<\/span>\u00a0contradicts itself on this matter. On the one hand the opinion states unequivocally that \u2018[i]t is clear\u2019 section 2313 \u2018purposefully abandoned\u2019 the concept of reliance. On the other hand, we must ask if section 2313 has eliminated the concept of reliance from express warranty law all together, by what logic can reliance reappear, by its absence, as an affirmative defense?\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weinstat<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 180 Cal.App.4th at p. 1234, internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>44\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 502,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sales: Warranties<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009502.62\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>20\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 206,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sales<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009206.60\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>21\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 52,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sales of Goods Under the Uniform Commercial Code<\/span>, \u00a7\u200952.290[1]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Contract Litigation, Ch. 24,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Suing or Defending Action for Breach of Warranty<\/span>, 24.36[4]<\/div>\n<div>California Products Liability Actions, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Defenses<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.07\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-sq5ro-4a25301fd35ddb32bd1bd3b1e827cdd8 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-22cj0-770e6f6a276878e155ba5458286dd84d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-22cj0-770e6f6a276878e155ba5458286dd84d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-22cj0-770e6f6a276878e155ba5458286dd84d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-780","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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