CACI VF-1001 Premises Liability—Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity—Exceptions

California Civil Jury Instructions CACI

VF-1001 Premises Liability—Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity—Exceptions


We answer the questions submitted to us as follows:

1.Did [name of defendant] [own/lease/occupy/control] the property?

Yes  No

If your answer to question 1 is yes, then answer question 2. If you answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and have the presiding juror sign and date this form.

2.Was [name of defendant] negligent in the [use/maintenance] of the property?

Yes  No

If your answer to question 2 is yes, then answer question 3. If you answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and have the presiding juror sign and date this form.

3.Was [name of defendant]’s negligence a substantial factor in causing harm to [name of plaintiff]?

Yes  No

If your answer to question 3 is yes, then answer question 4. If you answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and have the presiding juror sign and date this form.

4.Did [name of plaintiff/name of person causing injury] enter on or use [name of defendant]’s property for a recreational purpose?

Yes  No

If your answer to question 4 is yes, then answer question 5. If you answered no, skip question 5 and answer question 6.

5.Did [name of defendant] willfully or maliciously fail to protect others from or warn others about a dangerous [condition/use/structure/activity] on the property?

Yes  No

If your answer to question 5 is yes, then answer question 6. If you answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and have the presiding juror sign and date this form.

6.What are [name of plaintiff]’s damages?

[a.Past economic loss

[lost earnings $ ]
[lost profits $ ]
[medical expenses $ ]
[other past economic loss $ ]
Total Past Economic Damages: $ ]

[b.Future economic loss

[lost earnings $ ]
[lost profits $ ]
[medical expenses $ ]
[other future economic loss $ ]
Total Future Economic Damages: $ ]

[c.Past noneconomic loss, including [physical pain/mental suffering:]

$ ]

[d.Future noneconomic loss, including [physical pain/mental suffering:]

$ ]
TOTAL $
Signed:Presiding Juror
Dated: 

After [this verdict form has/all verdict forms have] been signed, notify the [clerk/bailiff/court attendant] that you are ready to present your verdict in the courtroom.


New September 2003; Revised April 2007, October 2008, December 2010, December 2014, December 2016, May 2017


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Directions for Use

This verdict form is based on CACI No. 1000, Premises Liability—Essential Factual Elements, and CACI No. 1010, Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity—Exceptions.

The special verdict forms in this section are intended only as models. They may need to be modified depending on the facts of the case.

If either of the other two exceptions to recreational immunity from Civil Code section 846 is at issue, question 5 should be replaced with appropriate language for the applicable exception. (See CACI No. 1010.)

If specificity is not required, users do not have to itemize all the damages listed in question 6. The breakdown is optional depending on the circumstances.

If there are multiple causes of action, users may wish to combine the individual forms into one form. If different damages are recoverable on different causes of action, replace the damages tables in all of the verdict forms with CACI No. VF-3920, Damages on Multiple Legal Theories.

If the jury is being given the discretion under Civil Code section 3288 to award prejudgment interest (see Bullis v. Security Pac. Nat’l Bank (1978) 21 Cal.3d 801, 814 [148 Cal.Rptr. 22, 582 P.2d 109]), give CACI No. 3935, Prejudgment Interest. This verdict form may need to be augmented for the jury to make any factual findings that are required in order to calculate the amount of prejudgment interest.