{"id":870,"date":"2021-10-25T04:03:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=870"},"modified":"2022-05-03T18:02:04","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T18:02:04","slug":"caci-1402-false-arrest-without-warrant-affirmative-defense-peace-officer-probable-cause-to-arrest","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1402-false-arrest-without-warrant-affirmative-defense-peace-officer-probable-cause-to-arrest\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1402 False Arrest Without Warrant\u2014Affirmative Defense\u2014Peace Officer\u2014Probable Cause to Arrest"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6xt27r-bb6d824ef31e855c9a1d63a411d3306d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku6xt27r-bb6d824ef31e855c9a1d63a411d3306d{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku6xt27r-bb6d824ef31e855c9a1d63a411d3306d .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku6xt27r-bb6d824ef31e855c9a1d63a411d3306d .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku6xt27r-bb6d824ef31e855c9a1d63a411d3306d av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1402 False Arrest Without Warrant\u2014Affirmative Defense\u2014Peace Officer\u2014Probable Cause to Arrest<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span 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itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku6xubni-c314d581e0d22553cc6ec815655c641a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku6xubni-c314d581e0d22553cc6ec815655c641a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku6xubni-c314d581e0d22553cc6ec815655c641a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1402\u00a0False Arrest Without Warrant\u2014Affirmative Defense\u2014Peace Officer\u2014Probable Cause to Arrest<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims the arrest was not wrongful because [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had the authority to arrest [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] without a warrant.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[If [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert facts that, if proved, would constitute reasonable cause to believe that plaintiff had committed a crime in defendant\u2019s presence<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], then [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had the authority to arrest [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] without a warrant.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[If [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert facts that, if proved, would establish that defendant had reasonable cause to believe that plaintiff had committed a felony, whether or not a felony had actually been committed<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], then [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had the authority to arrest [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] without a warrant.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>In the brackets, the judge must insert the fact or facts that are actually controverted and that may be necessary to arrive at the probable cause determination. There may be one or more facts or combinations of facts that are necessary to make this determination, in which case they can be phrased in the alternative.<\/p>\n<p>If a criminal act is alleged as justification, it may be necessary to instruct whether the crime is a felony, misdemeanor, or public offense.<\/p>\n<p>Penal Code section 836\u00a0provides, in part, that a warrantless arrest may be made if a person has committed a felony, although not in the officer\u2019s presence. While the requirement of probable cause is not explicitly stated, it would seem that the officer must always have probable cause at the time of the arrest and that subsequent conviction of a felony does not sanitize an improper arrest.<\/p>\n<p>If the first bracketed paragraph is used, the judge should include \u201cin the officer\u2019s presence\u201d as part of the facts that the jury needs to find if there is a factual dispute on this point. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Arrest Without a Warrant.\u00a0Penal Code section 836(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Felonies and Misdemeanors.\u00a0Penal Code section 17(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPeace Officers\u201d Defined.\u00a0Penal Code section 830 et seq.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAn officer is not liable for false imprisonment for the arrest without a warrant of a person whom he has reasonable grounds to believe is guilty of a crime.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Allen v. McCoy<\/span>\u00a0(1933) 135 Cal.App. 500, 507\u2013508 [27 P.2d 423].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt has long been the law that a cause of action for false imprisonment is stated where it is alleged that there was an arrest without process, followed by imprisonment and damages. Upon proof of those facts the burden is on the defendant to prove justification for the arrest. Considerations of both a practical and policy nature underlie this rule. The existence of justification is a matter which ordinarily lies peculiarly within the knowledge of the defendant. The plaintiff would encounter almost insurmountable practical problems in attempting to prove the negative proposition of the nonexistence of any justification. This rule also serves to assure that official intermeddling is justified, for it is a serious matter to accuse someone of committing a crime and to arrest him without the protection of the warrant process.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cervantez v. J. C. Penney Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 24 Cal.3d 579, 592 [156 Cal.Rptr. 198, 595 P.2d 975], footnote and internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe look to whether facts known to the arresting officer \u2018at the moment the arrest was made\u2019 \u2018\u2009\u201cwould persuade someone of \u2018reasonable caution\u2019 that the person to be arrested has committed a crime.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cornell v. City &amp; County of San Francisco<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 17 Cal.App.5th 766, 779 [225 Cal.Rptr.3d 356], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIf the facts that gave rise to the arrest are undisputed, the issue of probable cause is a question of law for the trial court. When, however, the facts that gave rise to the arrest are controverted, the trial court must instruct the jury as to what facts, if established, would constitute probable cause. \u2018The trier of fact\u2019s function in false arrest cases is to resolve conflicts in the evidence. Accordingly, where the evidence is conflicting with respect to probable cause, \u201c\u2009\u2018it [is] the duty of the court to instruct the jury as to what facts, if established, would constitute probable cause.\u2019\u2009\u201d \u2026 The jury then decides whether the evidence supports the necessary factual findings.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Levin v. United Air Lines, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 158 Cal.App.4th 1002, 1018\u20131019 [70 Cal.Rptr.3d 535], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe legal standard we apply to assess probable cause is an objective one in which the subjective motivations of the arresting officers have no role. But it is an overstatement to say that what is in the mind of an arresting officer is wholly irrelevant, for the objective test of reasonableness is simply a measure by which we assess whether the circumstances as subjectively perceived by the officer provide a reasonable basis for the seizure.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cornell<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 17 Cal.App.5th at p. 779, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Presence\u2019 is not mere physical proximity but is determined by whether the offense is apparent to the officer\u2019s senses.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People v. Sjosten<\/span>\u00a0(1968) 262 Cal.App.2d 539, 543\u2013544 [68 Cal.Rptr. 832], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009509, 511<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 42,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">False Imprisonment and False Arrest<\/span>, \u00a7\u200942.23\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>22\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 257,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">False Imprisonment<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009257.20\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 103,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">False Imprisonment<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009103.65 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u00a7\u200913:22\u201313:24 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-oy8bi-563752ddab442a67020fb27eb21bca50 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-j7nla-6ac858c4c38fcb26e684a0deb862a44d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-j7nla-6ac858c4c38fcb26e684a0deb862a44d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-j7nla-6ac858c4c38fcb26e684a0deb862a44d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-870","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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