California Civil Jury Instructions
Pretrial
CACI 100 Preliminary Admonitions (revised)
CACI 101 Overview of Trial (revised)
CACI 102 Taking Notes During the Trial (revised)
CACI 103 Multiple Parties (revised)
CACI 104 Nonperson Party (revised)
CACI 108 Duty to Abide by Translation Provided in Court
CACI 109 Removal of Claims or Parties
CACI 110 Service Provider for Juror with Disability
CACI 111 Instruction to Alternate Jurors
CACI 112 Questions from Jurors
CACI 114 Bench Conferences and Conferences in Chambers
CACI 115 Class Action Defined Plaintiff Class
CACI 116 Why Electronic Communications and Research Are Prohibited
Evidence
CACI 200 Obligation to Prove—More Likely True Than Not True (revised)
CACI 201 Highly Probable Clear and Convincing Proof
CACI 202 Direct and Indirect Evidence (revised)
CACI 203 Party Having Power to Produce Better Evidence
CACI 204 Willful Suppression of Evidence
CACI 205 Failure to Explain or Deny Evidence
CACI 206 Evidence Admitted for Limited Purpose
CACI 207 Evidence Applicable to One Party
CACI 208 Deposition as Substantive Evidence
CACI 209 Use of Interrogatories of a Party
CACI 210 Requests for Admissions
CACI 211 Prior Conviction of a Felony
CACI 212Statements of a Party Opponent
Reserved for Future Use
CACI 215 Exercise of a Communication Privilege
CACI 216 Exercise of Right Not to Incriminate Oneself (Evid. Code, § 913)
CACI 217 Evidence of Settlement
CACI 218 Statements Made to Physician (Previously Existing Condition)
CACI 219 Expert Witness Testimony
CACI 220 Experts—Questions Containing Assumed Facts
CACI 221 Conflicting Expert Testimony
CACI 222 Evidence of Sliding-Scale Settlement
Contracts
300 Breach of Contract—Introduction
302 Contract Formation—Essential Factual Elements
303 Breach of Contract—Essential Factual Elements
304 Oral or Written Contract Terms
308 Contract Formation—Revocation of Offer
309 Contract Formation—Acceptance
310 Contract Formation—Acceptance by Silence
311 Contract Formation—Rejection of Offer
314 Interpretation—Disputed Words
315 Interpretation—Meaning of Ordinary Words
316 Interpretation—Meaning of Technical Words
317 Interpretation—Construction of Contract as a Whole
318 Interpretation—Construction by Conduct
319 Interpretation—Reasonable Time
320 Interpretation—Construction Against Drafter
321 Existence of Condition Precedent Disputed
322 Occurrence of Agreed Condition Precedent
323 Waiver of Condition Precedent
325 Breach of Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing—Essential Factual Elements
328 Breach of Implied Duty to Perform With Reasonable Care—Essential Factual Elements
- Reserved for Future Use
330 Affirmative Defense—Unilateral Mistake of Fact
331 Affirmative Defense—Bilateral Mistake
332 Affirmative Defense—Duress
333 Affirmative Defense—Economic Duress
334 Affirmative Defense—Undue Influence
336 Affirmative Defense—Waiver
337 Affirmative Defense—Novation
338 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations
339–349. Reserved for Future Use
350 Introduction to Contract Damages
352 Loss of Profits—No Profits Earned
353 Loss of Profits—Some Profits Earned
354 Owner’s/Lessee’s Damages for Breach of Contract to Construct Improvements on Real Property
355 Obligation to Pay Money Only
356 Buyer’s Damages for Breach of Contract for Sale of Real Property (Civ. Code, § 3306)
357 Seller’s Damages for Breach of Contract to Purchase Real Property
359 Present Cash Value of Future Damages
362–369. Reserved for Future Use
370 Common Count: Money Had and Received
371 Common Count: Goods and Services Rendered
372 Common Count: Open Book Account
373 Common Count: Account Stated
374 Common Count: Mistaken Receipt
375 Restitution From Transferee Based on Quasi-Contract or Unjust Enrichment
376–379. Reserved for Future Use
381–399. Reserved for Future Use
VF-301 Breach of Contract—Affirmative Defense—Unilateral Mistake of Fact
VF-302 Breach of Contract—Affirmative Defense—Duress
VF-303 Breach of Contract—Contract Formation at Issue
VF-304 Breach of Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing
VF-305–VF-399. Reserved for Future Use
Negligence
Synopsis to Series 400 : NEGLIGENCE
400 Negligence – Essential Factual Elements
402 Standard of Care for Minors
403 Standard of Care for Physically Disabled Person
405 Comparative Fault of Plaintiff
406 Apportionment of Responsibility
407 Comparative Fault of Decedent
408–410. Reserved for Future Use
411 Reliance on Good Conduct of Others
412 Duty of Care Owed Children
414 Amount of Caution Required in Dangerous Situations
415 Employee Required to Work in Dangerous Situations
416 Amount of Caution Required in Transmitting Electric Power
417 Special Doctrines: Res ipsa loquitur
418 Presumption of Negligence per se
419 Presumption of Negligence per se (Causation Only at Issue)
420 Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence—Violation Excused
421 Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence (Violation of Minor Excused)
422 Providing Alcoholic Beverages to Obviously Intoxicated Minors (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 25602.1)
423 Public Entity Liability for Failure to Perform Mandatory Duty
424 Negligence Not Contested—Essential Factual Elements
425 “Gross Negligence” Explained
426 Negligent Hiring, Supervision, or Retention of Employee
427 Furnishing Alcoholic Beverages to Minors (Civ. Code, § 1714(d))
428 Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)
429 Negligent Sexual Transmission of Disease
430 Causation: Substantial Factor
431 Causation: Multiple Causes
432 Affirmative Defense—Causation: Third-Party Conduct as Superseding Cause
433 Affirmative Defense—Causation: Intentional Tort/Criminal Act as Superseding Cause
435 Causation for Asbestos-Related Cancer Claims
436–439. Reserved for Future Use
441 Negligent Use of Deadly Force by Peace Officer—Essential Factual Elements
442–449. Reserved for Future Use
450A Good Samaritan—Nonemergency
450B Good Samaritan—Scene of Emergency
451 Affirmative Defense—Contractual Assumption of Risk
453 Injury Incurred in Course of Rescue
454 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations
455 Statute of Limitations—Delayed Discovery
456 Defendant Estopped From Asserting Statute of Limitations Defense
457 Statute of Limitations—Equitable Tolling—Other Prior Proceeding
458–459. Reserved for Future Use
460 Strict Liability for Ultrahazardous Activities—Essential Factual Elements
461 Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Wild Animal—Essential Factual Elements
463 Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, § 3342)—Essential Factual Elements
464–469. Reserved for Future Use
471 Primary Assumption of Risk—Exception to Nonliability—Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches
473 Primary Assumption of Risk—Exception to Nonliability—Occupation Involving Inherent Risk
474–499. Reserved for Future Use
VF-400 Negligence—Single Defendant
VF-401 Negligence—Single Defendant—Plaintiff’s Negligence at Issue—Fault of Others Not at Issue
VF-402 Negligence—Fault of Plaintiff and Others at Issue
VF-403 Primary Assumption of Risk—Liability of Coparticipant
VF-404 Primary Assumption of Risk—Liability of Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches
VF-405 Primary Assumption of Risk—Liability of Facilities Owners and Operators and Event Sponsors
VF-406 Negligence—Providing Alcoholic Beverages to Obviously Intoxicated Minor
