{"id":803,"date":"2021-10-25T03:49:16","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=803"},"modified":"2022-05-03T17:35:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T17:35:02","slug":"caci-1248-affirmative-defense-inherently-unsafe-consumer-product-civ-code-%c2%a7-1714-45","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1248-affirmative-defense-inherently-unsafe-consumer-product-civ-code-%c2%a7-1714-45\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1248 Affirmative Defense\u2014Inherently Unsafe Consumer Product (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091714.45)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6w78n1-d98179d9b23b34a8841def63133e70df\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6w78n1-d98179d9b23b34a8841def63133e70df{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6w78n1-d98179d9b23b34a8841def63133e70df .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6w78n1-d98179d9b23b34a8841def63133e70df .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6w78n1-d98179d9b23b34a8841def63133e70df av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1248 Affirmative Defense\u2014Inherently Unsafe Consumer Product (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091714.45)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6w8oif-fbe17b4228d8bcf77b0efdfb4ebc26e0\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6w8oif-fbe17b4228d8bcf77b0efdfb4ebc26e0 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6w8oif-fbe17b4228d8bcf77b0efdfb4ebc26e0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1248\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Inherently Unsafe Consumer Product (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091714.45)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that it is not responsible for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s claimed harm because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify product<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is an inherently unsafe consumer product. To succeed on this defense, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">product<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is a common consumer product intended for personal consumption; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">product<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is inherently unsafe;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">But [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">product<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is no more dangerous than what an ordinary consumer of the product with knowledge common to the community would expect. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New June 2016 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction sets forth an immunity defense to product liability for a product that is clearly recognizable as inherently dangerous. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091714.45(a).) The statute requires that the product be \u201ca common consumer product intended for personal consumption, such as sugar, castor oil, alcohol, and butter, as identified in\u00a0comment i to Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts.\u201d (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091714.45(a)(2).) This reference is perhaps somewhat confusing because the Restatement comment makes it clear that sugar, castor oil, alcohol, and butter are not\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">unreasonably<\/span>\u00a0dangerous. The implication from the statutory references is that although they are not unreasonably dangerous, they are inherently unsafe and thus within the protection provided to the manufacturer by the statute. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Nonliability for Inherently Unsafe Consumer Product.\u00a0Civil Code section 1714.45.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Comment i to Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts\u00a0provides: \u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unreasonably dangerous<\/span>. The rule stated in this Section applies only where the defective condition of the product makes it unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer. Many products cannot possibly be made entirely safe for all consumption, and any food or drug necessarily involves some risk of harm, if only from over-consumption. Ordinary sugar is a deadly poison to diabetics, and castor oil found use under Mussolini as an instrument of torture. That is not what is meant by \u201cunreasonably dangerous\u201d in this Section. The article sold must be dangerous to an extent beyond that which would be contemplated by the ordinary consumer who purchases it, with the ordinary knowledge common to the community as to its characteristics. Good whiskey is not unreasonably dangerous merely because it will make some people drunk, and is especially dangerous to alcoholics; but bad whiskey, containing a dangerous amount of fusel oil, is unreasonably dangerous. Good tobacco is not unreasonably dangerous merely because the effects of smoking may be harmful; but tobacco containing something like marijuana may be unreasonably dangerous. Good butter is not unreasonably dangerous merely because, if such be the case, it deposits cholesterol in the arteries and leads to heart attacks; but bad butter, contaminated with poisonous fish oil, is unreasonably dangerous.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAdditional limitations on the scope of the immunity may be deduced from the history and purpose of the Immunity Statute\u2009\u2026\u2009.The statute\u2019s express premise \u2026 was \u2018that suppliers of certain products which are \u201cinherently unsafe,\u201d but which the public wishes to have available despite awareness of their dangers, should not be responsible in tort for resulting harm to those who voluntarily consumed the products despite such knowledge.\u2019 \u2026 [T]he Immunity Statute [is] based on the principle that \u2018if a product is pure and unadulterated, its inherent or unavoidable danger, commonly known to the community which consumes it anyway, does not expose the seller to liability for resulting harm to a voluntary user.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Naegele v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2002) 28 Cal.4th 856, 862 [123 Cal.Rptr.2d 61, 50 P.3d 769], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe law should not ignore interactive effects that might render a product more dangerous than is contemplated by the ordinary consumer who purchases it and possesses the ordinary knowledge common to the community as to the product\u2019s characteristics. Therefore, when a court addresses whether a multi-ingredient product is a common consumer product for purposes of\u00a0Civil Code section 1714.45\u00a0and the ingredients have an interactive effect, the product and its inherent dangers must be considered as a whole so that the interactive effects of its ingredients are not overlooked or trivialized.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fiorini v. City Brewing Co., LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 231 Cal.App.4th 306, 325 [179 Cal.Rptr.3d 827].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe foregoing inferences preclude us from finding, as a matter of law, that [product] was a common consumer product for purposes of\u00a0Civil Code section 1714.45, subdivision (a). As a result, that factual question should be presented to the trier of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fiorini,<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 231 Cal.App.4th at p. 326, footnote omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091930 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>California Products Liability Actions, Ch. 2,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability for Defective Products<\/span>, \u00a7\u20092.11[5]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>5 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 74,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Resolving Multiparty Tort Litigation<\/span>, \u00a7\u200974.04\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>40\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 460,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Products Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009460.11,\u00a0460.70\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>19\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 190,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Products Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009190.80A et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-stui3-c9e9f7af08aa127f4c4280622f46bcee hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jcov7-08d1f5563a70ed4171cfc72e1040540d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-jcov7-08d1f5563a70ed4171cfc72e1040540d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jcov7-08d1f5563a70ed4171cfc72e1040540d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-803","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 1248 Affirmative Defense\u2014Inherently Unsafe Consumer Product (Civ. 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