{"id":88,"date":"2022-04-15T09:34:30","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T09:34:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/texas-statutes\/?page_id=88"},"modified":"2022-05-12T08:44:54","modified_gmt":"2022-05-12T08:44:54","slug":"texas-penal-code-32-51-fraudulent-use-or-possession-of-identifying-information","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/texas-statutes\/texas-penal-code-32-51-fraudulent-use-or-possession-of-identifying-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Texas Penal Code 32.51 Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l1yrkvxp-2f4214c4cb99def5d3c2a9f702ddff81\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l1yrkvxp-2f4214c4cb99def5d3c2a9f702ddff81{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l1yrkvxp-2f4214c4cb99def5d3c2a9f702ddff81 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l1yrkvxp-2f4214c4cb99def5d3c2a9f702ddff81 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l1yrkvxp-2f4214c4cb99def5d3c2a9f702ddff81 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>Texas<\/p>\n<\/div><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Texas Penal Code  \u00a7 32.51<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2iemc-c5b96d0b828a039b3202d17543941af7\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2iemc-c5b96d0b828a039b3202d17543941af7{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2iemc-c5b96d0b828a039b3202d17543941af7 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-23w60-35812ad4246e438f9949af85e98ca990 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c #s.av-input-field{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c .av-input-field-icon.av-search-icon{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c .av-input-field-icon.av-search-icon.avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nheight:20px;\nwidth:20px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c #searchsubmit{\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/texas-statutes\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-1by84-2023ddd1e4ad03196beb5d9db4eec58c' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search Texas Statutes' aria-label='Search Texas Statutes' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='10' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-zh5g-891931b3d964831cf483a91beda80909\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-zh5g-891931b3d964831cf483a91beda80909{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-zh5g-891931b3d964831cf483a91beda80909 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_avia_sc_search  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l1yrlmul-45efb765599bf47293bd21bf6d6202dc '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Texas Penal Code &#8211; PENAL \u00a7 32.51. Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information<\/h2>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(a)\u2002In this section:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(1)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Identifying information<\/span>\u201d means information that alone or in conjunction with other information identifies a person, including a person&#8217;s:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\">(A)\u2002name and date of birth;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\">(B)\u2002unique biometric data, including the person&#8217;s fingerprint, voice print, or retina or iris image;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\">(C)\u2002unique electronic identification number, address, routing code, or financial institution account number;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\">(D)\u2002telecommunication identifying information or access device; \u2009and<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\">(E)\u2002social security number or other government-issued identification number.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(2)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Telecommunication access device<\/span>\u201d means a card, plate, code, account number, personal identification number, electronic serial number, mobile identification number, or other telecommunications service, equipment, or instrument identifier or means of account access that alone or in conjunction with another telecommunication access device may be used to:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\">(A)\u2002obtain money, goods, services, or other thing of value; \u2009or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px\">(B)\u2002initiate a transfer of funds other than a transfer originated solely by paper instrument.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(b)\u2002A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to harm or defraud another, obtains, possesses, transfers, or uses an item of:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(1)\u2002identifying information of another person without the other person&#8217;s consent\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">or effective consent<\/span>;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(2)\u2002information concerning a deceased natural person, including a stillborn infant or fetus, that would be identifying information of that person were that person alive, if the item of information is obtained, possessed, transferred, or used without legal authorization; \u2009or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(3)\u2002identifying information of a child younger than 18 years of age.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(b-1)\u2002For the purposes of Subsection (b), the actor is presumed to have the intent to harm or defraud another if the actor possesses:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(1)\u2002the identifying information of three or more other persons;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(2)\u2002information described by Subsection (b)(2) concerning three or more deceased persons; \u2009or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(3)\u2002information described by Subdivision (1) or (2) concerning three or more persons or deceased persons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(b-2)\u2002The presumption established under Subsection (b-1) does not apply to a business or other commercial entity or a government agency that is engaged in a business activity or governmental function that does not violate a penal law of this state.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(c)\u2002An offense under this section is:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(1)\u2002a state jail felony if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is less than five;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(2)\u2002a felony of the third degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is five or more but less than 10;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(3)\u2002a felony of the second degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is 10 or more but less than 50; \u2009or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(4)\u2002a felony of the first degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is 50 or more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(c-1)\u2002An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (c)(1)-(3) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(1)\u2002the offense was committed against an elderly individual as defined by\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 22.04\u00a0<\/span>; \u2009or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(2)\u2002the actor fraudulently used identifying information with the intent to facilitate an offense under\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Article 62.102, Code of Criminal Procedure\u00a0<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(d)\u2002If a court orders a defendant convicted of an offense under this section to make restitution to the victim of the offense, the court may order the defendant to reimburse the victim for lost income or other expenses, other than attorney&#8217;s fees, incurred as a result of the offense.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(e)\u2002If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-88","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Texas Penal Code 32.51 Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information - Texas Statutes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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