VF-407 Strict Liability—Ultrahazardous Activities
VF-408 Strict Liability for Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities
VF-409 Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, § 3342)
VF-411 Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)
VF-412–VF-499. Reserved for Future Use
Medical Negligence
Synopsis to Series 500 : MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE
500 Medical Negligence—Essential Factual Elements
501 Standard of Care for Health Care Professionals
502 Standard of Care for Medical Specialists
503A Psychotherapist’s Duty to Protect Intended Victim From Patient’s Threat
503B Affirmative Defense—Psychotherapist’s Communication of Threat to Victim and Law Enforcement
504 Standard of Care for Nurses
506 Alternative Methods of Care
507 Duty to Warn Patient
508 Duty to Refer to a Specialist
510 Derivative Liability of Surgeon
511 Wrongful Birth—Sterilization/Abortion—Essential Factual Elements
512 Wrongful Birth—Essential Factual Elements
513 Wrongful Life—Essential Factual Elements
515 Duty of Hospital to Provide Safe Environment
516 Duty of Hospital to Screen Medical Staff
517 Affirmative Defense—Patient’s Duty to Provide for the Patient’s Own Well-Being
518 Medical Malpractice: Res ipsa loquitur
519–530. Reserved for Future Use
530B Medical Battery—Conditional Consent
531 Consent on Behalf of Another
532 Informed Consent—Definition
533 Failure to Obtain Informed Consent—Essential Factual Elements
534 Informed Refusal—Definition
535 Risks of Nontreatment—Essential Factual Elements
536–549. Reserved for Future Use
550 Affirmative Defense—Plaintiff Would Have Consented
551 Affirmative Defense—Waiver
552 Affirmative Defense—Simple Procedure
553 Affirmative Defense—Emotional State of Patient
554 Affirmative Defense—Emergency
557–599. Reserved for Future Use
VF-502 Medical Negligence—Informed Consent—Affirmative Defense—Emergency
VF-503–VF-599. Reserved for Future Use
Professional Negligence
Synopsis to Series 600 : PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE
601 Damages for Negligent Handling of Legal Matter
603 Alternative Legal Decisions or Strategies
604 Referral to Legal Specialist
605 Reserved for Future Use
606 Legal Malpractice Causing Criminal Conviction—Actual Innocence
607–609. Reserved for Future Use
612–699. Reserved for Future Use
Motor Vehicles and Highway Safety
Synopsis to Series 700 : MOTOR VEHICLES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY
701 Definition of Right-of-Way
703 Definition of “Immediate Hazard”
704 Left Turns (Veh. Code, § 21801)
705 Turning (Veh. Code, § 22107)
706 Basic Speed Law (Veh. Code, § 22350)
707 Speed Limit (Veh. Code, § 22352)
708 Maximum Speed Limit (Veh. Code, §§ 22349, 22356)
709 Driving Under the Influence (Veh. Code, §§ 23152, 23153)
710 Duties of Care for Pedestrians and Drivers in Crosswalk (Veh. Code, § 21950)
711 The Passenger’s Duty of Care for Own Safety
712 Affirmative Defense—Failure to Wear a Seat Belt
713–719. Reserved for Future Use
720 Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use of Vehicle
721 Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Affirmative Defense—Use Beyond Scope of Permission
722 Adult’s Liability for Minor’s Permissive Use of Motor Vehicle
723 Liability of Cosigner of Minor’s Application for Driver’s License
724 Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle
725–729. Reserved for Future Use
730 Emergency Vehicle Exemption (Veh. Code, § 21055)
731 Definition of “Emergency” (Veh. Code, § 21055)
732–799. Reserved for Future Use
VF-700 Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use of Vehicle
VF-702 Adult’s Liability for Minor’s Permissive Use of Motor Vehicle
VF-703 Liability of Cosigner of Minor’s Application for Driver’s License
VF-704 Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle
VF-705–VF-799. Reserved for Future Use
Railroad Crossings
Synopsis to Series 800 : RAILROAD CROSSINGS
800 Basic Standard of Care for Railroads
801 Duty to Comply With Safety Regulations
802 Reserved for Future Use
804 Lookout for Crossing Traffic
805 Installing Warning Systems
806 Comparative Fault—Duty to Approach Crossing With Care
807–899. Reserved for Future Use
Common Carriers
Synopsis to Series 900 : COMMON CARRIERS
901 Status of Common Carrier Disputed
903 Duty to Provide and Maintain Safe Equipment
904 Duty of Common Carrier Toward Disabled/Infirm Passengers
905 Duty of Common Carrier Toward Minor Passengers
906 Duty of Passenger for Own Safety
907 Status of Passenger Disputed
908 Duty to Protect Passengers From Assault
909–999. Reserved for Future Use
Premises Liability
Synopsis to Series 1000 : PREMISES LIABILITY
1000 Premises Liability—Essential Factual Elements
1002 Extent of Control Over Premises Area
1004 Obviously Unsafe Conditions
1005 Business Proprietor’s or Property Owner’s Liability for the Criminal Conduct of Others
1007 Sidewalk Abutting Property
1008 Liability for Adjacent Altered Sidewalk—Essential Factual Elements
1009A Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Concealed Conditions
1009B Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions—Retained Control
1009C. Reserved for Future Use
1009D Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions—Defective Equipment
1010 Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity—Exceptions (Civ. Code, § 846)
1011 Constructive Notice Regarding Dangerous Conditions on Property
1012 Knowledge of Employee Imputed to Owner
1013–1099. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1000 Premises Liability—Comparative Negligence of Others Not at Issue
VF-1001 Premises Liability—Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity—Exceptions
VF-1002 Premises Liability—Comparative Fault of Plaintiff at Issue
VF-1003–VF-1099. Reserved for Future Use
Dangerous Condition of Public Property
Synopsis to Series 1100 : DANGEROUS CONDITION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY
1100 Dangerous Condition on Public Property—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 835)
1102 Definition of “Dangerous Condition” (Gov. Code, § 830(a))
1103 Notice (Gov. Code, § 835.2)
1104 Inspection System (Gov. Code, § 835.2(b)(1) & (2))
1105–1109. Reserved for Future Use
1110 Affirmative Defense—Natural Conditions (Gov. Code, § 831.2)
1111 Affirmative Defense—Condition Created by Reasonable Act or Omission (Gov. Code, § 835.4(a))
1112 Affirmative Defense—Reasonable Act or Omission to Correct (Gov. Code, § 835.4(b))
1113–1119. Reserved for Future Use
1120 Failure to Provide Traffic Control Signals (Gov. Code, § 830.4)
1121 Failure to Provide Traffic Warning Signals, Signs, or Markings (Gov. Code, § 830.8)
1122 Affirmative Defense—Weather Conditions Affecting Streets and Highways (Gov. Code, § 831)
1123 Affirmative Defense—Design Immunity (Gov. Code, § 830.6)
1124 Loss of Design Immunity (Cornette)
1125 Conditions on Adjacent Property
1126–1199. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1100 Dangerous Condition of Public Property
VF-1102–VF-1199. Reserved for Future Use
Products Liability
Synopsis to Series 1200 : PRODUCTS LIABILITY
1200 Strict Liability—Essential Factual Elements
1201 Strict Liability—Manufacturing Defect—Essential Factual Elements
1202 Strict Liability—“Manufacturing Defect” Explained
1203 Strict Liability—Design Defect—Consumer Expectation Test—Essential Factual Elements
