CACI 1706 Definition of Statement
California Civil Jury Instructions CACI
1706 Definition of Statement
The word “statement” in these instructions refers to any form of communication or representation, including spoken or written words [or] pictures [or] [insert audible or visual representations].
Directions for Use
This instruction may be necessary in every case, but could be useful in cases where defamatory material is not written or verbal.
Sources and Authority
•Libel. Civil Code section 45.
•Slander. Civil Code section 46.
Secondary Sources
5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, §§ 623–654
4 Levy et al., California Torts, Ch. 45, Defamation, § 45.02 (Matthew Bender)
30 California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 340, Libel and Slander, § 340.18 (Matthew Bender)
14 California Points and Authorities, Ch. 142, Libel and Slander (Defamation), § 142.21 (Matthew Bender)
California Civil Practice: Torts § 21:2 (Thomson Reuters)