{"id":986,"date":"2021-10-25T03:49:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=986"},"modified":"2022-05-03T20:32:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T20:32:02","slug":"caci-1724-fair-and-true-reporting-privilege-civ-code-%c2%a7-47d","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1724-fair-and-true-reporting-privilege-civ-code-%c2%a7-47d\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1724 Fair and True Reporting Privilege (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200947(d))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku7wtllt-3095853760f6d030a9c82a63225db37a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku7wtllt-3095853760f6d030a9c82a63225db37a{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku7wtllt-3095853760f6d030a9c82a63225db37a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku7wtllt-3095853760f6d030a9c82a63225db37a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku7wtllt-3095853760f6d030a9c82a63225db37a av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1724 Fair and True Reporting Privilege (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200947(d))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku7wuni8-8cc444ab9ae53ec9a07a86c23a50d576\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku7wuni8-8cc444ab9ae53ec9a07a86c23a50d576 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku7wuni8-8cc444ab9ae53ec9a07a86c23a50d576 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1724\u00a0Fair and True Reporting Privilege (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200947(d))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] cannot recover damages from [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">1.<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s statement(s) [was\/were] [reported in\/communicated to] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify public journal in which statement(s) appeared<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">2.<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The [report\/communication] was of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">select the applicable statutory context<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[a judicial, legislative, or other public official proceeding;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[something said in the course of a judicial, legislative, or other public official proceeding;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[a verified charge or complaint made by any person to a public official on which a warrant was issued;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">3.<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The [report\/communication] was both fair and true. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New November 2017 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction involves what is referred to as the \u201cfair and true reporting privilege\u201d of\u00a0Civil Code section 47(d). This statute grants an absolute privilege against defamation for a fair and true report in, or a communication to, a public journal, of a judicial, legislative, or other public official proceeding; or for anything said in the course of the proceeding; or for a verified charge or complaint made by any person to a public official, on which complaint a warrant has been issued.<\/p>\n<p>An element of defamation is that the alleged defamatory statement is \u201cunprivileged.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hui v. Sturbaum<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 222 Cal.App.4th 1109, 1118 [166 Cal.Rptr.3d 569].) That would seem to suggest that the plaintiff must prove that a privilege does not apply. Nevertheless, courts have held that it is the defendant\u2019s burden to prove that the statement is within the scope of the privilege, including that it was fair and true. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burrill v. Nair<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 357, 396 [158 Cal.Rptr.3d 332], disapproved on another ground in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Baral v. Schnitt<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 1 Cal.5th 376, 396, fn. 11 [205 Cal.Rptr.3d 475, 376 P.3d 604].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Fair and True Reporting Privilege.\u00a0Civil Code section 47(d).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnder section 47, subdivision (d), the fair and true reporting privilege protects a \u2018fair and true report in, or a communication to, a public journal, of \u2026 a judicial \u2026 proceeding, or \u2026 anything said in the course thereof.\u2019 It too is an absolute privilege\u2014that is, it applies regardless of the defendants\u2019 motive for making the report\u2014and forecloses a plaintiff from showing a probability of prevailing on the merits.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Argentieri v. Zuckerberg<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 8 Cal.App.5th 768, 787 [214 Cal.Rptr.3d 358].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe purpose of this privilege is to ensure the public interest is served by the dissemination of information about events occurring in official proceedings and with respect to verified charges or complaints resulting in the issuance of a warrant.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burrill, supra,<\/span>\u00a0217 Cal.App.4th at p. 397.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPrior to 1997 subdivision (d) applied only to a fair and true report\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">in a<\/span>\u00a0public journal. Senate Bill No. 1540 (1995\u20131996 Reg. Sess.), sponsored by the California Newspapers Publishers Association, amended the provision, effective January 1, 1997, to add \u2018or a communication to,\u2019 so the privilege would extend, as it does now, to both a fair and true report in and a communication to a public journal concerning judicial, legislative or other public proceedings.