1205 Strict Liability—Failure to Warn—Essential Factual Elements
1207A Strict Liability—Comparative Fault of Plaintiff
1207B Strict Liability—Comparative Fault of Third Person
1209–1219. Reserved for Future Use
1220 Negligence—Essential Factual Elements
1221 Negligence—Basic Standard of Care
1222 Negligence—Manufacturer or Supplier—Duty to Warn—Essential Factual Elements
1223 Negligence—Recall/Retrofit
1224 Negligence—Negligence for Product Rental/Standard of Care
1225–1229. Reserved for Future Use
1230 Express Warranty—Essential Factual Elements
1231 Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Essential Factual Elements
1232 Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose—Essential Factual Elements
1233 Implied Warranty of Merchantability for Food—Essential Factual Elements
1234–1239. Reserved for Future Use
1240 Affirmative Defense to Express Warranty—Not “Basis of Bargain”
1241 Affirmative Defense—Exclusion or Modification of Express Warranty
1242 Affirmative Defense—Exclusion of Implied Warranties
1243 Notification/Reasonable Time
1244 Affirmative Defense—Sophisticated User
1245 Affirmative Defense—Product Misuse or Modification
1246 Affirmative Defense—Design Defect—Government Contractor
1247 Affirmative Defense—Failure to Warn—Government Contractor
1248 Affirmative Defense—Inherently Unsafe Consumer Product (Civ. Code, § 1714.45)
1249 Affirmative Defense—Reliance on Knowledgeable Intermediary
1250–1299. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1200 Strict Products Liability—Manufacturing Defect—Comparative Fault at Issue
VF-1201 Strict Products Liability—Design Defect—Affirmative Defense—Misuse or Modification
VF-1202 Strict Products Liability—Design Defect—Risk-Benefit Test
VF-1203 Strict Products Liability—Failure to Warn
VF-1204 Products Liability—Negligence—Comparative Fault of Plaintiff at Issue
VF-1205 Products Liability—Negligent Failure to Warn
VF-1206 Products Liability—Express Warranty—Affirmative Defense—Not “Basis of Bargain”
VF-1208 Products Liability—Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose
VF-1209–VF-1299. Reserved for Future Use
Assault and Battery
Synopsis to Series 1300 : ASSAULT AND BATTERY
1300 Battery—Essential Factual Elements
1301 Assault—Essential Factual Elements
1304 Affirmative Defense—Self-Defense/Defense of Others
1305A Battery by Law Enforcement Officer (Nondeadly Force)—Essential Factual Elements
1305B Battery by Peace Officer (Deadly Force)—Essential Factual Elements
1306 Sexual Battery—Essential Factual Elements
1307–1319. Reserved for Future Use
1322–1399. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1301 Battery—Self-Defense/Defense of Others at Issue
VF-1303A Battery by Law Enforcement Officer (Nondeadly Force)
VF-1303B Battery by Peace Officer (Deadly Force)
VF-1304–VF-1399. Reserved for Future Use
False Imprisonment
Synopsis to Series 1400 : FALSE IMPRISONMENT
1400 No Arrest Involved—Essential Factual Elements
1401 False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace Officer—Essential Factual Elements
1402 False Arrest Without Warrant—Affirmative Defense—Peace Officer—Probable Cause to Arrest
1403 False Arrest Without Warrant by Private Citizen—Essential Factual Elements
1404 False Arrest Without Warrant—Affirmative Defense—Private Citizen—Probable Cause to Arrest
1405 False Arrest With Warrant—Essential Factual Elements
1406 False Arrest With Warrant—Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—“Good-Faith” Exception
1407 Unnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing—Essential Factual Elements
1408 Affirmative Defense—Police Officer’s Lawful Authority to Detain
1409 Common Law Right to Detain for Investigation
1410–1499. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1400 False Imprisonment—No Arrest Involved
VF-1401 False Imprisonment—No Arrest Involved—Affirmative Defense—Right to Detain for Investigation
VF-1402 False Arrest Without Warrant
VF-1403 False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—Probable Cause to Arrest
VF-1404 False Arrest Without Warrant by Private Citizen—Affirmative Defense—Probable Cause to Arrest
VF-1405 False Arrest With Warrant
VF-1406 False Arrest With Warrant—Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—“Good-Faith” Exception
VF-1407 False Imprisonment—Unnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing
VF-1408–VF-1499. Reserved for Future Use
Malicious Prosecution
Synopsis to Series 1500 : MALICIOUS PROSECUTION
1500 Former Criminal Proceeding—Essential Factual Elements
1501 Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings
1502 Wrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings
1504 Former Criminal Proceeding—“Actively Involved” Explained
1505–1509. Reserved for Future Use
1510 Affirmative Defense—Reliance on Counsel
1512–1519. Reserved for Future Use
1520 Abuse of Process—Essential Factual Elements
1521–1529. Reserved for Future Use
1530 Apportionment of Attorney Fees and Costs Between Proper and Improper Claims
1531–1599. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1500 Malicious Prosecution—Former Criminal Proceeding
VF-1501 Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings
VF-1503 Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings
VF-1505–VF-1599. Reserved for Future Use
Emotional Distress
Synopsis to Series 1600 : EMOTIONAL DISTRESS
1600 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Essential Factual Elements
1601 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS
1602 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Outrageous Conduct” Defined
1603 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Reckless Disregard” Defined
1604 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Severe Emotional Distress” Defined
1605 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Affirmative Defense—Privileged Conduct
1606–1619. Reserved for Future Use
1624–1699. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1600 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
VF-1601 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Affirmative Defense—Privileged Conduct
VF-1602 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS
VF-1603 Negligence—Recovery of Damages for Emotional Distress—No Physical Injury—Direct Victim
VF-1604 Negligence—Recovery of Damages for Emotional Distress—No Physical Injury—Bystander
VF-1607–VF-1699. Reserved for Future Use
Defamation
Synopsis to Series 1700 : DEFAMATION
1700 Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)
1702 Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)
1703 Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)
1704 Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)
1705 Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)
1709 Retraction: News Publication or Broadcast (Civ. Code, § 48a)
1710–1719. Reserved for Future Use
1720 Affirmative Defense—Truth
1721 Affirmative Defense—Consent
1722 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations—Defamation
1723 Common Interest Privilege—Malice (Civ. Code, § 47(c))
1724 Fair and True Reporting Privilege (Civ. Code, § 47(d))
1725–1729. Reserved for Future Use
1730 Slander of Title—Essential Factual Elements
1731 Trade Libel—Essential Factual Elements
1732–1799. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1700 Defamation per se (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)
