{"id":788,"date":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=788"},"modified":"2022-05-03T17:00:11","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T17:00:11","slug":"caci-1221-negligence-basic-standard-of-care","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1221-negligence-basic-standard-of-care\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1221 Negligence\u2014Basic Standard of Care"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6ug1u6-2fbb599af8906c140178bf2d9a6c94fe\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6ug1u6-2fbb599af8906c140178bf2d9a6c94fe{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6ug1u6-2fbb599af8906c140178bf2d9a6c94fe .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6ug1u6-2fbb599af8906c140178bf2d9a6c94fe .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6ug1u6-2fbb599af8906c140178bf2d9a6c94fe av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1221 Negligence\u2014Basic Standard of Care<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6uirlr-98779c7675f7587c5e3c12fc350fdc63\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6uirlr-98779c7675f7587c5e3c12fc350fdc63 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6uirlr-98779c7675f7587c5e3c12fc350fdc63 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1221\u00a0Negligence\u2014Basic Standard of Care<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A [designer\/manufacturer\/supplier\/installer\/repairer] is negligent if [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] fails to use the amount of care in [designing\/manufacturing\/inspecting\/installing\/repairing] the product that a reasonably careful [designer\/manufacturer\/supplier\/installer\/ repairer] would use in similar circumstances to avoid exposing others to a foreseeable risk of harm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In determining whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] used reasonable care, you should balance what [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew or should have known about the likelihood and severity of potential harm from the product against the burden of taking safety measures to reduce or avoid the harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2012 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction with\u00a0CACI No. 1220,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligence\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>. This instruction gives guidance to the jury as to how to evaluate element 2 (defendant was negligent) of\u00a0CACI 1220. For an instruction on negligent failure to warn, see\u00a0CACI No. 1222,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligence\u2014Manufacturer or Supplier\u2014Duty to Warn\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The duty to inspect or test is included in the \u201cknew or should have known\u201d standard of this instruction: \u201cIf the manufacturer designs the product safely, manufactures the product safely, and provides an adequate warning of dangers inherent in the use of the product, then a failure to test the product cannot, standing alone, cause any injury. The duty to test is a subpart of the other three duties because a breach of the duty to test cannot by itself cause any injury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Valentine v. Baxter Healthcare Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 68 Cal.App.4th 1467, 1486 [81 Cal.Rptr.2d 252], quoting\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kociemba v. G.D. Searle &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(D. Minn. 1989) 707 F.Supp. 1517, 1527.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA manufacturer\/seller of a product is under a duty to exercise reasonable care in its design so that it can be safely used as intended by its buyer\/consumer.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Williams v. Beechnut Nutrition Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 185 Cal.App.3d 135, 141 [229 Cal.Rptr. 605].) This duty \u201c\u2009\u2018extends to all persons within the range of potential danger.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ibid<\/span>., internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn determining what precautions, if any, were required under the circumstances, the likelihood of harm, and the gravity of the harm if it happens, must be balanced against the burden of the precaution which would be effective to avoid the harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Putensen v. Clay Adams, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1970) 12 Cal.App.3d 1062, 1077\u20131078 [91 Cal.Rptr. 319], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">[E]xpert testimony about the safety of a product, in light of industry standards, can also take into account other applicable and relevant circumstances. As framed by\u00a0CACI No. 1221, the negligence inquiry asks if the manufacturer failed to use the amount of care in designing the product that a reasonably careful designer or manufacturer would have used in similar circumstances.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Howard v. Omni Hotels Management Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 203 Cal.App.4th 403, 430 [136 Cal.Rptr.3d 739], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[F]reedom from negligence does not inure to the manufacturer because it purchased parts from another which were defective.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sheward v. Virtue<\/span>\u00a0(1942) 20 Cal.2d 410, 412 [126 P.2d 345].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe duty of a manufacturer with respect to the design of products placed on the market is defined in the\u00a0Restatement Second of Torts, section 398: \u2018A manufacturer of a chattel made under a plan or design which makes it dangerous for the uses for which it is manufactured is subject to liability to others whom he should expect to use the chattel or to be endangered by its probable use for physical harm caused by his failure to exercise reasonable care in the adoption of a safe plan or design.\u2019 Thus, the manufacturer must use reasonable care \u2018to so design his product as to make it not accident-proof, but safe for the use for which it was [sic] intended.\u2019 What is \u2018reasonable care,\u2019 of course, varies with the facts of each case, but it involves a balancing of the likelihood of harm to be expected from a machine with a given design and the gravity of harm if it happens against the burden of the precaution which would be effective to avoid the harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pike v. Frank G. Hough Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1970) 2 Cal.3d 465, 470 [85 Cal.Rptr. 629, 467 P.2d 229], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[T]he test of negligent design \u201cinvolves a balancing of the likelihood of harm to be expected from a machine with a given design and the gravity of harm if it happens against the burden of the precaution which would be effective to avoid the harm.\u201d [Citation.] \u2026 \u201cA manufacturer or other seller can be negligent in marketing a product because of the way it was designed. In short, even if a seller had done all that he could reasonably have done to warn about a risk or hazard related to the way a product was designed, it could be that a reasonable person would conclude that the magnitude of the reasonably foreseeable harm as designed outweighed the utility of the product as so designed.\u201d [Citation.] Thus, \u201cmost of the evidentiary matters\u201d relevant to applying the risk\/benefit test in strict liability cases \u201care similar to the issues typically presented in a negligent design case.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Chavez v. Glock, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 207 Cal.App.4th 1283, 1305 [144 Cal.Rptr.3d 326].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA danger is unreasonable when it is foreseeable, and the manufacturer\u2019s ability, actual, constructive, or potential, to forestall unreasonable danger is the measure of its duty in the design of its product.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Balido v. Improved Machinery, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1972) 29 Cal.App.3d 633, 640 [105 Cal.Rptr. 890], disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Regents of University of California v. Hartford Accident &amp; Indemnity Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1978) 21 Cal.3d 624, 641\u2013642 [147 Cal.Rptr. 486, 581 P.2d 197].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWith respect to tests or inspections, it is well settled that where an article is such that it is reasonably certain, if negligently manufactured or designed, to place life and limb in peril, the manufacturer is chargeable with negligence if the defective condition could be disclosed by reasonable inspection and tests, and such inspection and tests are omitted.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Putensen, supra,<\/span>\u00a012 Cal.App.3d at p. 1078, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]here an article is either inherently dangerous or reasonably certain to place life and limb in peril when negligently made, a manufacturer owes a duty of care to those who are the ultimate users. This duty requires reasonable care to be exercised in assembling component parts and inspecting and testing them before the product leaves the plant.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reynolds v. Natural Gas Equipment, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1960) 184 Cal.App.2d 724, 736 [7 Cal.Rptr. 879], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091631\u20131643<\/div>\n<div>Haning et al., California Practice Guide: Personal Injury, Ch. 2(II)-D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Strict Liability For Defective Products<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20092:1271, 2:1295, 2:1331, 2:1381 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>California Products Liability Actions, Ch. 2,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability for Defective Products<\/span>, \u00a7\u20092.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>19\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 190,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Products Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009190.190 et seq. (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-rjp84-576751980a8cea49652caa9480eba50a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jwbn8-61eb5fdd491d7f0fa95c0a694cbd4f46\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-jwbn8-61eb5fdd491d7f0fa95c0a694cbd4f46 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jwbn8-61eb5fdd491d7f0fa95c0a694cbd4f46 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-788","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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