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">J-M Manufacturing Co., Inc. v. Phillips &amp; Cohen LLP<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 247 Cal.App.4th 87, 97 [201 Cal.Rptr.3d 782], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe privilege applies if the substance of the publication or broadcast captures the gist or sting of the statements made in the official proceedings.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burrill, supra,<\/span>\u00a0217 Cal.App.4th at p. 398.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe defendant is entitled to a certain degree of \u2018\u2009\u201cflexibility\/literary license\u201d\u2009\u2019 in this regard, such that the privilege will apply even if there is a slight inaccuracy in details\u2014one that does not lead the reader to be affected differently by the report than he or she would be by the actual truth.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Argentieri, supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at pp. 787\u2013788.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Plaintiff] further contends it was for a jury, not the trial court, to decide whether [defendant]\u2019s Statement was a fair and true report. Courts have stated that the fairness and truth of a report is an issue of fact for the jury,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">if<\/span>\u00a0there is any material factual dispute on the issue.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Argentieri, supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at p. 791, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[W]hether or not a privileged occasion exists is for the court to decide, while the effect produced by the particular words used in an article [or broadcast] and the fairness of the report is a question of fact for the jury [citation].\u2019 \u2018[T]he publication is to be measured by the natural and probable effect it would have on the mind of the average reader [citations]. The standard of interpretation to be used in testing alleged defamatory language is how those in the community where the matter was published would reasonably understand it [citation]. In determining whether the report was fair and true, the article [or broadcast] must be regarded from the standpoint of persons whose function is to give the public a fair report of what has taken place. The report is not to be judged by the standard of accuracy that would be adopted if it were the report of a professional law reporter or a trained lawyer [citation].\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burrill, supra,<\/span>\u00a0217 Cal.App.4th at p. 398, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAt the very least, the difference between these accusations presents a question of fact with respect to whether the average listener would understand the broadcast to capture the gist or sting of the citizen\u2019s complaint, or whether the charge made in the broadcast would affect the listener differently than that made in the citizen\u2019s complaint.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burrill, supra,<\/span>\u00a0217 Cal.App.4th at p. 398.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn evaluating the effect a publication has on the average reader, the challenged language must be viewed in context to determine whether, applying a \u2018totality of the circumstances\u2019 test, it is reasonably susceptible to the defamatory meaning alleged by the plaintiff: \u2018\u2009\u201c[A] defamatory meaning must be found, if at all, in a reading of the publication as a whole.\u201d [Citation.] \u201cThis is a rule of reason. Defamation actions cannot be based on snippets taken out of context.\u201d\u2009\u2019 (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">J-M Manufacturing Co., Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a0247 Cal.App.4th at p. 97, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Defendant] bears the burden of proving the privilege applies.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burrill, supra,<\/span>\u00a0217 Cal.App.4th at p. 396.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018A report of a judicial proceeding implies that some official action has been taken by the officer or body whose proceedings are thus reported. The publication, therefore, of the contents of preliminary pleadings such as a complaint or petition, before any judicial action has been taken is not within the rule stated in this Section. An important reason for this position has been to prevent implementation of a scheme to file a complaint for the purpose of establishing a privilege to publicize its content and then dropping the action. (See Comment c). It is not necessary, however, that a final disposition be made of the matter in question; it is enough that some judicial action has been taken so that, in the normal progress of the proceeding, a final decision will be rendered.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Burrill, supra,<\/span>\u00a0at p. 397, quoting\u00a0Restatement 2d of Torts, \u00a7\u2009611, comment e.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u2009691<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 45,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Intentional Torts and Other Theories of Recovery<\/span>, \u00a7\u200945.11\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>30\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 340,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Libel and Slander<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009340.64\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>14\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 142,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Libel and Slander<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009142.51\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-t1v82-35709324f7d8b1b241d4751b387e5d79 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mnyzm-402802c5ef58e01f7f830aaf94237ef3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-mnyzm-402802c5ef58e01f7f830aaf94237ef3 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mnyzm-402802c5ef58e01f7f830aaf94237ef3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-986","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 1724 Fair and True Reporting Privilege (Civ. 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