VF-1701 Defamation per quod (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)
VF-1702 Defamation per se (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)
VF-1703 Defamation per quod (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)
VF-1704 Defamation per se—Affirmative Defense—Truth (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)
VF-1705 Defamation per quod (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)
VF-1706–VF-1719. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1722–VF-1799. Reserved for Future Use
Table A Defamation Per Se
Table B Defamation Per Quod
Right of Privacy
Synopsis to Series 1800 : RIGHT OF PRIVACY
1800 Intrusion Into Private Affairs
1801 Public Disclosure of Private Facts
1803 Appropriation of Name or Likeness—Essential Factual Elements
1804A Use of Name or Likeness (Civ. Code, § 3344)
1805 Affirmative Defense to Use or Appropriation of Name or Likeness—First Amendment (Comedy III)
1806 Affirmative Defense to Invasion of Privacy—First Amendment Balancing Test—Public Interest
1807 Affirmative Defense—Invasion of Privacy Justified
1808 Stalking (Civ. Code, § 1708.7)
1809 Recording of Confidential Information (Pen. Code, §§ 632, 637.2)
- Reserved for Future Use
1812 Comprehensive Computer Data and Access Fraud Act—Essential Factual Elements (Pen. Code, § 502)
1813 Definition of “Access” (Pen. Code, § 502(b)(1))
1815–1819. Reserved for Future Use
1821 Damages for Use of Name or Likeness (Civ. Code § 3344(a))
1822–1899. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1800 Privacy—Intrusion Into Private Affairs
VF-1801 Privacy—Public Disclosure of Private Facts
VF-1803 Privacy—Appropriation of Name or Likeness
VF-1804 Privacy—Use of Name or Likeness (Civ. 04Code, § 3344)
VF-1805–VF-1806. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1807 Privacy—Recording of Confidential Information (Pen. Code, §§ 632, 637.2)
VF-1808–VF-1899. Reserved for Future Use
Fraud or Deceit
Synopsis to Series 1900 : FRAUD OR DECEIT
1900 Intentional Misrepresentation
1903 Negligent Misrepresentation
1904 Opinions as Statements of Fact
1905 Definition of Important Fact/Promise
1906 Misrepresentations Made to Persons Other Than the Plaintiff
- Reserved for Future Use
1910 Real Estate Seller’s Nondisclosure of Material Facts
1911–1919. Reserved for Future Use
1920 Buyer’s Damages for Purchase or Acquisition of Property
1921 Buyer’s Damages for Purchase or Acquisition of Property—Lost Profits
1922 Seller’s Damages for Sale or Exchange of Property
1923 Damages—“Out of Pocket” Rule
1924 Damages—“Benefit of the Bargain” Rule
1925 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations—Fraud or Mistake
1926–1999. Reserved for Future Use
VF-1900 Intentional Misrepresentation
VF-1903 Negligent Misrepresentation
VF-1904–VF-1999. Reserved for Future Use
Trespass
Synopsis to Series 2000 : TRESPASS
2000 Trespass—Essential Factual Elements
2001 Trespass—Extrahazardous Activities
2002 Trespass to Timber—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 3346)
2003 Damage to Timber—Willful and Malicious Conduct
2004 “Intentional Entry” Explained
2005 Affirmative Defense—Necessity
2006–2019. Reserved for Future Use
2020 Public Nuisance—Essential Factual Elements
2021 Private Nuisance—Essential Factual Elements
2022 Private Nuisance—Balancing-Test Factors—Seriousness of Harm and Public Benefit
2023 Failure to Abate Artificial Condition on Land Creating Nuisance
2024–2029. Reserved for Future Use
2030 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations—Trespass or Private Nuisance
2031 Damages for Annoyance and Discomfort—Trespass or Nuisance
2032–2099. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2001 Trespass—Affirmative Defense—Necessity
VF-2002 Trespass—Extrahazardous Activities
VF-2003 Trespass to Timber (Civ. Code, § 3346)
VF-2004 Trespass to Timber—Willful and Malicious Conduct (Civ. Code, § 3346; Code Civ. Proc., § 733)
VF-2007–VF-2099. Reserved for Future Use
Conversion
Synopsis to Series 2100 : CONVERSION
2100 Conversion—Essential Factual Elements
2101 Trespass to Chattels—Essential Factual Elements
2102 Presumed Measure of Damages for Conversion (Civ. Code, § 3336)
2103–2199. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2101–VF-2199. Reserved for Future Use
Economic Interference
Synopsis to Series 2200 : ECONOMIC INTERFERENCE
2200 Inducing Breach of Contract
2201 Intentional Interference With Contractual Relations—Essential Factual Elements
2202 Intentional Interference With Prospective Economic Relations—Essential Factual Elements
2204 Negligent Interference With Prospective Economic Relations
2205 Intentional Interference With Expected Inheritance—Essential Factual Elements
2206–2209. Reserved for Future Use
2210 Affirmative Defense—Privilege to Protect Own Economic Interest
2211–2299. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2200 Inducing Breach of Contract
VF-2201 Intentional Interference With Contractual Relations
VF-2202 Intentional Interference With Prospective Economic Relations
VF-2203 Negligent Interference With Prospective Economic Relations
VF-2204–VF-2299. Reserved for Future Use
Insurance Litigation
Synopsis to Series 2300 : INSURANCE LITIGATION
2300 Breach of Contractual Duty to Pay a Covered Claim—Essential Factual Elements
2301 Breach of Insurance Binder—Essential Factual Elements
2302 Breach of Contract for Temporary Life Insurance—Essential Factual Elements
2303 Affirmative Defense—Insurance Policy Exclusion
2304 Exception to Insurance Policy Exclusion—Burden of Proof
2305 Lost or Destroyed Insurance Policy
2306 Covered and Excluded Risks—Predominant Cause of Loss
2307 Insurance Agency Relationship Disputed
2308 Affirmative Defense—Misrepresentation or Concealment in Insurance Application
2309 Termination of Insurance Policy for Fraudulent Claim
2310–2319. Reserved for Future Use
2320 Affirmative Defense—Failure to Provide Timely Notice
2321 Affirmative Defense—Insured’s Breach of Duty to Cooperate in Defense
2322 Affirmative Defense—Insured’s Voluntary Payment
2323–2329. Reserved for Future Use
2330 Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing Explained
2332 Bad Faith (First Party)—Failure to Properly Investigate Claim—Essential Factual Elements
2333 Bad Faith (First Party)—Breach of Duty to Inform Insured of Rights—Essential Factual Elements
2335 Bad Faith—Advice of Counsel
2336 Bad Faith (Third Party)—Unreasonable Failure to Defend—Essential Factual Elements
2337 Factors to Consider in Evaluating Insurer’s Conduct
2338–2349. Reserved for Future Use
2351 Insurer’s Claim for Reimbursement of Costs of Defense of Uncovered Claims
2352–2359. Reserved for Future Use
2360 Judgment Creditor’s Action Against Insurer—Essential Factual Elements
2361 Negligent Failure to Obtain Insurance Coverage—Essential Factual Elements
2362–2399. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2300 Breach of Contractual Duty to Pay a Covered Claim
VF-2301 Breach of the Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing—Failure or Delay in Payment
VF-2302. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2303 Bad Faith (First Party)—Breach of Duty to Inform Insured of Rights
VF-2304–VF-2399. Reserved for Future Use
Wrongful Termination
Synopsis to Series 2400 : WRONGFUL TERMINATION
2400 Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—“At-Will” Presumption
- Revoked November 2018.
2404 Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—“Good Cause” Defined
2405 Breach of Implied Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—“Good Cause” Defined—Misconduct
2406 Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—Damages
2407–2419. Reserved for Future Use
2420 Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Essential Factual Elements
2421 Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Good-Cause Defense (Lab. Code, § 2924)
2422 Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Damages
2425–2429. Reserved for Future Use
2430 Wrongful Discharge in Violation of Public Policy—Essential Factual Elements
2433–2440 Reserved for Future Use
2441 Discrimination Against Member of Military—Essential Factual Elements (Mil. & Vet. Code, § 394)
2442–2499. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2400 Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term
VF-2401 Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—Constructive Discharge
VF-2402 Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term
VF-2403 Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Good-Cause Defense
VF-2404 Employment—Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing
Fair Employment and Housing Act
Synopsis to Series 2500 : FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT
2500 Disparate Treatment—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))
2501 Affirmative Defense—Bona fide Occupational Qualification
2502 Disparate Impact—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))
2503 Affirmative Defense—Business Necessity/Job Relatedness
2504 Disparate Impact—Rebuttal to Business Necessity/Job Relatedness Defense
2505 Retaliation—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12940(h))
2506 Limitation on Remedies—After-Acquired Evidence
2507 “Substantial Motivating Reason” Explained
2509 “Adverse Employment Action” Explained
2510 “Constructive Discharge” Explained
2511 Adverse Action Made by Decision Maker Without Animus (Cat’s Paw)
2512 Limitation on Remedies—Same Decision
2514–2519. Reserved for Future Use
2520 Quid pro quo Sexual Harassment—Essential Factual Elements
2523 “Harassing Conduct” Explained
2524 “Severe or Pervasive” Explained
2525 Harassment—“Supervisor” Defined (Gov. Code, § 12926(t))
2526 Affirmative Defense—Avoidable Consequences Doctrine (Sexual Harassment by a Supervisor)
2528 Failure to Prevent Harassment by Nonemployee (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))
2529–2539. Reserved for Future Use
2540 Disability Discrimination—Disparate Treatment—Essential Factual Elements
2542 Disability Discrimination—“Reasonable Accommodation” Explained
2544 Disability Discrimination—Affirmative Defense—Health or Safety Risk
2545 Disability Discrimination—Affirmative Defense—Undue Hardship
2547 Disability-Based Associational Discrimination—Essential Factual Elements
2550–2559. Reserved for Future Use
2562–2569. Reserved for Future Use
2570 Age Discrimination—Disparate Treatment—Essential Factual Elements
2571–2599. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2500 Disparate Treatment (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))
VF-2502 Disparate Impact (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))
VF-2504 Retaliation (Gov. Code, § 12940(h))
VF-2505 Quid pro quo Sexual Harassment
VF-2508 Disability Discrimination—Disparate Treatment
VF-2509 Disability Discrimination—Reasonable Accommodation (Gov. Code, § 12940(m))
VF-2511 Religious Creed Discrimination—Failure to Accommodate (Gov. Code, § 12940(l))
VF-2514 Failure to Prevent Harassment, Discrimination, or Retaliation
VF-2515 Limitation on Remedies—Same Decision
VF-2516–VF-2599. Reserved for Future Use
California Family Rights Act
Synopsis to Series 2600 : CALIFORNIA FAMILY RIGHTS ACT
2600 Violation of CFRA Rights—Essential Factual Elements
2602 Reasonable Notice of CFRA Leave
2603 “Comparable Job” Explained
2604–2609. Reserved for Future Use
2610 Affirmative Defense—No Certification From Health-Care Provider
2611 Affirmative Defense—Fitness for Duty Statement
2612 Affirmative Defense—Employment Would Have Ceased
2613 Affirmative Defense—Key Employee
2614–2619. Reserved for Future Use
2620 CFRA Rights Retaliation—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12945.2(l))
2621–2629. Reserved for Future Use
2630 Violation of New Parent Leave Act—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12945.6)
2631–2699. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2600 Violation of CFRA Rights
VF-2601 Violation of CFRA Rights—Affirmative Defense—Employment Would Have Ceased
VF-2602 CFRA Rights Retaliation
VF-2603–VF-2699. Reserved for Future Use
Labor Code Actions
Synopsis to Series 2700 : LABOR CODE ACTIONS
2700 Nonpayment of Wages—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, §§ 201, 202, 218)
2701 Nonpayment of Minimum Wage—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1194)
2702 Nonpayment of Overtime Compensation—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1194)
2703 Nonpayment of Overtime Compensation—Proof of Overtime Hours Worked
2704 Damages—Waiting-Time Penalty for Nonpayment of Wages (Lab. Code, §§ 203, 218)
2706–2709. Reserved for Future Use
2710 Solicitation of Employee by Misrepresentation—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 970)
2712–2719. Reserved for Future Use
2720 Affirmative Defense—Nonpayment of Overtime—Executive Exemption
2721 Affirmative Defense—Nonpayment of Overtime—Administrative Exemption
2722–2731. Reserved for Future Use
2732 Retaliatory Unfair Immigration-Related Practice—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1019)
2733–2739. Reserved for Future Use
2740 Violation of Equal Pay Act—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1197.5)
2741 Affirmative Defense—Different Pay Justified
2742 Bona Fide Factor Other Than Sex, Race, or Ethnicity
2743 Equal Pay Act—Retaliation—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1197.5(k))
2744–2799. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2700 Nonpayment of Wages (Lab. Code, §§ 201, 202, 218)
VF-2701 Nonpayment of Minimum Wage (Lab. Code, § 1194)
VF-2702 Nonpayment of Overtime Compensation (Lab. Code, § 1194)
VF-2703 Waiting-Time Penalty for Nonpayment of Wages (Lab. Code, §§ 203, 218)
VF-2704 Solicitation of Employee by Misrepresentation (Lab. Code, § 970)
VF-2705 Preventing Subsequent Employment by Misrepresentation (Lab. Code, § 1050)
VF-2706–VF-2799. Reserved for Future Use
Workers’ Compensation
Synopsis to Series 2800 : WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
2800 Employer’s Affirmative Defense—Injury Covered by Workers’ Compensation
2801 Employer’s Willful Physical Assault—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(1))
2802 Fraudulent Concealment of Injury—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(2))
2803 Employer’s Defective Product—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(3))
2804 Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 4558)
2805 Employee Not Within Course of Employment—Employer Conduct Unrelated to Employment
2806–2809. Reserved for Future Use
2810 Coemployee’s Affirmative Defense—Injury Covered by Workers’ Compensation
2813–2899. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2800 Employer’s Willful Physical Assault (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(1))
VF-2801 Fraudulent Concealment of Injury (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(2))
VF-2802 Employer’s Defective Product (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(3))
VF-2803 Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards (Lab. Code, § 4558)
VF-2804 Co-Employee’s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act of Aggression (Lab. Code, § 3601(a)(1))
VF-2805 Injury Caused by Co-Employee’s Intoxication (Lab. Code, § 3601(a)(2))
VF-2806–VF-2899. Reserved for Future Use
Federal Employers’ Liability Act
Synopsis to Series 2900 : FEDERAL EMPLOYERS’ LIABILITY ACT
2900 FELA—Essential Factual Elements
2901 Negligence—Duty of Railroad
2902 Negligence—Assignment of Employees
2905 Compliance With Employer’s Requests or Directions
2906–2919. Reserved for Future Use
2920 Federal Safety Appliance Act or Boiler Inspection Act—Essential Factual Elements
2921 Causation Under FSAA or BIA
2922 Statute of Limitations—Special Verdict Form or Interrogatory
2923 Borrowed Servant/Dual Employee
2924 Status as Defendant’s Employee—Subservant Company
2925 Status of Defendant as Common Carrier
2927–2939. Reserved for Future Use
2940 Income Tax Effects of Award
2941 Introduction to Damages for Personal Injury
2942 Damages for Death of Employee
2943–2999. Reserved for Future Use
VF-2900 FELA—Negligence—Plaintiff’s Negligence at Issue
VF-2901 Federal Safety Appliance Act or Boiler Inspection Act
VF-2902–VF-2999. Reserved for Future Use
Civil Rights
Synopsis to Series 3000 : CIVIL RIGHTS
3000 Violation of Federal Civil Rights—In General—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3001 Local Government Liability—Policy or Custom—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3002 “Official Policy or Custom” Explained (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3003 Local Government Liability—Failure to Train—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3005 Supervisor Liability for Acts of Subordinates (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3006–3019. Reserved for Future Use
3022 Unreasonable Search—Search With a Warrant—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3024 Affirmative Defense—Search Incident to Lawful Arrest
3025 Affirmative Defense—Consent to Search
3026 Affirmative Defense—Exigent Circumstances
3027 Affirmative Defense—Emergency
3028–3039. Reserved for Future Use
3041 Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights—Eighth Amendment—Medical Care (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3044–3049. Reserved for Future Use
3050 Retaliation—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3052 Use of Fabricated Evidence—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
3054–3059. Reserved for Future Use
3060 Unruh Civil Rights Act—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, §§ 51, 52)
3061 Discrimination in Business Dealings—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 51.5)
3062 Gender Price Discrimination—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 51.6)
3063 Acts of Violence—Ralph Act—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 51.7)
3064 Threats of Violence—Ralph Act—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 51.7)
3065 Sexual Harassment in Defined Relationship—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 51.9)
3066 Bane Act—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 52.1)
3067 Unruh Civil Rights Act—Damages (Civ. Code, §§ 51, 52(a))
3068 Ralph Act—Damages and Penalty (Civ. Code, §§ 51.7, 52(b))
3069 Harassment in Educational Institution (Ed. Code, § 220)
3072–3099. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3000 Violation of Federal Civil Rights—In General (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
VF-3001 Public Entity Liability (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
VF-3002 Public Entity Liability—Failure to Train (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
VF-3003–VF-3009. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3010 Excessive Use of Force—Unreasonable Arrest or Other Seizure (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
VF-3011 Unreasonable Search—Search With a Warrant (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
VF-3012 Unreasonable Search or Seizure—Search or Seizure Without a Warrant (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
VF-3014–VF-3019. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3023 Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights—Eighth Amendment—Deprivation of Necessities
VF-3024–VF-3029. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3030 Unruh Civil Rights Act (Civ. Code, §§ 51, 52(a))
VF-3031 Discrimination in Business Dealings (Civ. Code, §§ 51.5, 52(a))
VF-3032 Gender Price Discrimination (Civ. Code, § 51.6)
VF-3033 Ralph Act (Civ. Code, § 51.7)
VF-3034 Sexual Harassment in Defined Relationship (Civ. Code, § 51.9)
VF-3035 Bane Act (Civ. Code, § 52.1)
VF-3036–VF-3099. Reserved for Future Use
Elder Abuse and Dependent Adult Civil Protection Act
Synopsis to Series 3100 : ELDER ABUSE AND DEPENDENT ADULT CIVIL PROTECTION ACT
3100 Financial Abuse—Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.30)
3101 Financial Abuse—Decedent’s Pain and Suffering (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657.5)
3103 Neglect—Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.57)
3104 Neglect—Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657)
- Reserved for Future Use
3106 Physical Abuse—Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.63)
3107 Physical Abuse—Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657)
- Reserved for Future Use
3109 Abduction—Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.06)
3110 Abduction—Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657.05)
- Reserved for Future Use
3112 “Dependent Adult” Explained (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.23)
3117 Financial Abuse—“Undue Influence” Explained
3118–3199. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3101 Financial Abuse—Employer Defendant Only (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610.30, 15657.5(b))
VF-3108–VF-3199. Reserved for Future Use
Table A Elder Abuse: Causes of Action, Remedies, and Employer Liability
Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act
Synopsis to Series 3200 : SONG-BEVERLY CONSUMER WARRANTY ACT
3202 “Repair Opportunities” Explained
3203 Reasonable Number of Repair Opportunities—Rebuttable Presumption (Civ. Code, § 1793.22(b))
3204 “Substantially Impaired” Explained
3206 Breach of Disclosure Obligations—Essential Factual Elements
3207–3209. Reserved for Future Use
3210 Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Essential Factual Elements
3211 Breach of Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose—Essential Factual Elements
3212 Duration of Implied Warranty
3213–3219. Reserved for Future Use
3220 Affirmative Defense—Unauthorized or Unreasonable Use
3221 Affirmative Defense—Disclaimer of Implied Warranties
3222 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations (Cal. U. Com. Code, § 2725)
3223–3229. Reserved for Future Use
3230 Continued Reasonable Use Permitted
3231 Continuation of Express or Implied Warranty During Repairs (Civ. Code, § 1795.6)
3232–3239. Reserved for Future Use
3240 Reimbursement Damages—Consumer Goods (Civ. Code, §§ 1793.2(d)(1), 1794(b))
3241 Restitution From Manufacturer—New Motor Vehicle (Civ. Code, §§ 1793.2(d)(2), 1794(b))
3244 Civil Penalty—Willful Violation (Civ. Code, § 1794(c))
3245–3299. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3203 Breach of Express Warranty—New Motor Vehicle—Civil Penalty Sought
VF-3204 Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability
VF-3206 Breach of Disclosure Obligations
VF-3207–VF-3299. Reserved for Future Use
Unfair Practices Act
Synopsis to Series 3300 : UNFAIR PRACTICES ACT
3300 Locality Discrimination—Essential Factual Elements
3301 Below Cost Sales—Essential Factual Elements
3302 Loss Leader Sales—Essential Factual Elements
3304 Presumptions Concerning Costs—Manufacturer
3305 Presumptions Concerning Costs—Distributor
3306 Methods of Allocating Costs to an Individual Product
3307–3319. Reserved for Future Use
3320 Secret Rebates—Essential Factual Elements
3321 Secret Rebates—Definition of “Secret”
3322–3329. Reserved for Future Use
3330 Affirmative Defense to Locality Discrimination Claim—Cost Justification
3335 Affirmative Defense—“Good Faith” Explained
3336–3399. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3300 Locality Discrimination
VF-3301 Locality Discrimination Claim—Affirmative Defense—Cost Justification
VF-3305 Loss Leader Sales Claim—Affirmative Defense—Meeting Competition
VF-3307 Secret Rebates Claim—Affirmative Defense—Functional Classifications
VF-3308–VF-3399. Reserved for Future Use
Cartwright Act
Synopsis to Series 3400 : CARTWRIGHT ACT
3402 Horizontal Restraints—Dual Distributor Restraints—Essential Factual Elements
3404 Horizontal Restraints—Group Boycott—Rule of Reason—Essential Factual Elements
3406 Horizontal and Vertical Restraints—“Agreement” Explained
3407 Horizontal and Vertical Restraints—Agreement Between Company and Its Employee
3408 Vertical Restraints—“Coercion” Explained
3409 Vertical Restraints—Termination of Reseller
3410 Vertical Restraints—Agreement Between Seller and Reseller’s Competitor
3411 Rule of Reason—Anticompetitive Versus Beneficial Effects
3412 Rule of Reason—“Market Power” Explained
3413 Rule of Reason—“Product Market” Explained
3414 Rule of Reason—“Geographic Market” Explained
3415–3419. Reserved for Future Use
3421 Tying—Products or Services—Essential Factual Elements (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 16727)
3422 Tying—“Separate Products” Explained
3423 Tying—“Economic Power” Explained
3424–3429. Reserved for Future Use
3430 “Noerr-Pennington” Doctrine
3431 Affirmative Defense—In Pari Delicto
3432–3439. Reserved for Future Use
3441–3499. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3400 Horizontal and Vertical Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Price Fixing
VF-3401 Horizontal Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Allocation of Trade or Commerce
VF-3403 Horizontal Restraints—Dual Distributor Restraints
VF-3404 Horizontal Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Group Boycott—Per Se Violation
VF-3405 Horizontal Restraints—Group Boycott—Rule of Reason
VF-3408 Tying—Real Estate, Products, or Services (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 16720)
VF-3409 Tying—Products or Services (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 16727)
VF-3410–VF-3499. Reserved for Future Use
Eminent Domain
Synopsis to Series 3500 : EMINENT DOMAIN
3501 “Fair Market Value” Explained
3502 “Highest and Best Use” Explained
3503 Change in Zoning or Land Use Restriction
3505 Information Discovered after Date of Valuation
3507 Personal Property and Inventory
3508 Bonus Value of Leasehold Interest
3509A Precondemnation Damages—Unreasonable Delay (Klopping Damages)
3511A Severance Damages to Remainder (Code Civ. Proc., §§ 1263.410, 1263.420(a))
3511B Damage to Remainder During Construction (Code Civ. Proc., § 1263.420(b))
3512 Severance Damages—Offset for Benefits
3517 Comparable Sales (Evid. Code, § 816)
3518–3599. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3500 Fair Market Value Plus Goodwill
VF-3501 Fair Market Value Plus Severance Damages
VF-3502 Fair Market Value Plus Loss of Inventory/Personal Property
VF-3503–VF-3599. Reserved for Future Use
Conspiracy
Synopsis to Series 3600 : CONSPIRACY
3600 Conspiracy—Essential Factual Elements
3602 Affirmative Defense—Agent and Employee Immunity Rule
3603–3609. Reserved for Future Use
3610 Aiding and Abetting Tort—Essential Factual Elements
3611–3699. Reserved for Future Use
Vicarious Responsibility
Synopsis to Series 3700 : VICARIOUS RESPONSIBILITY
3700 Introduction to Vicarious Responsibility
3701 Tort Liability Asserted Against Principal—Essential Factual Elements
3702 Affirmative Defense—Comparative Fault of Plaintiff’s Agent
3703 Legal Relationship Not Disputed
3704 Existence of “Employee” Status Disputed
3705 Existence of “Agency” Relationship Disputed
3706 Special Employment—Lending Employer Denies Responsibility for Worker’s Acts
3707 Special Employment—Joint Responsibility
3714–3719. Reserved for Future Use
3721 Scope of Employment—Peace Officer’s Misuse of Authority
3722 Scope of Employment—Unauthorized Acts
3724 Social or Recreational Activities
3725 Going-and-Coming Rule—Vehicle-Use Exception
3726 Going-and-Coming Rule—Business-Errand Exception
3727 Going-and-Coming Rule—Compensated Travel Time Exception
3728–3799. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3700 Negligence—Vicarious Liability
VF-3701–VF-3799. Reserved for Future Use
Equitable Indemnity
Synopsis to Series 3800 : EQUITABLE INDEMNITY
3800 Comparative Fault Between and Among Tortfeasors
3801 Implied Contractual Indemnity
3802–3899. Reserved for Future Use
Damages
Synopsis to Series 3900 : DAMAGES
3900 Introduction to Tort Damages—Liability Contested
3901 Introduction to Tort Damages—Liability Established
3902 Economic and Noneconomic Damages
3903A Medical Expenses—Past and Future (Economic Damage)
3903B Medical Monitoring—Toxic Exposure (Economic Damage)
3903C Past and Future Lost Earnings (Economic Damage)
3903D Lost Earning Capacity (Economic Damage)
3903E Loss of Ability to Provide Household Services (Economic Damage)
3903F Damage to Real Property (Economic Damage)
3903G Loss of Use of Real Property (Economic Damage)
3903H Damage to Annual Crop (Economic Damage)
3903I Damage to Perennial Crop (Economic Damage)
3903J Damage to Personal Property (Economic Damage)
3903K Loss or Destruction of Personal Property (Economic Damage)
3903L Damage to Personal Property Having Special Value (Civ. Code, § 3355) (Economic Damage)
3903M Loss of Use of Personal Property (Economic Damage)
3903N Lost Profits (Economic Damage)
3903O Injury to Pet—Costs of Treatment (Economic Damage)
3903P Damages From Employer for Wrongful Discharge (Economic Damage)
3903Q Survival Damages (Economic Damage) (Code Civ. Proc., § 377.34)
3904B Use of Present-Value Tables
3905 Items of Noneconomic Damage
3905A Physical Pain, Mental Suffering, and Emotional Distress (Noneconomic Damage)
3907–3919. Reserved for Future Use
3920 Loss of Consortium (Noneconomic Damage)
3921 Wrongful Death (Death of an Adult)
3922 Wrongful Death (Parents’ Recovery for Death of a Minor Child)
3923 Public Entities—Collateral Source Payments (Gov. Code, § 985)
3925 Arguments of Counsel Not Evidence of Damages
3927 Aggravation of Preexisting Condition or Disability
3928 Unusually Susceptible Plaintiff
3929 Subsequent Medical Treatment or Aid
3930 Mitigation of Damages (Personal Injury)
3931 Mitigation of Damages (Property Damage)
3933 Damages From Multiple Defendants
3934 Damages on Multiple Legal Theories
3935 Prejudgment Interest (Civ. Code, § 3288)
3936–3939. Reserved for Future Use
3940 Punitive Damages—Individual Defendant—Trial Not Bifurcated
3941 Punitive Damages—Individual Defendant—Bifurcated Trial (First Phase)
3942 Punitive Damages—Individual Defendant—Bifurcated Trial (Second Phase)
3945 Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant—Trial Not Bifurcated
3946 Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant—Bifurcated Trial (First Phase)
3947 Punitive Damages—Individual and Entity Defendants—Trial Not Bifurcated
3950–3959. Reserved for Future Use
3960 Comparative Fault of Plaintiff—General Verdict
3961 Duty to Mitigate Damages for Past Lost Earnings
3962 Duty to Mitigate Damages for Future Lost Earnings
3963 Affirmative Defense—Employee’s Duty to Mitigate Damages
3964 Jurors Not to Consider Attorney Fees and Court Costs
3965 No Deduction for Workers’ Compensation Benefits Paid
3966–3999. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3901 Punitive Damages Against Employer or Principal for Conduct of a Specific Agent or Employee
VF-3902 Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant
VF-3903 Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant—Ratification
VF-3904 Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant—Authorization
VF-3905 Damages for Wrongful Death (Death of an Adult)
VF-3906 Damages for Wrongful Death (Parents’ Recovery for Death of a Minor Child)
VF-3907 Damages for Loss of Consortium (Noneconomic Damage)
VF-3908–VF-3919. Reserved for Future Use
VF-3920 Damages on Multiple Legal Theories
VF-3921–VF-3999. Reserved for Future Use
LETM Life Expectancy Table—Male
LETF Life Expectancy Table—Female
Lanterman-Petris-Short Act
Synopsis to Series 4000 : LANTERMAN-PETRIS-SHORT ACT
4000 Conservatorship—Essential Factual Elements
4001 “Mental Disorder” Explained
4002 “Gravely Disabled” Explained
4003 “Gravely Disabled” Minor Explained
4004 Issues Not to Be Considered
4005 Obligation to Prove—Reasonable Doubt
4006 Sufficiency of Indirect Circumstantial Evidence
4008 Third Party Assistance to Minor
4010 Limiting Instruction—Expert Testimony
4011 History of Disorder Relevant to the Determination of Grave Disability
4013 Disqualification From Voting
4014–4099. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4000 Conservatorship—Verdict Form
VF-4001–VF-4099. Reserved for Future Use
Breach of Fiduciary Duty
Synopsis to Series 4100 : BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
4100 “Fiduciary Duty” Explained
4101 Failure to Use Reasonable Care—Essential Factual Elements
4102 Duty of Undivided Loyalty—Essential Factual Elements
4103 Duty of Confidentiality—Essential Factual Elements
4105 Duties of Stockbroker—Speculative Securities
4106 Breach of Fiduciary Duty by Attorney—Essential Factual Elements
4107 Duty of Disclosure by Real Estate Broker to Client
4109 Duty of Disclosure by Seller’s Real Estate Broker to Buyer
4111 Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, § 1573)
4112–4119. Reserved for Future Use
4120 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations
4121–4199. Reserved for Future Use
Series 4200 UNIFORM VOIDABLE TRANSACTIONS ACT
Synopsis to Series 4200 : UNIFORM VOIDABLE TRANSACTIONS ACT
4203 Constructive Fraudulent Transfer—Insolvency—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 3439.05)
4206 Presumption of Insolvency
4207 Affirmative Defense—Good Faith (Civ. Code, § 3439.08(a), (f)(1))
4209–4299. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditor—Affirmative Defense—Good Faith
VF-4201 Constructive Fraudulent Transfer—No Reasonably Equivalent Value Received
VF-4202 Constructive Fraudulent Transfer—Insolvency
VF-4203–VF-4299. Reserved for Future Use
Unlawful Detainer
Synopsis to Series 4300 : UNLAWFUL DETAINER
4301 Expiration of Fixed-Term Tenancy—Essential Factual Elements
4302 Termination for Failure to Pay Rent—Essential Factual Elements
4303 Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination for Failure to Pay Rent
4304 Termination for Violation of Terms of Lease/Agreement—Essential Factual Elements
4305 Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination for Violation of Terms of Agreement
4306 Termination of Month-to-Month Tenancy—Essential Factual Elements
4307 Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination of Month-to-Month Tenancy
4309 Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination for Nuisance or Unlawful Use
4310–4319. Reserved for Future Use
4320 Affirmative Defense—Implied Warranty of Habitability
4321 Affirmative Defense—Retaliatory Eviction—Tenant’s Complaint (Civ. Code, § 1942.5)
4323 Affirmative Defense—Discriminatory Eviction (Unruh Act)
4324 Affirmative Defense—Waiver by Acceptance of Rent
4325 Affirmative Defense—Failure to Comply With Rent Control Ordinance/Tenant Protection Act
4326 Affirmative Defense—Repair and Deduct
4327 Affirmative Defense—Landlord’s Refusal of Rent
4329–4339. Reserved for Future Use
4340 Damages for Reasonable Rental Value
4341 Statutory Damages on Showing of Malice (Code Civ. Proc., § 1174(b))
4342 Reduced Rent for Breach of Habitability
4343–4399. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4300 Termination Due to Failure to Pay Rent
VF-4302 Termination Due to Violation of Terms of Lease/Agreement
VF-4303–VF-4399. Reserved for Future Use
Trade Secrets
Synopsis to Series 4400 : TRADE SECRETS
4400 Misappropriation of Trade Secrets—Introduction
4401 Misappropriation of Trade Secrets—Essential Factual Elements
4404 Reasonable Efforts to Protect Secrecy
4405 Misappropriation by Acquisition
4406 Misappropriation by Disclosure
4408 Improper Means of Acquiring Trade Secret
4409 Remedies for Misappropriation of Trade Secret
4411 Punitive Damages for Willful and Malicious Misappropriation
4412 “Independent Economic Value” Explained
4413–4419. Reserved for Future Use
4420 Affirmative Defense—Information Was Readily Ascertainable by Proper Means
4421 Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations—Three-Year Limit (Civ. Code, § 3426.6)
4422–4499. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4400 Misappropriation of Trade Secrets
VF-4401–VF-4499. Reserved for Future Use
Construction Law
Synopsis to Series 4500 : CONSTRUCTION LAW
4503–4509. Reserved for Future Use
4511 Affirmative Defense—Contractor Followed Plans and Specifications
4512–4519. Reserved for Future Use
4520 Contractor’s Claim for Changed or Extra Work
4521 Owner’s Claim That Contract Procedures Regarding Change Orders Were Not Followed
4522 Waiver of Written Approval or Notice Requirements for Changed or Additional Work
4523 Contractor’s Claim for Additional Compensation—Abandonment of Contract
4524 Contractor’s Claim for Compensation Due Under Contract—Substantial Performance
4525–4529. Reserved for Future Use
4530 Owner’s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract—Work Does Not Conform to Contract
4531 Owner’s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract—Failure to Complete Work
4532 Owner’s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract—Liquidated Damages Under Contract for Delay
4533–4539. Reserved for Future Use
4540 Contractor’s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract—Change Orders/Extra Work
4542 Contractor’s Damages for Abandoned Construction Contract—Quantum Meruit Recovery
4543 Contractor’s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract—Owner-Caused Delay or Acceleration
4544 Contractor’s Damages for Breach of Construction Contract—Inefficiency Because of Owner Conduct
4545–4549. Reserved for Future Use
4552 Affirmative Defense—Work Completed and Accepted—Patent Defect
4553–4559. Reserved for Future Use
4560 Recovery of Payments to Unlicensed Contractor (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 7031(b))
4561 Damages—All Payments Made to Unlicensed Contractor
4562–4569. Reserved for Future Use
4570 Right to Repair Act—Construction Defects—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 896)
4571 Right to Repair Act—Damages (Civ. Code, § 944)
4572 Right to Repair Act—Affirmative Defense—Act of Nature (Civ. Code, § 945.5(a))
4576–4599. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4500 Owner’s Failure to Disclose Important Information Regarding Construction Project
VF-4501–VF-4509. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4511–VF-4519. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4521–VF-4599. Reserved for Future Use
Whistleblower Protection
Synopsis to Series 4600 : WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION
4600 False Claims Act: Whistleblower Protection—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12653)
4602 Affirmative Defense—Same Decision (Gov. Code, § 8547.8(e))
4603 Whistleblower Protection—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1102.5)
4604 Affirmative Defense—Same Decision (Lab. Code, § 1102.6)
4607–4699. Reserved for Future Use
VF-4600 False Claims Act: Whistleblower Protection (Gov. Code, § 12653)
VF-4602 Whistleblower Protection—Affirmative Defense of Same Decision (Lab. Code, §§ 1102.5, 1102.6)
VF-4603–VF-4699. Reserved for Future Use
Consumers Legal Remedies Act
Synopsis to Series 4700 : CONSUMERS LEGAL REMEDIES ACT
4700 Consumers Legal Remedies Act—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 1770)
4701 Consumers Legal Remedies Act—Notice Requirement for Damages (Civ. Code, § 1782)
4703–4709. Reserved for Future Use
4711–4799. Reserved for Future Use
California False Claims Act
Synopsis to Series 4800 : CALIFORNIA FALSE CLAIMS ACT
4800 False Claims Act—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12651)
4801 Implied Certification of Compliance With All Contractual Provisions—Essential Factual Elements
4802–4899. Reserved for Future Use
Real Property Law
Synopsis to Series 4900 : REAL PROPERTY LAW
4902 Interference With Secondary Easement
4903–4909. Reserved for Future Use
4910 Violation of Homeowner Bill of Rights—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 2924.12(b))
4911–4919. Reserved for Future Use
4920 Wrongful Foreclosure—Essential Factual Elements
4921 Wrongful Foreclosure—Tender Excused
4922–4999. Reserved for Future Use
Concluding Instructions
Synopsis to Series 5000 : CONCLUDING INSTRUCTIONS
5000 Duties of the Judge and Jury
5004 Service Provider for Juror With Disability
5007 Removal of Claims or Parties and Remaining Claims and Parties
5008 Duty to Abide by Translation Provided in Court
5009 Predeliberation Instructions
5010 Taking Notes During the Trial
5011 Reading Back of Trial Testimony in Jury Room
5012 Introduction to Special Verdict Form
5013 Deadlocked Jury Admonition
5014 Substitution of Alternate Juror
5015 Instruction to Alternate Jurors on Submission of Case to Jury
5016 Judge’s Commenting on Evidence
5018 Audio or Video Recording and Transcription
5022 Introduction to General Verdict Form
5023–5089. Reserved for Future Use
5090 Final Instruction on Discharge of Jury
5091–5099. Reserved for Future Use
VF-5000 General Verdict Form—Single Plaintiff—Single Defendant—Single Cause of Action
VF-5001 General Verdict Form—Single Plaintiff—Single Defendant—Multiple Causes of Action
VF-5002–VF-5099. Reserved for Future Use
DT Disposition Table
Synopsis to DT : Disposition Table
DT Disposition Table